Aproximación teórica al diagnóstico cefalométrico de la erupción de terceros molares / Theoretical approach to the cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption

The cephalometric diagnosis of third molars, as the molar group that heads the list of dental retentions, has been very variable and controversial from the clinical to the most modern radiographic methods. A literature review was carried out from January 2017 to March 2020; consulting articles, theses and texts available in databases; enlisting a total of 33 bibliographical references from which 27 were selected. The selection criteria were the direct relation with the subject, updating level in the last 5 years, as well as their methodological quality. The objective was aimed at describing the theoretical approaches to cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption. The review showed that there is a wide variety of studies on cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption with different limitations, each one contributing with their own approach to the subject, with isolated aspects on the etiology of the abnormal eruption in foreign contexts, offering measures that do not adjust to the Cuban population, representing 72.2 % in the last 5 years, including texts, not so updated, but which were of essential consultation due to the importance of their contents. It was concluded that the theoretical approaches presented by the literature on cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption are distinguished by the use of different foreign methods in diverse populations; highlighting a Cuban method applicable to the local and national context.

El diagnóstico cefalométrico de los terceros molares, como grupo molar que encabeza la lista de retenciones dentales, ha sido muy variable y controvertido desde la parte clínica hasta los métodos radiográficos más modernos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica desde enero de 2017 hasta marzo de 2020; y se consultaron artículos, tesis y textos disponibles en bases de datos. Se copiló un total de 33 referencias bibliográficas y de ellas se seleccionaron 27. Los criterios de selección fueron la relación directa con el tema, nivel de actualización en los últimos 5 años, así como su calidad metodológica. El objetivo fue describir las aproximaciones teóricas al diagnóstico cefalométrico de la erupción de terceros molares. La revisión demostró que existe una gran variedad de estudios sobre el diagnóstico cefalométrico de la erupción de terceros molares con diferentes limitaciones, que aportan su propio enfoque al tema, con aspectos aislados sobre la etiología de la erupción anormal en contextos extranjeros, y de este modo ofrecen medidas que no se ajustan a la población cubana, con un 72,2 % en los últimos 5 años, incluyendo textos, no tan actualizados, pero que fueron de imprescindible consulta por la importancia de sus contenidos. Se concluyó que los enfoques teóricos que presenta la literatura sobre el diagnóstico cefalométrico de la erupción de los terceros molares se distinguen por la utilización de diferentes métodos foráneos en diversas poblaciones; y se destaca un método cubano aplicable al contexto local y nacional.

Validación de un modelo cefalométrico de predicción para el brote de los terceros molares / Validation of a cephalometric prediction model for third molar eruption

Introducción: La intervención temprana en el brote anormal de los terceros molares podría reducir la proporción de pacientes con las molestias asociadas y la aparición de alteraciones producto a la retención dentaria. Objetivo: Validar el modelo cefalométrico predictivo para el brote de los terceros molares desarrollado González Espangler. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en adolescentes del Instituto Preuniversitario "Rafael María de Mendive" de Santiago de Cuba durante el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2017 y marzo del 2020. Fueron empleadas dos muestras aleatorias de 21 estudiantes de 15-18 años y 29 profesionales de las ciencias de la salud. Se estudiaron variables como el sexo, color de la piel, localización, etapa de formación, espacio óseo posterior, angulación, diámetro mesiodistal, factores predictivos y tipo de brote de los terceros molares. Resultados: Predominó el tipo de brote anormal: 19,0 por ciento para la localización 1.8; 17,9 por ciento para la 2.8; 21,4 por ciento en la 3.8 y 20,2 por ciento en la posición 4.8. No existieron diferencias significativas entre las medidas promedios del espacio óseo posterior, angulación y diámetro mesiodistal con el estudio de referencia. La validación de modelo por criterio de expertos obtuvo una calificación global de concordancia entre ellos del 100 por ciento. Conclusiones: El modelo cefalométrico predictivo validado es viable en el proceso de predicción del brote de los terceros molares en la población(AU)

Introduction: Early intervention in the abnormal eruption of third molars could reduce the number of patients with associated discomfort and the appearance of alterations caused by dental retention. Objective: Validate the cephalometric prediction model for third molar eruption developed by González Espangler. Methods: A cross-sectional longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of adolescents from Rafael María de Mendive Senior High School in Santiago de Cuba from January 2017 to March 2020. The two random samples examined consisted of 21 students aged 15-18 years and 29 health sciences professionals. The variables considered were sex, skin color, location, training stage, posterior bony space, angulation, mesiodistal diameter, predictive factors and type of third molar eruption. Results: Abnormal eruption prevailed: 19.0 percent in location 1.8; 17.9 percent in 2.8; 21.4 percent in 3.8 and 20.2 percent in 4.8. Significant differences were not observed between average values for posterior bony space, angulation and mesiodistal diameter, and the study reference. Validation of the model by expert criteria obtained a global agreement score of 100 percent. Conclusions: The cephalometric prediction model validated in the study is viable for the prediction of third molar eruptions in the population(AU)

Clinical efficacy of Nd∶YAP laser in the treatment of acute wisdom tooth pericoronitis / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Nd∶YAP laser in the treatment of acute localized pericardial periodontitis. Methods A total of 120 patients with acute localized pericardial periodontitis were randomly divided into 3 groups, including Nd∶YAP laser group, minocycline group and control group (iodine glycerol group). All patients were underwent pretreatment of intracrevicular washing with 3.0％hydrogen peroxide and normal saline alternately. After the pretreatment, the patients in the Nd∶YAP laser group were given 3 min local Nb:YAP laser irradiation (1 time/d for 3 times), in the minocycline group were injected with minocycline hydrochloride ointment (1 time), and in the control group were treated with 2％iodine glycerol (1 time/d for 4 times) in gingival sulcus. One day after the treatment, the gingival index (GI), pain visual score (VAS), and opening degree of all patients were recorded, and the therapeutic effect was observed 5 days after the treatment. Results Compared with the minocycline group and the control group (iodine glycerol group), the GI value and VAS value of the Nd∶YAP laser group decreased and the openmouthed size increased (all P<0.05). At 5 days after the treatment, the patients in the Nd∶YAP laser group and the minocycline group had significant improvement in local gingival sulcusinflammation, and the total effective rate was 90％and 85％, which was significantly better than the control group (all P<0.05) and no significant difference in efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The Nd∶YAP laser treatment inacute wisdom tooth pericoronitis can significantly reduce pain and improve openmouthed size, and has a good clinical efficacy.

Application of high-speed dental handpiece and original luxator in impacted wisdom tooth extraction / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the application of high-speed dental handpiece and original luxator in the impacted wisdom tooth extraction. Methods Seventy patients with impacted wisdom teeth, who underwent impacted wisdom tooth extraction between Dec. 2016 and Dec. 2017, were selected. The patients were divided into control group (n=35) and minimally invasive group (n=35) according to the surgical options. The patients in the control group received conventional tooth extraction, and the patients in the minimally invasive group received tooth extraction using high-speed dental handpiece and original luxator. The surgical parameters (extraction integrity, mouth restriction, swelling and operation time), pain extent, complications and the quality of life after operation (psychological function, physiological function, physical pain, vitality) were compared between the two groups. Results The surgical parameters, including extraction integrity, mouth restriction, swelling and operation time, were significantly better in the minimally invasive group than those in the control group (all P0.05). After extraction, the VAS score was significantly lower in the minimally invasive group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the minimally invasive group was 11.43% (4/35), which was significantly lower than that in the control group (34.29% [12/35], P<0.05). At 3 months after extraction, the scores of psychological function and the other quality of life scores were significantly higher in the minimally invasive group than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Application of high-speed dental handpiece and original luxator in impacted wisdom tooth extraction can significantly improve the treatment efficacy and reduce complication incidence.

An anatomical study of the lingual nerve in the lower third molar area / 대한해부학회지

The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and its injury is one of the major complications during oral surgery. This study aims to investigate the anatomy of the LN in the lower third molar area. Twenty sides from ten fresh-frozen adult cadaveric Caucasian heads were examined to measure the diameter of the LN. The mean diameter of the LN was 2.20±0.37 mm (range, 1.61–2.95 mm). There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements between sexes, sides, or tooth status (dentulous or edentulous). Understanding the anatomical features of the LN is essential for performing any surgical procedure in the oral region.

Intra-alveolar extraction of impacted distoangular mandibular third molars: A novel technique

Recent trends in maxillofacial surgery are to reduce the trauma to the adjacent soft tissue. The distoangular impaction presents a challenge to the maxillofacial surgeon and also results in more surgical morbidity. Here, we present a minimally invasive extraction technique for the distoangular mandibular third molar impaction.

Clinical analysis of pericoronitis in yunnan college ethnic students / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To study and compare the recurrence rate of wisdom tooth pericoronitis and impacted tooth types of Yunnan college ethnic student. @*Methods @# 549 cases of pericoronitis of wisdom tooth from Yunnan college ethnic students were randomly selected by recording clinical symptom, recurrence situations and impacted tooth types by professional dentists, then clinical data was statistical analyzed.@*Results@# Most of pericoronitis (58.65%) was caused by vertical impaction of mandibular wisdom tooth. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between Han ethnic groups and Minority ethnic groups of impacted tooth types. But there was significant difference (P<0.01) between Han ethnic groups and Minority ethnic groups of pericoronitis of wisdom tooth and recurrence rate.@*Conclusions @#There was higher rate of incidence and recurrence rate of pericoronitis of minority students.

Clinical Observation of Ornidazole Combined with Jinzhi Jieyin Gargle in the Treatment of Acute Wisdom Tooth Pericoronitis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of ornidazole combined with Jinzhi jieyin gargle in the treatment of acute wisdom tooth pericoronitis. METHODS:110 patients with acute wisdom tooth pericoronitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given one Ornidazole tablet,ground into fine powder in sterile bottle. Checking oral cavity carefully before treatment,Hydrogen peroxide solution (3%) and 0.9% Sodium chloride injection were in sterile syringe to repeatedly and alternatively flushing peripheral tissue to clean the food residuals,bacteria and pus in gingival pock-et,until spilled solution was clear and no purulent. Sterile cotton swabs were used to blot up and separate it from the wet. After sep-arating gingival valve by probe,ornidazole fine powder was put into gingival pocket and pressed into deep area by tampons,and kept tampons,once a day + 2 Amoxicillin capsules,3 times a day. Observation group was additionally given 10 ml Jinzhi jieyin gargle in mouth for 3 min after the spilled solution was clear and no purulent,for 2 times,then ornidazole fine powder was put in-to blind pouch. 10 ml was taken in mouth for 3 min after three meals per day. The treatment course for both groups was 4 d. Clini-cal efficacy,main symptom and total scores of main symptoms,secondary symptom and total scores of secondary symptoms be-fore and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in obser-vation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ornidazole combined with Jinzhi jieyin gargle has better efficacy than only ornidazole in the treatment of acute wisdom tooth pericoronitis,it can significantly reduce the main symptom scores and secondary symptom scores,with similar safety.

Analgesic Effect Observation of Shixin Buccal Tablets on Pericoronitis of Wisdom Tooth / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe analgesic effect and safety of Shixin buccal tablets on pericoronitis of wisdom tooth. METHODS:120 patients with pericoronitis of wisdom tooth were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 60 cases in each group. Control group received periodontal pocket irrigation combined with metronidazole;observation group was additionally given Shixin buccal tablets on the basis of control group,1 tablet/time,4 times/d. Clinical efficacy,medication compli-ance,pain score and ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The effective rate of observation group(95.00%)was sig-nificantly higher than that of control group(73.33%),with statistical significance(P0.05);the pain score of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). No serious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Shixin buccal tablets significantly alleviate the pain caused by pericoronitis of wisdom tooth.

Caracterización de la formación y el desarrollo de los terceros molares / Characterization of the formation and development of the third molars i: en

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Departamento de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente "Mártires del Moncada" de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a caracterizar la formación y desarrollo de los terceros molares según edad, localización, sexo y grupo étnico, en el período de mayo de 2010 a igual mes de 2011. La información necesaria se obtuvo de las historias clínicas y radiografías panorámicas de los pacientes ingresados en dicho Departamento. En la casuística, la edad promedio de aparición de la cripta fue a los 8,7 años y de los movimientos eruptivos a los 11-12,2 años; asimismo se concluyó que la arcada inferior, el sexo masculino y la raza negra se adelantaron en alcanzar las diferentes etapas de formación y desarrollo de los cordales. Se recomendó llevar a cabo otra investigación al respecto, pero con un número mayor de pacientes y en edades más tempranas, así como proponer un esquema de formación y desarrollo para el tercer molar en el territorio.

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontics of "Martires del Moncada" Provincial School of Dentistry in Santiago de Cuba, with the purpose of characterizing the formation and development of the third molars according to age, location, gender and ethnicity, in the period of May 2010 to the same month of 2011. The necessary information was obtained from medical records and panoramic x-rays of patients admitted to this department. In the case series the average age of the crypt onset was 8.7 years and the eruptive movements from 11 to 12.2 years; it was also concluded that the lower arch, male sex and black race were advanced to reach the different stages of formation and development of wisdom teeth. It was recommended to carry out another study on this, but with a greater number of patients and at younger ages, and to propose a scheme of the third molar formation and development in the territory.

Garré's Osteomyelitis of the Mandible Caused by an Infected Wisdom Tooth / Oral Science International

Garré's osteomyelitis is generally considered to be synonymous with chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis and occurs most commonly in the first molar region of the mandible. We report a case of Garré's osteomyelitis caused by the infected tooth-germ of a wisdom tooth. A 12-year-old boy had a swelling of the right cheek and his right mandibular second molar was covered by gingiva with pus retention. X-ray examination showed a radiolucent area around the impacted tooth-germ of the wisdom tooth and extracortical new bone at the angle of the mandible. After preoperative treatment with antibiotics, the tooth-germ and extracortical bone were removed. The antibiotics treatment was continued for 18 days postoperation. No recurrence of pain or swelling has been observed thereafter.

Effect of Ornidazol on acute pericoronitis of wisdom tooth / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Ornidazol on acute pericoronitis of wisdom tooth (PWT).Methods125 patients with PWT were randomly divided into the experiment group (63 cases, treated with Ornidazol) and control group (62 cases, treated with Metronidazole). The curative effect was observed when teeth extracted.ResultsThe effective rate of the experiment group was 95.2%, that of control group was 82.2%. There was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionOrnidazol has an obvious effect on acute PWT.

Extraction of impacted lower mandibular wisdom teeth by turbine drill / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the feasibility of extraction of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth using turbine drill.Methods:Fifty-one patients with impacted mandibular wisdom teeth on both sides were included.In each patient the two wisdom teeth were randomly divided into test and control groups,the tooth on one side was extracted by means of turbine drill and that on another side by dental chisel method.The operation time,postoperative swell and pain were recorded to assess the effects of the methods.Results:In the extraction of deeply impacted teeth the operation time by turbine drill was shorter(P