Whole-body vibration exposure characterization in bus drivers of Haikou City: A comparison between two health risk assessment methods / 环境与职业医学

Background Long-term exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) will affect the health of occupational drivers. However, research on the characteristics of WBV exposure by urban bus drivers and health risk evaluation is still insufficient. Objective To identify the characteristics of occupational WBV exposure of bus drivers serving 31 bus routes provided by three branches of Haikou Public Transport Group, and to evaluate their occupational health risks related to WBV. Methods A total of 31 out of 142 bus routes run by three branches of Haikou Public Transport Group were selected to monitor WBV exposure of 31 bus drivers during driving. WBV parameters such as triaxial frequency weighted acceleration (awx, awy, awz) and triaxial crest factor (CFx, CFy, CFz) of the drivers were determined with a six-channel human vibration meter. Two methods, 8-hour daily value of the weighted root mean square average weighted vibration [A(8)] based on aw and 8-hour daily value of vibration dose [VDV(8)] based on vibration dose value (VDV), were used for health risk assessment and classified WBV health risk results into three levels (high, medium, and low) by the exposure action value (EAV) and exposure limit values (ELV) for A(8) and VDV(8) recommended by ISO 2631-1:1997. The two evaluation methods, A(8) and VDV(8), were compared by Fisher's exact test. Results Regarding the WBV parameters, the vector sum of acceleration (av) was 0.321-0.680 m·s−2, the VDV of monitoring interval was 3.824-10.174 m·s−1.75, and the VDV(8) was 6.039-13.505 m·s−1.75; their values in mean ± standard deviation were (0.480±0.100) m·s−2, (6.987±2.737) m·s−1.75, and (9.773±4.540) m·s−1.75, respectively. Positive correlations were found between awx and awz, av and awz, CFx and CFy, CFy and CFz. No bus route's WBV exposure level was graded as high health risk by either A(8) or VDV(8). The number of routes graded as low health risk by A(8) was 26, while the number by VDV(8) was 12. The consistency rates of health risk levels evaluated by the two methods were 66.7% (6/9), 54.6% (6/11), and 45.5% (5/11) for the three bus group branches, respectively. The difference in WBV health risk assessment results between the two evaluation methods was not statistically significant. Conclusion Positive correlations are found between triaxial acceleration and triaxial crest factor. There is no difference in the results of using A(8) and VDV(8) to evaluate health risks of WBV in urban bus routes.

Health and functional outcome of whole body vibration for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review using WHO-FICs / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct a research framework for systematic review of health and functional outcomes of whole body vibration training in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy based on the theory and method of World Health Organization Family of International Health Classifications (WHO-FICs), and to systematically review the major health conditions and physical functions, intervention programs of whole body vibration training, and health and functional outcomes of vibration intervention in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. MethodsBased on the WHO-FICs method, the PICO architecture of systematic reviews was constructed, and the databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase were searched to collect randomized controlled trials about the health and functional effects of whole body vibration training on children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from the establishment to September 30th, 2022, and a systematic review was conducted. ResultsEight articles, seven in English and one in Chinese, from five countries, were included, mainly from journals in clinical rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation, physical medicine and rehabilitation, etc., published mainly after 2010, involving 227 participants (three to 12.3 years old). The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Physical Therapy Evidence Database scale with a mean score of six. The ICD-11 codes included 08 diseases of the nervous system, 8D20 spastic cerebral palsy, 8D20.1 spastic bilateral cerebral palsy, 8D20.10 spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy and 8D2Z unspecified cerebral palsy. The primary functioning of cerebral palsy was characterized as muscle spasticity, abnormal skeletal development, joint deformities and muscle weakness, decrease of selective motor control and gait abnormalities; for the activity and participation, the functioning included walking difficulties, decrease of mobility and weight loading, and low levels of physical activities. The main intervention was whole body vibration, in postures of lying, squatting or standing, mainly standing, in the mode of vertical vibration. The frequency was 5 to 30 Hz, and the amplitude was below 9 mm, three to five times a week for eight weeks to six months. The intervention settings include medical institutions, schools and families; mainly for therapeutics and recovery. The health and health-related outcomes were mainly involved s7 structures related to movement, b710 mobility of joint functions, b730 muscle power functions, b735 muscle tone functions, b760 control of voluntary movement functions, d410 changing basic body position, d415 maintaining a body position, d450 walking, d455 moving around, and d420 transferring oneself; such as improvements of neuromusculoskeletal and joint functions, muscle spasm, static balance, muscle strength, and control of movement, the control of body posture and walking, range of activities and self-care. ConclusionWhole body vibration training is effective on cerebral palsy, mainly in standing position, 5 to 30 Hz, and amplitude below 9 mm; three to five times a week for eight weeks to six months. The outcomes of whole body vibration training are mainly reflected in the improvement of body-motor functions, and activity and participation.

Effects of whole body vibration training on postural stability in chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of whole body vibration training on postural stability in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) using meta-analysis. MethodsRandomized controlled trials about whole body vibration training on patients with CAI in relation to postural stability were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, CNKI and WanFang data from inception to November, 2022. Reference lists of included studies were also traced to supplement the relevant literature. Two researchers independently searched the literature, and extracted relevant data. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality, and the Cochrane Handbook was used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. And Stata 15.0 was used to conduct the Egger's test to assess publication bias. ResultsTwelve randomized controlled trials involving 440 individuals were included. Compared with the other exercises or no exercise, whole body vibration training could improve the center of pressure-area (MD = -0.70, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.43, P < 0.001) and the Star Excursion Balance Test in the direction of anterior (MD = 6.16, 95% CI 3.88 to 8.44, P < 0.001), posteromedial (MD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.68 to 8.76, P < 0.001), posterolateral (MD = 6.68, 95% CI 4.28 to 9.08, P < 0.001), anteromedial (MD = 8.78, 95% CI 6.71 to 10.85, P < 0.001), medial (MD = 4.16, 95% CI 1.46 to 6.86, P = 0.002), posterior (MD = 6.69, 95% CI 3.81 to 9.58, P < 0.001), lateral (MD =12.37, 95% CI 8.09 to 16.65, P < 0.001) and anterolateral (MD = 5.29, 95% CI 1.44 to 9.13, P = 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the overall stability index (MD = 0.02, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.09, P = 0.643) and hop-test (MD = 6.24, 95% CI -8.80 to 21.28, P = 0.416) between whole body vibration training and other exercises or no exercise. ConclusionWhole body vibration training can improve the range of all directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test in individuals with CAI. However, more studies are needed to determine the improvement of center of pressure-area.

Efeitos do treinamento físico de vibração de corpo inteiro nos níveis de força de membros inferiores em idosos / Efectos del entrenamiento con ejercicios de vibración de cuerpo entero en los niveles de fuerza de miembros inferiores de adultos mayores / Effects of whole-body vibration exercises on strength levels of lower limb on elderlies

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro sobre os níveis de força nos membros inferiores de idosos. A amostra foi composta por 15 homens fisicamente ativos (idade: 62,5 ± 2,62 anos). Foram realizadas oito semanas de treinamento com plataforma vibratória, com sessões de 20 minutos de vibração utilizando frequências crescentes de 15 a 30 Hz, com exposição de 30 segundos de vibração e 30 segundos de descanso. A cada dois minutos houve um aumento de frequência de 1 Hz. Os indivíduos foram instruídos a ficar em pé, com os pés afastados na largura dos ombros, joelhos flexionados a 130°, braços estendidos, segurando firmemente a máquina. O procedimento foi realizado duas vezes por semana com intervalo de um dia. A força foi avaliada usando um dinamômetro dorsal em exercícios de extensão de joelho e extensão de coluna lombar. Os testes de força foram realizados na quarta e oitava semana após a última sessão de treinamento. Resultados: Ao final de oito semanas, foi possível observar ganhos significativos de força nos músculos envolvidos no exercício de extensão do joelho (p = 0,01) e na extensão da coluna lombar (p = 0,031). Conclusão: observou-se que o treinamento com vibrações de corpo inteiro promoveu melhora nos níveis de força nos membros inferiores dos idosos participantes do estudo.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos del ejercicio de vibración de todo el cuerpo sobre los niveles de fuerza en los miembros inferiores de adultos mayores. La muestra estuvo formada por 15 hombres físicamente activos (edad: 62,5 ± 2,62 años). Se realizaron ocho semanas de entrenamiento con plataforma vibratoria, con sesiones de 20 minutos de vibración utilizando frecuencias crecientes de 15 a 30 Hz, con exposición de 30 segundos de vibración y 30 segundos de descanso. Cada dos minutos había un aumento de frecuencia de 1 Hz. Se indicó a los individuos que permanecieran de pie con los pies separados a la altura de los hombros, las rodillas flexionadas a 130º y los brazos extendidos sujetando firmemente los apoyamanos de la máquina. El procedimiento se realizó dos veces por semana con un intervalo de un día. La fuerza se evaluó mediante un dinamómetro dorsal en los ejercicios de extensión de rodilla y extensión de columna lumbar. Las pruebas de fuerza se realizaron en la cuarta y octava semana después de la última sesión de entrenamiento. Resultados: Al final de las ocho semanas, fue posible observar ganancias significativas en la fuerza en los músculos involucrados en el ejercicio de extensión de rodilla (p = 0,01) y en la extensión de columna lumbar (p = 0.031). Conclusión: se pudo observar que el entrenamiento con vibraciones de todo el cuerpo promovió una mejora en los niveles de fuerza en los miembros inferiores de los adultos mayores participantes del estudio.

ABSTRACT The present study was to analyze the effects of whole-body vibration exercise on strength levels in the lower limbs in elderly subjects. The sample consisted of 15 physically active individuals (62.5±2.62 years old). All volunteers were male gender. They were submitted to eight weeks of training with a vibrating platform were carried out, with sessions of 20 minutes of vibration using increasing frequencies from 15 to 30 Hz, with exposure of 30 seconds of vibration and 30 seconds of rest. Every two minutes there was an increase in the frequency of 1 Hz. The individuals were instructed to stay in the standing position with their feet shoulder-width apart, knees flexed at 130º, arms outstretched holding firmly on the machine's hand rests. The procedure was performed twice a week with an interval of one day. Strength was assessed using a dorsal dynamometer in the knee extension and lumbar spine extension exercises. Strength tests were performed in the fourth and eighth weeks after the last training session. Results: At the end of eight weeks, it was possible to observe significant gains in strength in the muscles involved in the knee extension exercise (p = 0.0001) and in the lumbar spine extension (p = 0.031) after the eight weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It was possible to observe that the whole-body vibration training promoted an improvement in the strength levels of the elderly participants in the study.

Efeito da vibração de corpo inteiro no paciente hospitalizado: revisão sistemática / Effect of whole body vibration on hospitalized patients: a systematic review

INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento com vibração de corpo inteiro (WBV, do inglês Whole Body Vibration) foi recentemente proposto como um método de treinamento com potencial para melhorar a composição corporal e prevenir osteoporose e perda de massa óssea.18 Nos últimos anos, alguns estudos mostraram que o WBV pode ser um modo de treinamento benéfico na força, resistência física, atividades relacionadas à mobilidade (transferência, equilíbrio e caminhada) em pacientes com esclerose múltipla19, diabetes tipo 220, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica21 e receptores de transplante cardíaco.22 Torna-se relevante em razão ao alto impacto na funcionalidade e consequentemente qualidade de vida dos pacientes hospitalizados. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da vibração de corpo inteiro no paciente hospitalizado. MÉTODOS: Revisão de ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados (ECR) e estudo piloto nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline e PEDro. As pesquisas nas bases de dados foram realizadas através de combinações (utilizando os conectores "AND" e "OR") através das estratégias de pesquisa PICOS pacientes hospitalizados, vibração de corpo inteiro, fisioterapia, e seus respectivos correlatos em inglês: "hospitalized patients", "whole body vibration", "physiotherapy". Utilizou-se a escala PEDro com o ponto de corte ≥5 para análise da qualidade metodológica. Os critérios de elegibilidade; incluiu pacientes adultos (com idade ≥18 anos); um desenho de ensaio clínico controlado randomizado e estudo piloto; pacientes que utilizaram a vibração de corpo inteiro no âmbito hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 6 artigos, publicados entre os anos 2014 e 2018, a terapia mostrou-se eficaz em pacientes hospitalizados, havendo significância em alguns desfechos TC6- 167,9 ± 117,46m para 263,45±22124,13m; p<0,001 e VEF1- 32,71 ±13,18% pred. para 3,71± 13,89%, entretanto não houve diferença estatística na PA e FC. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da vibração de corpo inteiro mostrou-se segura e viável em pacientes hospitalizados. O TC6 e o VEF1 apresentado em todos os artigos demonstraram significantes, entretanto não houve diferença estatística na PA e FC. Portanto, é necessário ensaios clínicos randomizados para investigar a eficácia e os efeitos adversos dessa terapia. Embora efeitos positivos tenham sido relatados, sugerimos outras investigações em maior escala com parâmetros controlados e protocolos bem elaborados.

INTRODUCTION: Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training was recently proposed as a training method with the potential to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis and bone loss.18 In recent years, some studies have shown that WBV can be a beneficial training mode in strength, physical endurance, mobilityrelated activities (transfer, balance, and walking) in patients with multiple sclerosis19, type 2 diabetes20, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease21, and recipients of heart transplantation.22 It becomes relevant due to the high impact on the functionality and consequently the quality of life of hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of whole-body vibration in hospitalized patients. METHODS: Review randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) and a pilot study in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and PEDro databases. The searches in the databases were carried out through combinations (using the "AND" and "OR" connectors) through the search strategies PICOS hospitalized patients, whole-body vibration, physiotherapy, and their respective counterparts in English: "hospitalized patients" "whole-body vibration," "physiotherapy. The PEDro scale with a cutoff point ≥5 was used to analyze the methodological quality. Eligibility criteria; included adult patients (aged ≥18 years); a randomized controlled clinical trial and pilot study design; patients who used whole-body vibration in the hospital setting. RESULTS: Six articles published between 2014 and 2018 were included. The therapy proved to be effective in hospitalized patients, with significance in some outcomes 6MWT- 167.9 ± 117.46m to 263.45 ±22124.13m; p<0.001 and FEV1-32.71 ±13.18% pred. for 3.71 ± 13.89%, however, there was no statistical difference in BP and HR. CONCLUSION: The use of whole-body vibration proved safe and viable in hospitalized patients. The 6MWT and FEV1 presented in all articles were significant. However, there was no statistical difference in BP and HR. Therefore, randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate this therapy's efficacy and adverse effects. Although positive effects have been reported, we suggest further investigations with controlled parameters and well-designed protocols on a larger scale.

Effectiveness of whole-body vibration training on exercise ability and quality of life of COPD patients: a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration training on exercise ability and quality of life in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Randomized controlled trials on the application of whole-body vibration training in COPD patients were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, Chinese biomedical literature database, and the literature was independently screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted, a literature quality evaluation was performed, and the data were meta analyzed by using RevMan5.3.Results:A total of 9 RCTs was included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that whole-body vibration training could improve the exercise endurance in COPD patients ( WMD=41.65, 95%CI 6.68-76.63, P=0.02), and improve their balance ability ( WMD=-2.31, 95%CI-3.38--1.23, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in improving BODE index, quality of life and lung function in COPD patients ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Whole-body vibration training helps improve exercise endurance and balance in COPD patients as a complementary or alternative exercise method for COPD patients. The impact on BODE index, quality of life, and lung function still needs further evaluation through clinical multicenter, large sample, high-quality research.

Comparison of effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and whole body vibration training on functional ankle instability / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and whole body vibration training (WBVT) on functional ankle instability (FAI). MethodsFrom May to July, 2021, 17 male FAI undergraduates from Beijing Sport University received PNF (n = 8) and WBVT (n = 9), for six weeks. They were assessed with Y-balance test, Pro-Kin, Kistler and Motion Analysis Raptor before and after invention, to observe Y-balance score, average trajectory error, kinematics and dynamics after jump-landing of affected limb. ResultsThe main effect of training was not significant for all the Y-balance score, average trajectory error, kinematics and dynamics (F < 4.090, P > 0.05). However, the interactive effect of training and time was significant for the range of motion of ankle flexion (F = 6.232, P = 0.030), and the effect size was more for PNF; it was also significant for the time arriving peak ground reaction force (left-right) after landing (F = 10.674, P = 0.008), and the time was latter for WBVT (P < 0.05). ConclusionPNF and WBVT are similarly effective on FAI.

Effects of whole body vibration combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity and balance gait parameters in hemiplegic patients with stroke / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Stroke patients may have various sensory-motor disorders, such as spasticity, muscle weakness or sensory damage. Spasticity affects 20% to 40% of stroke patients. Patients with spasticity may have problems such as pain, motor function damage, and the decreased range of motion, which leads to decline of activity and quality of daily life. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a technique that can improve post-stroke spasticity. Whole body vibration (WBV), as a passive neuromuscular muscle stimulation technique, can improve the posture control, muscle strength, and muscle work of different people. At present, there are still few studies using WBV combined with ESWT for the treatment of hemiplegic patients with stroke. This study aims to explore the effects of WBV combined with ESWT on spasticity of the affected lower limb and gait function in stroke patients.@*METHODS@#From March 2020 to March 2021, 50 hemiplegic patients with stroke were treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the First Hospital of Changsha and they were assigned into a control group and a combined group, 25 cases per group. Both groups carried out conventional treatment, while the control group undertook the ESWT and fake WBV based on conventional treatment, and the combined group undertook ESWT after WBV and conventional treatment. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Lower Extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and parameters of three-dimensional gait analysis including kinematic parameters (peak value of hip flexion and knee flexion) and spatiotemporal parameters (velocity, cadence and stride length) were assessed before and after 4-week treatment between the 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of treatment, MAS scores in 2 groups were lower than before (both P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.001); BBS and FMA-LE scores were higher than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the combined group was higher than the control group (both P<0.001); in the control group, the walking speed, stride frequency, and stride length were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the peak value of flexion hip and peak value of flexion knee (both P<0.05); the peak value of hip flexion, peak value of knee flexion, step speed, step frequency, and stride length in the combined group were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and were higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#WBV combined with ESWT can improve the spasticity and motor function of the affected lower extremity, balance, and gait in hemiplegic patients with stroke.

Respostas cardiopulmonares durante o exercício de agachamento dinâmico com e sem vibração de corpo inteiro em adolescentes / Cardiopulmonary responses during dynamic squatting exercise with and without wholebody vibration in adolescents

INTRODUÇÃO: A vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) tem sido amplamente utilizada como recurso terapêutico na reabilitação pediátrica. Porém, as respostas cardiopulmonares ainda são desconhecidas nesta população. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a intensidade do exercício de agachamento dinâmico com e sem VCI em adolescentes saudáveis a fim de caracterizar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental. Vinte e cinco adolescentes (14,1 ± 1,7 anos), 10 meninas e 15 meninos, foram submetidos a avaliações do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e frequência cardíaca (FC) durante um protocolo de agachamento com e sem vibração. Os critérios de inclusão foram idade entre 12 e 18 anos, ambos os sexos, IMC normal. Os critérios de exclusão foram apresentar doenças neurológicas, ortopédicas, respiratórias, cardíacas e endócrinas crônicas ou agudas ou alguma contraindicação autorreferida para VCI (trombose venosa profunda, implantes metálicos, marca-passo, epilepsia, tumores, aneurisma ou arritmia). RESULTADOS: A VCI aumentou significativamente o VO2, FC e a percepção do esforço durante o agachamento quando comparado ao repouso e agachamento sem-VCI. VCI associada ao agachamento atingiu 24,7% do VO2máx e 56% da FCmáx prevista para a idade. Os indivíduos durante a VCI relataram esforço entre ligeiramente cansativo e cansativo em comparação com entre muito fácil e fácil no protocolo Sem-VCI. CONCLUSÃO: O agachamento associado à VCI foi considerado de intensidade leve e foi tolerado por adolescentes saudáveis. Este estudo forneceu resultados válidos desta modalidade de exercício e pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta para definir o consumo de energia gasto durante a prática deste tipo treinamento.

BACKGROUND: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been widely used as a therapeutic resource in pediatric rehabilitation. However, the cardiopulmonary responses are still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intensity of dynamic squatting exercise with and without WBV in healthy adolescents to characterize cardiorespiratory responses. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study. Twentyfive adolescents (14.1 ± 1.7 years), 10 girls and 15 boys, underwent into oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) assessments during a protocol of squatting with and without vibration. Inclusion criteria were age between 12 and 18 years old of both sexes, have normal weight according to BMI. Exclusion criteria were to present chronic or acute, neurological, orthopedic, respiratory, cardiac, and endocrine disease and no self-reported contraindication for WBV (i.e. deep vein thrombosis, metal implants, pacemaker, epilepsy, tumors, arterial aneurysm, or arrhythmia). RESULTS: WBV was able to significantly increase VO2, HR, and perceived exertion during squatting exercise when compared to rest and squatting without-WBV. WBV associated with squatting reached 24.7% of the VO2max and 56% of the HRmax predicted for the age. Subjects during WBV reported a perceived exertion score between somewhat hard and hard compared to between very light and light in the Without-WBV protocol. CONCLUSION: Squatting associated with WBV was considered a light-intensity exercise that can be tolerated by healthy adolescents. This study provided valid results of this training modality and could be used as a tool to define the energy consumption spent in this training modality.

Influences of Whole Body Vibration Training on Biomechanics and Wnt3a Protein Expression in Femur of Osteoporotic Rats / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of whole body vibration training on biomechanics and Wnt3a protein expression of the femur. Methods Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, osteoporosis group and whole body vibration group, 16 in each group. The bone morphometric parameters were measured by Micro-CT, mechanical parameters of bone structure and materials were measured by three-point bending test, protein expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin was measured by Western blotting, and gene expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and tcf1 was detected by qRT-PCR. ResultsCompared with sham operation group, bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular number, trabecular thickness and cortical bone thickness in osteoporosis group were decreased, and trabecular space was increased; compared with osteoporosis group, BMD, BVF, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and cortical bone thickness in whole body vibration group were increased, and trabecular space was decreased. Compared with sham operation group, the maximum load, elastic load and deflection of osteoporosis group were significantly reduced; compared with osteoporosis group, the maximum load, elastic load and deflection of whole body vibration group were significantly increased. Compared with sham operation group, the maximum stress, elastic stress, maximum strain and elastic modulus in osteoporosis group decreased significantly; compared with the osteoporosis group, the elastic stress, maximum strain and elastic modulus in whole body vibration group increased significantly. Compared with sham operation group, Wnt3a, β-catenin protein and gene expression decreased, cyclin D1, tcf1 gene expression also decreased; compared with osteoporosis group, Wnt3a, β-catenin protein and gene expression increased, cyclin D1, tcf1 gene expression increased as well. Conclusions Whole body vibration training can improve biomechanical properties of the femur and expression of Wnt3a protein in osteoporotic rats. The research findings provide laboratory reference data for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by whole body vibration training.

Effects of Whole-body Vibration Training with Different Frequency on Balance and Core Stability for Old Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of different frequency whole-body vibration training on dynamic and static balance ability and core stability for the old adults. Methods:From January to June, 2018, 80 old subjects were randomly divided into 30 Hz group (n = 40) and 45 Hz group (n = 40), who accepted 30 Hz and 45 Hz whole-body vibration training, respectively, for twelve weeks. They were measured with the maximum distance of center of pressure (COP) forward and backward, the time standing on single foot with eye closing, the length of track of COP as standing for 30 seconds, the standing and sitting times within 30 seconds and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) before and after training. Results:The maximum distance of COP forward and backward, the time standing on single foot with eye closing and the standing and sitting times within 30 seconds increased after training in both groups (t > 7.359,P < 0.001), and was more in the 45 Hz group than in the 30 Hz group (|t| > 2.271,P < 0.05). The length of track of COP as standing for 30 seconds and the time of TUGT decreased after training in both groups (t > 6.631,P < 0.001), and was less in the 45 Hz group than in the 30 Hz group (t > 2.171,P < 0.05). Conclusion:Both 30 Hz and 45 Hz whole-body vibration training can improve the dynamic and static balance ability, the core stability and mobility for old adults, to prevent them from falls. However, it seems more effective for the 45 Hz whole-body vibration training.

Effect of vibration and electrical stimulation recovery model on delayed muscle pain of basketball pitchers / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation are often used as the main means of warming up or restoring activities before and after centrifugal exercise. However, it is unclear whether the two passive restoring methods can improve the explosive power of subjects, the range of motion of joints and the positive benefits of metabolic waste removal. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the benefits of whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation in alleviating the muscle injury of basketball pitchers after pitching using whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation to restore the shoulder joint, and provide important reference for basketball players and coaches to conduct scientific training and avoid sports injury caused by the change of pitching movements. METHODS: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Southwest Medical University, and the participants and their families signed the informed consents. Twelve college male basketball players volunteered to participate in this study. Repeated measurement and balanced sequence design were used to divide the experiment into whole body vibration recovery, electromyographic stimulation recovery and no treatment (control group); each time interval was 7 days. The participants were trained to shoot (5 innings, 25 balls/inning). After each inning, the pitchers were immediately restored for 6 minutes. The conscious muscle soreness index, range of motion, and serum contents of creatine kinase and myoglobin were detected at baseline, and 24,48 and 72 hours after pitching. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation passive recovery modes had significant positive effects on alleviating conscious muscle soreness index, serum creatine enzyme and serum myoglobin of basketball pitchers, and there was no significant difference between two modes. (2) Whole body vibration passive recovery mode had significant positive effects on restoring shoulder range of motion, but electromyographic stimulation had no significant positive effect on shoulder rotation. (3) Whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation electromyographic stimulation passive recovery modes showed no significant effect on the range of motion of recovery of elbow flexion and extension. (4) These results indicate that whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation immediate passive recovery in basketball pitching training can significantly reduce the level of related indicators of muscle injury after pitching, but only whole body vibration treatment can significantly improve the joint range of motion.

Cognitive Reaction Time Performance And Subjective Drowsiness: A Critical Evaluation Of The Effect Of Whole-Body Vibrations

@#It is believed that exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) may increase seated occupant drowsiness, and seated occupant drowsiness may contribute to vehicular accidents. Previous studies on driver comfort have indicated that long-term exposure to WBV may have an adverse effect on musculoskeletal disorders. However, the effects of WBV on seated occupants’ drowsiness have been less rigorously studied. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between exposure to WBV and drowsiness level. Laboratory experiments were designed and involved eighteen healthy male volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to random gaussian vibration for 20-minutes with the frequency between 1-15Hz. The transmitted vibration magnitude was adjusted for each volunteer to become 0.2ms-2 for low vibration magnitude and 0.4ms2 for medium vibration magnitude. Volunteers’ vigilance was measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) before and after the vibration exposure. The analyses revealed a substantial drop in volunteers’ vigilance level after exposure to vibration and the effect was more pronounced in high vibration amplitude 0.4 ms-2. These findings suggested that exposure to vibration even as low as 20-minutes may attribute to the reduction of alertness level.

Efectos de las plataformas vibratorias en la salud ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas / Effects of Vibratory Platforms on Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women

Estudios recientes han sugerido que los estímulos mecánicos (vibraciones) de alta frecuencia y baja magnitud pueden ejercer un efecto positivo sobre la morfología ósea y beneficiar su cantidad y calidad. La plataforma vibratoria es una máquina popular que se introdujo en la última década como una nueva promesa contra el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Actualmente, en el mundo hay más de 200 millones de mujeres posmenopáusicas que sufren osteoporosis. Esta enfermedad es una de las más comunes y costosas de la salud pública. El ejercicio físico complementado con el tratamiento vibratorio puede que sea considerado como una estrategia efectiva para la prevención y tratamiento de la osteoporosis posmenopáusica. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de cuestiones significativas relacionadas con la terapia con la plataforma vibratoria para la prevención y tratamiento de la osteoporosis en mujeres postmenopáusicas. El objetivo de esta revisión ha sido conocer los últimos avances de entrenamiento con plataformas vibratorias para la mejoría de la masa ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Existe una gran discrepancia respecto al uso de estas como tratamiento osteoporósico, uso de diferentes tipos de plataformas, distintas frecuencias, amplitud, aceleración o duración del tratamiento. La escasa literatura estableció que la plataforma vibratoria Galileo es la que más se utiliza en dicha población, pero se necesitan más intervenciones para concretar los beneficios y daños de este tratamiento en mujeres postmenopáusicas(AU)

Recent studies have suggested that mechanical stimuli (vibrations) of high frequency and low magnitude can exert a positive effect on bone morphology and benefit quantity and quality. The vibrating platform is a popular machine introduced in the last decade as a new promise against the treatment of osteoporosis. Currently, there are more than 200 million postmenopausal women in the world suffering from osteoporosis. This disease is one of the most common and expensive in public health. Physical exercise supplemented with vibrational treatment may be considered an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review offers an overview of significant issues related to therapy with the vibration platform for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The objective of this review is to know the latest advances in vibratory platforms training for the improvement of bone mass in postmenopausal women. There is a great discrepancy regarding the use of vibratory platforms as osteoporosis treatment, the use of different types of platforms, different frequencies, amplitude, acceleration or duration of treatment. The limited literature established that Galileo vibration platform is the most used in this population, but more interventions are needed to grasp the benefits and harms of this treatment in postmenopausal women(AU)

Possible effects of whole body vibration on bone properties in growing rats

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on bone properties in growing rats, and to explore the optimal conditions for enhancing bone properties. METHODS: Thirty-six 4-week-old male rats were divided into 1 control and 5 experimental groups. Each experimental group underwent WBV at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 Hz (0.5 g, 15 min/d, 5 d/wk) for 8 weeks.We measured bone size, muscle weight and bone mechanical strength of the right tibia. Trabecular bone mass and trabecular bone microstructure (TBMS) of the left tibia were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Serum levels of bone formation/resorption markers were also measured. RESULTS: WBV at 45 Hz and 60 Hz tended to enhance trabecular bone mass and TBMS parameters. However, there was no difference in maximum load of tibias among all groups. Serum levels of bone resorption marker were significantly higher in the 45-Hz WBV group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: WBV at 45–60 Hz may offer a potent modality for increasing bone mass during the period of rapid growth. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal WBV conditions for increasing peak bone mass and TBMS parameters. WBV modality may be a potent strategy for primary prevention against osteoporosis.

Advances in Whole Body Vibration Training for Chronic Ankle Instability (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Whole body vibration training (WBVT) is a new kind of therapeutic exercise, which can improve musculoskeletal function and motor performance by transferring vibration stimulation to the body to affect neuromuscular activity. In this paper, the clinical efficacy, mechanism and parameter setting of WBVT in the treatment of chronic ankle instability were introduced through a systematic review of relevant literatures, so as to provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of this technique.

Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Abilities of Lower Extremities for Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) on lower extremities loading, balance and walking for stroke patients based on weight-bearing training. Methods:In 2017, 70 stroke inpatients were randomly divided into control group (n = 35) and experimental group (n = 35). They all accepted routine rehabilitation and weight-bearing training, while the experimental group accepted WBV in addition, for six weeks. They were assessed with weight-bearing time, gait length and speed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) before and after treatment. Results:The weight-bearing time, gait length and speed, and the scores of BBS and FAC improved after treatment in both groups (t > 8.835, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (F > 19.644, P < 0.001). Conclusion:WBV may further improve the abilities of lower extremities for stroke patients.

Whole body vibration combined with botulinum neurotoxin A injection in the treatment of spastic diplegic cerebral palsy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective@#To observe the effect of combining whole body vibration with botulinum neurotoxin A injections on tiptoe and the gross motor function of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.@*Methods@#Sixty spastic diplegic children with tipped foot aged between 2 to 5 were equally divided into a control group and an experimental group randomly. The control group received 3 IU/kg botulinum neurotoxin A injections to the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. Then 5 daily courses of conventional training were administered 5 days a week for 3 weeks beginning 24 hours after the injections. The experimental group additionally received 2min of whole body vibration 3 or 4 times per day with one-minute rests, 5 days per week for 5 weeks. All of the children were assessed before the experiment and 1, 3 and 6 months later using the modified Tardieu scale (MTS) and the R1 and R2 ankle and dimensions D and E of the gross motor function measurement scale (GMFM-88).@*Results@#There were no significant differences between the two groups before the treatment. Afterward, the average MTS, R1, R2 and GMFM-88 scores of both groups were significantly improved. The average MTS, R1 and R2 scores of the experimental group after treatment were significantly better than the control group′s averages. The average GMFM-88 score of the experimental group was not significantly different from that of the control group after 1 month, but after 3 and 6 months significant differences emerged.@*Conclusion@#Whole body vibration improves the effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A injections in relieving tiptoe and improving the gross motor function of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Whole body vibration combined with botulinum neurotoxin A injection in the treatment of spastic diplegic cerebral palsy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effect of combining whole body vibration with botulinum neurotoxin A injections on tiptoe and the gross motor function of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods Sixty spastic diplegic children with tipped foot aged between 2 to 5 were equally divided into a control group and an ex-perimental group randomly. The control group received 3 IU/kg botulinum neurotoxin A injections to the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. Then 5 daily courses of conventional training were administered 5 days a week for 3 weeks beginning 24 hours after the injections. The experimental group additionally received 2min of whole body vibration 3 or 4 times per day with one-minute rests, 5 days per week for 5 weeks. All of the children were assessed before the experiment and 1, 3 and 6 months later using the modified Tardieu scale ( MTS) and the R1 and R2 ankle and dimensions D and E of the gross motor function measurement scale ( GMFM-88) . Results There were no significant differences between the two groups before the treatment. Afterward, the average MTS, R1, R2 and GMFM-88 scores of both groups were significantly improved. The average MTS, R1 and R2 scores of the experimental group after treatment were significantly better than the control group' s averages. The average GMFM-88 score of the experimental group was not significantly different from that of the control group after 1 month, but after 3 and 6 months significant differences emerged. Conclusion Whole body vibration improves the effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A injections in relieving tiptoe and improving the gross motor function of chil-dren with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Morphological and nociceptive effects of mechanical vibration on the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats

Aim: To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration in the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats, on nociceptive and morphological parameters, such as fiber, axon, and myelin sheath diameters, G ratio, number of nerve fiber and nuclei of Schwann cells, and percentage of connective tissue. Method: Sixty-four rats were used in the groups sham-operate and oophorectomy (n = 32/group); after surgical procedures, each group was subdivided into four: euthanized in the 12th week, untreated and treated for four weeks; and euthanized in the 16th week, untreated and treated for eight weeks. The treatment with vibration was performed with a 60 Hz frequencies, for 10 minutes, three days a week, with duration of 4 or 8 weeks. Nociception was evaluated later, in the right paw, by means of a digital analgesimeter, prior to surgery, at the beginning and at the end of the protocol. After the trial period, the sciatic nerve was dissected for examination of the general morphology of the tissue and morphometric analysis; later, the animals were euthanized. Results: Regarding nociception and the morphometry of the sciatic nerve, independent of oophorectomy and treatment time, there was no statistically significant difference within and between groups. Also, the general morphology of the tissue in all groups had characteristics that were preserved. Conclusion: The mechanical vibration did not alter the nociceptive threshold and the morphological aspects of nerve fibers in oophorectomized Wistar rats.(AU)