BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA- A RARE METATYPICAL TUMOR- CASE REPORT

A rare kind of squamous cell cancer is called basaloid squamous cell carcinoma occurring in sixth to seventh decade of life with male predilection. It preferentially occurring in upper aerodigestive tract. Rare case reports are presented in the classical age group with a poor prognosis. A 46 year's senior old male patient showed up to otorhinolaryngology department with chief complain of growth on base on left side of tongue and supra-glottic growth. On radiological evaluation by Multislice CT Scanning, a heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion measuring approximately 25×38 mm was noted at the base of tongue. On cytological evaluation of the lesion, highly cellular smear showed malignant morphology of the cells. Histological evaluation reveals a tumour mass in which neoplastic cells were composed of two different cell types – the majority of the cells population consisted of basaloid cells with abrupt association of foci of squamous cells suggesting basaloid variant of Squamous cell carcinoma. We brought this case for acknowledgment due to its rare occurrence, lower age of presentation, poor prognostic value as well as high metastatic potential.

Review of the Literature on Oral Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and Evidence-based Traditional Medicine Treatment

Oral cavity cancers are part of the upper aerodigestive tract cancers and represent a significant burden worldwide. Its epidemiology varies from country to country with high frequencies in South East Asian countries. Tobacco and alcohol are the main risk factors. Survival of oral cancer is low i.e., less than 40% in the advanced stage (stage III and IV), diagnosis of oral cavity cancer is based on a complete clinical examination of the oral cavity complete with biopsy, bio-markers are an adjunct to screening and diagnosis of oral cavity cancers, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are part of the therapeutic armamentarium of oral cancer but also have limitations. Traditional medicine is an important and proven alternative in the treatment and support of patients with oral cavity cancer. Prevention of oral cavity cancers includes not only early detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions but also control of risk factors and education of the population. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are part of the therapeutic strategy of oral cancer treatment but also have limitations. Traditional Medicine is an important and proven alternative in the treatment and support of patients with oral cavity cancer. It is thus desirable to scientifically validate phytochemicals in order to integrate alternative medicine as part of national cancer management strategy. In silico advanced studies on secondary metabolites of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat oral cancer are in progress.

Prevention of upper aerodigestive tract cancer through active search strategies and use of equipped propaedeutics / Prevenção ao câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior através das estratégias de buscaativa e uso da propedêutica armada

Abstract Introduction Upper aerodigestive tract cancer is among the most frequent malignancies and has epidemiological importance worldwide. Most cases are already advanced at the diagnosis, with a strong negative impact on survival and high cost to the government. Campaigns directed against these cancers have often failed in Brazil. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of screening for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, using active search strategies and the use of equipped propaedeutics. Methods A cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, analytical and exploratory study, since its objectives are based on the visualization of cancerous lesions in a sample consisting of individuals with risk factors, aiming to expand the necessary knowledge for cancer detection, aiming at secondary prevention of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx cancer. Results A total of 16.7% of precancerous lesions and 0.5% of cancer lesions located in the upper aerodigestive tract were clinically visualized. Conclusion The method was effective in the identification of precancerous lesions for the purpose of secondary prevention, but equally important against upper aerodigestive tract cancer, since in the present study the chance of finding the latter was increased by 22.7, showing it is an alternative for future campaigns against the disease.

Resumo Introdução O câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior configura-se entre os mais frequentes e apresenta-se com importância epidemiológica no mundo. A maior parte apresenta-se avançada ao diagnóstico, com forte impacto negativo na sobrevida e elevado custo ao erário. As campanhas feitas contra esses cânceres têm frequentemente falhado no Brasil. Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade do rastreamento para lesões cancerizáveis do trato aerodigestivo superior com estratégias de busca ativa e uso da propedêutica armada. Método Estudo transversal, prospectivo, descritivo, analítico e exploratório, uma vez que os seus objetivos se alicerçam na visualização das lesões cancerizáveis numa amostra composta por indivíduos com fatores de risco, de forma a aprofundar o conhecimento necessário para a sua detecção, visando à prevenção secundária do câncer da cavidade oral, orofaringe, laringe e hipofaringe. Resultado Foram visualizadas clinicamente 16,7% lesões cancerizáveis e 0,5% cânceres de localização no trato aerodigestivo superior. Conclusão O método mostrou-se efetivo na identificação de lesões cancerizáveis com intuito de prevenção secundária, mas igualmente importante contra o câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior, uma vez que neste presente estudo multiplicou-se a chance do encontro desse por 22,7; apresenta-se como opção para futuras campanhas contra a doença.

Characteristics, Prognostic Factors, and Survival of Patients with NK/T-Cell Lymphoma of Non-upper Aerodigestive Tract: A 17-Year Single-Center Experience / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) of non-upper aerodigestive tract (NUAT) was found to have clinical heterogeneity compared with NKTCL of the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) in small scale studies. We conducted this study in a much larger cohort to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, treatment modality, and clinical outcomes of patients with NUAT-NKTCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2017, a total of 757 NKTCL patients were identified and included in this study, including 92 NUAT-NKTCL patients (12.2%) and 665 UAT-NKTCLpatients (87.8%). RESULTS: NUAT-NKTCL patients had relatively poorer performance status, more unfavorable prognostic factors, and more advanced stage, compared with UAT-NKTCL patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 34.7% for NUAT-NKTCL, which was significantly worse than UAT-NKTCL (64.2%, p<0.001). The median OS duration was 30.9 months for NUAT-NKTCL. Multivariate analysis showed that presence with B symptoms and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase independently predicted worse OS. International prognostic index score and prognostic index of natural killer lymphoma score still had prognostic values in NUAT-NKTCL, while the Ann Arbor system could not accurately predict the OS. CONCLUSION: NUAT-NKTCL is a distinctive subtype of NKTCL in many aspects. Patients with NUAT-NKTCL have relatively poorer performance status, more unfavorable prognostic factors, more advanced stage, and poorer prognosis.

Upper aerodigesiive tract neoplasm (uatn): an update / Neoplasia dl traacto aerodigestivo superior (uatn): una actualización

Introduction: according to the review carried out, while the majority of head and neck cancerous lesions are cutaneous and thyroid are associated with low lethality, there are others that are developed in the upper aerodigestive tract and are usually squamous cell carcinomas, which are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and are associated with very poor survival and functional prognosis. In Colombia, squamous cell carcinoma is the neoplasm of greatest occurrence in head and neck; it becomes evident as a detectable premalignant lesion and it registers between 100 and 120 new cases by year according to the Colombian National Cancer Institute in 1998. This update is important because of the new findings on the disease natural history and the characteristics of each location in the upper aerodigestive tract. Methodology: the relevant biomedical literature was searched in several databases such as Medline, Proquest, Science Direct, Ovid and Cochrane, as well as available information in web sites of national scientific journals and Organizations.

Introducción: De acuerdo a la revisión llevada a cabo, mientras que la mayoría de las lesiones cancerosas de cabeza y cuello son cutáneas y asociadas con la tiroides y de baja letalidad, hay otras que se desarrollan en el tracto aerodigestivo superior y usualmente son carcinomas de células escamosas, las cuales son usualmente diagnosticadas en estados avanzados y asociadas con una muy pobre supervivencia y pronóstico funcional. En Colombia, el carcinoma de células escamosas es la neoplasia de mayor ocurrencia en la cabeza y el cuello, esta se manifiesta como una lesión premaligna detectable y registra entre 100 a 120 casos nuevos al año en Colombia de accauerdo al Instituto Nacional de Cancerología en 1998. Esta actualización es importante debido a los nuevos hallazgos en la historia natural de la enfermedad y a las características de cada localización en el tracto aerodigestivo superior. Metodología: Fue buscada la literatura biomédica relevante en algunas bases de datos tales como Medline, Proquest, Science Direct, Ovid y Cochrane, así como también la información disponible en sitios Web de organizaciones y revistas científicas nacionales.

Lymphome de Burkitt pediatrique a revelation ORL: quelle prise en charge en milieu sub sahelien ? Reflexion sur trois cas

Le lymphome de Burkitt dans sa forme Africaine peut se manifester sous des signes d'emprunt ORL a type de tumefaction orbito-maxillo-faciale. Le diagnostic peut etre fait par les ORL a travers un faisceau de signes cliniques et une cytoponction. La prise en charge se fait dans des unites d'oncologie medicale ou le bilan d'extension et le lancement de la chimiotherapie sont des imperatifs incontournables. Actuellement cette tumeur a potentiel tres agressif repond a une poly chimiotherapie bien conduite

Upper aerodigestive tract endoscopy during the first year of life: A current review.

A five-year retrospective review of 52 infants who underwent 67 endoscopic procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract was performed. The ages of the patients ranged from one day to one year with a mean of 157 days. The most common indication of endoscopy was stridor/respiratory distress (46.3 per cent) and persistent wheezing (16.4 per cent). Congenital anomalies were the causes of airway problems in more than half of the patients and laryngomalacia was the most common diagnosis (34.6 per cent), followed by congenital subglottic stenosis (7.6 per cent). There were 19.2 per cent of cases who had more than one airway lesion. Diagnosis was obtained from endoscopy in90.4 per cent of cases. There were two cases of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) diagnosed by nuclear scintigraphy. Therapeutic procedures during and after endoscopy were also reviewed. Only minor complications were found in three cases (4.5 per cent) (one bronchospasm, two subglottic oedema ). Endoscopy was found to be a safe, accurate diagnostic method which also offered useful therapeutic interventions.

Epstein-Barr Viral RNA(EBERs) Expression in Conventional Malignant Lymphoma and Polymorphic Reticulosis of Upper Aerodigestive Tract

The author examined the immunophenotype and expression of Epstem-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) used in the situ hybridization technique in 20 cases of conventional malignant lymphoma and 28 cases of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis occured in the upper aerodigestive tract including the upper digestive tract(palatine tonsil), and upper respiratory tract(nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx). The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. The favorable site of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was in the palatine tonsil(11 out of 20 cases, 55%), those of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis were nasal cavity and nasopharynx(19 out of 28 cases, 78%). 2. The immunophentype of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was mostly B-cell phenotype (15 out of 20 cases, 75%), and that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was predominantly T-cell phenotype(22 out of 28 cases, 79%). 3. The EBERs positivity of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was 25%(5 out of 20 cases), but that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was 57%(16 out of 28 cases). 4. The positive cases for EBERs revealed angiocentricity with necrosis(16 out of 21 cases, 76%), predominantly T-cell phenotype(19 out of 21 cases, 90%), and favorably involved the nasal cavity and nasopharynx(16 out of 21 cases, 76%). Based on the above results, it was concluded that polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis that occurred in the upper respiratory tract was an EBV-positive angiocentric T-cell lymphoma favorably involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.