Accuracy of noncycloplegic refraction performed at school screening camps

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare noncycloplegic refraction performed in school camp with that performed in eye clinic in children aged 6� years. Methods: A prospective study of children with unaided vision <0.2 LogMAR who underwent noncycloplegic retinoscopy (NCR) and subjective refraction (SR) in camp and subsequently in eye clinic between February and March 2017 was performed. A masked optometrist performed refractions in both settings. The agreement between refraction values obtained at both settings was compared using the Bland朅ltman analysis. Results: A total of 217 eyes were included in this study. Between the school camp and eye clinic, the mean absolute error � standard deviation in spherical equivalent (SE) of NCR was 0.33 � 0.4D and that of SR was 0.26 � 0.5D. The limits of agreement for NCR were +0.91D to ? 1.09D and for SR was +1.15D to -1.06D. The mean absolute error in SE was ?0.5D in 92.62% eyes (95% confidence interval 88%�%). Conclusion: A certain degree of variability exists between noncycloplegic refraction done in school camps and eye clinic. It was found to be accurate within 0.5D of SE in 92.62% eyes for refractive errors up to 4.5D of myopia, 3D of cylinder, and 1.5D of hyperopia.

Prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors of rural population aged ≥ 50 years in Funing county, Jiangsu province / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among urban population aged 50 years and above in Ftming county,Jiangsu province.Methods Survey research was conducted and randomly cluster sampling was used to select individuals aged ≥50 years for visual acuity test and eye examination in Funing county,Jiangsu province.The criteria of uncorrected refractive errors in this study was defined as an improvement of at least 0.2 log MAR (equivalent to 2 lines) in the best corrected visual acuity with the base vision ＜ 0.5 log MAR in daily life.The quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation,and t-test was used for comparison between groups,and while the count data were expressed as rate or composition ratio,and the x2 test was adopted for comparison between the groups.Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of possible factors (i.e.age and gender) on the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors.Results A total of 6145 persons aged 50 years and above were enumerated and 5947 (96.8％) participants were examined,of whom 2388 had uncorrected refractive errors,with the prevalence of 40.2％.The prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors for myopia only,hyperopia only,astigmatism,and for hyperopia and astigmatism were 84.4％,84.2％,64.1％ and 100％,respectively.Moreover,the higher prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors presented in elderly person (OR =1.07,P ＜ 0.00l) and female (OR =1.38,P ＜ 0.001),and education was a protective factor for junior high school (OR =0.74,P =0.003) and high school (OR =0.55,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Uncorrected refractive errors presented high prevalence in rural population aged 50 years and above in Funing county,Jiangsu province,which are the leading cause of visual impairment.

Changing trends in the prevalence of visual impairment, uncorrected refractive errors and use of spectacles in Mahbubnagar district in South India.

Background/Aim: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease Study (APEDS) was a conventional cross‑sectional study conducted in four locations during 1996‑2000. Ten years later, a Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors (RARE) survey was conducted in one of the geographical regions. The prevalence of visual impairment (VI), uncorrected refractive error (URE), spectacles use obtained from both the surveys was compared. Settings and Design: Rural settings; cross‑sectional studies. Materials and Methods: In both the surveys, distance visual acuity (VA) was assessed using a logMAR chart. Pinhole VA was assessed if presenting VA was <20/20 in APEDS and <20/40 in RARE. VI was defined as presenting VA <20/40 in the better eye. URE was defined as presenting VA <20/40 and improving to ≥20/40 with a pinhole. Statistical Analysis Used: Performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Chi square tests and t‑test were used. Results and Conclusions: The results from a RARE survey with 3,095 subjects were compared with an APEDS dataset that had 1,232 subjects in the same age group of 15-49 years. The prevalence of VI has decreased from 9.5% (95% CI, 7.7-11.1) in APEDS to 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1-3.3) in RARE. Similarly, the prevalence of URE in the better eye decreased from 5.8% (95% CI, 4.5-7.1) to 2.3% (95% CI, 1.8- 2.8). The usage of spectacles increased from 6.6% (95% CI, 5.2-8.0) to 9.7% (95% CI, 8.7-10.7). There is a decreasing trend in the prevalence of VI and URE in Mahbubnagar district in Andhra Pradesh over a decade.