Estimation of AIDS epidemic in Wuhan using Workbook model / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To estimate the current status of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Wuhan in 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for developing HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. Methods A Workbook model was used to estimate the 2017 HIV/AIDS epidemic in Wuhan using Wuhan demographic data and HIV/AIDS epidemiological data. The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in gender and transmission routes between the epidemic estimates and the case report data. Results It was estimated that there were 6,008 surviving adult HIV/AIDS cases in Wuhan in 2017. The estimated prevalence of HIV infection in Wuhan was 0.064% in 2017. The estimated detection rate for HIV/AIDS was 75.0%. Among the 6,008 adult HIV/AIDS cases, 4,017 (66.9%) were transmitted through homosexual behaviors, 1,803 (30.0%) were transmitted through heterosexual behaviors, and 188 (3.1%) were transmitted through injecting drugs. The estimated detection rates of HIV/AIDS cases infected by homosexual behavior, heterosexual behavior and drug injection were respectively 73.89%, 78.81% and 48.94%. Conclusion The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Wuhan was still in a low prevalence state, but nearly a quarter of the infected HIV/AIDS cases had not been detected yet. Homosexual behaviors contributed most to HIV/AIDS epidemic in Wuhan, and heterosexual behaviors among spouse/fixed sexual partners also accounted for a certain proportion of HIV/AIDS epidemic. In order to further improve HIV detection rate and curb HIV transmission, it is necessary to explore more effective HIV monitoring and testing practices to detect HIV/AIDS cases as early as possible, especially among high-risk populations and their sexual partners.

Validation of a proposed instructional workbook in the teaching of cells, carbohydrates and proteins in college biochemistry / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#An instructional workbook for students taking biochemistry in Libya was developed. The research aimed to understand the level of acceptability to selected local biochemistry faculty and their perception of the basis for recommending the proposed instructional workbook. The study also aimed to determine the effect of sex, age, length of service and educational attainment on acceptability and recommendation. @*METHODS@#The study utilized the descriptive method of research to develop and validate an instructional material for biochemistry. Faculty from a private university teaching college-level biochemistry were given a copy of the instructional material whose topics included the cell, carbohydrates and proteins. The respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire to validate the instructional material based on objectives, content, usefulness, clarity, presentation, language and style, and evaluation. @*RESULTS@#The respondents level of acceptance in terms of the learning objectives was high with a grand weighted mean of 3.55. Content, usefulness, clarity, presentation, evaluation, and language and style were rated as acceptable. Age, length of service and educational attainment had significant impact on the acceptability of the proposed instructional workbook in terms of all seven criteria, except for age which was not significant for language and style. @*CONCLUSION@#Faculty teaching biochemistry have rated as acceptable the proposed instructional workbook on cell, carbohydrates and proteins and recommend its use as a teaching tool. The proposed workbook may be considered for use as a standard tool for teaching biochemistry in Libya.

Development and Educational Effect of Nutrition Education Workbook for Improvement of Child Picky Eaters: Focused on 2nd and 3rd Graders

This study was conducted to develop a nutrition education workbook to improve picky eating in children and to evaluate the effect of nutrition education using this developed workbook. The developed workbook focused on 2nd and 3rd grade students and consisted of five units. The contents included: multi-grain, vegetables (2 units), fish, and milk. The activities, including observation, and learning the roles and names of the foods, were developed mainly to increase motivation for eating a balanced diet. This workbook was developed from April to December 2008, and was applied at 15 elementary schools containing 1,674 students from April to September 2009 in Changwon City, Korea. We evaluated changes in knowledge before and after education on nutrition, eating behavior, dietary habits, and educational activities using self-administered questionnaires. The children demonstrated significant improvements in nutritional knowledge (P<0.001), eating behavior (P<0.001), and dietary habits (P<0.001). Most of the children answered that the education program was helpful and exciting. Based on these results, we believe that the developed workbook is suitable for children picky eaters, and hope it will be used in the field of child nutrition education.