Effect of Dates of Sowing and Plant Geometry on Yield and Economics of Ricebean (Vigna umbellata L.)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2022 at College of Agriculture, Kalaburagi to evaluate the effect of dates of sowing and plant geometry on yield and economics of ricebean. The experiment was laid out in Split plot design with three replications. The experiment was comprised of two factors viz., dates of sowing in main plot with four dates i.e. second fortnight of July, first fortnight of August, second fortnight of August and first fortnight of September and spacing in sub plot with three plant geometry i.e. 30 cm x 10 cm, 45 cm x 10 cm and 60 cm x 10 cm. The results of the experiment indicated that ricebean sown during first fortnight of August recorded significantly higher seed yield and stover yield (1016 kg ha-1 and 2574 kg ha-1, respectively) besides higher gross returns (?. 63547 ha-1), net returns (?. 39300 ha-1) and Benefit Cost ratio (2.62). Among different plant geometry, 30 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher seed and stover yield (1009 kg ha-1 and 2302 kg ha-1, respectively) besides higher gross returns (?. 62852 ha-1), net returns (? 38205 ha-1) and BC ratio (2.55). Further, it was onpar with 45 cm x 10 cm plant geometry (989 kg ha-1, 2253 kg ha-1, ?. 61583 ha-1, ?. 37355 ha-1 & 2.54, seed yield, stover yield, gross returns, net returns & BC ratio, respectively). The interaction between dates of sowing and plant geometry on yield attributes, yield and economics was found non significant.

Effect of Micronutrients on Productivity and Profitability of Pea (Pisum sativum sub sp. hortense)

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of micronutrients on productivity and profitability of pea (Pisum sativum sub sp. hortense) at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during the winter season of 2019- 2020. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments including control with different concentrations of boron and zinc applied to the pea crop viz., Control, Boron-20(0.06%), Boron-20(0.09%), ZnSo4 (0.03%), ZnSo4 (0.05%), Boron-20(0.06%) + ZnSo4(0.03%), Boron-20(0.06%) + ZnSo4(0.05%), Boron-20(0.09%)+ ZnSo4(0.03%) and Boron-20(0.09%)+ZnSo4 (0.05%) which were replicated thrice. Garden Pea variety “Azad Pea-3” was sown at row to row spacing of 30 cm x plant to plant spacing of 10 cm. The crop was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 40 kg K2O /ha through urea and diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash. However, Zinc and boron was applied through zinc sulphate and borax as per the requirement of the treatments. The results indicated that the application B-20(0.09%) + ZnSO4(0.05%) recorded the highest quantity of seeds per pod (9.27g) number of pods per plant (25.63), yield per plant (64.23g), fruit yield (135.37 q/ha) which was closely followed by application of B-20(0.09%)+ZnSO4(0.03%). Further, application B-20(0.09%) + ZnSO4(0.05%) recoded higher B:C ratio (4.06) as compared to control (2.72). Thus, application of B-20(0.09%) + ZnSO4(0.05%) was found to the best treatment among all the treatments in improving the productivity of garden pea for the resource poor farmers of India.

Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen Levels in Summer Pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat during summer season of 2022 on loamy sand. The experiment comprised of nine treatment combinations. Significantly higher plant height, earhead/plant, length of earhead, girth of earhead, test weight, grain and straw yield as well as protein content were recorded under 120 kg N/ha and application of nitrogen at 25% as basal + 75% as top dressing. The same level of nitrogen along with split application of nitrogen provided maximum net realization value and BCR. Application of 150 kg N/ha and split application of nitrogen 40% as basal + 60% as top dressing were at par with 120 kg N/ha and 25% as basal + 75% as top dressing, respectively.

Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Economics of HDPS Cotton

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2022 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and mepiquat chloride on the yield and economics of HDPS cotton. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of this experiment revealed that application of T9: 125% RDN applied in splits at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS along with 2 sprays of 5% mepiquat chloride at 45 and 60 DAS recorded significantly higher number of bolls plant-1 (11.7), boll weight (4.49 g) and seed cotton yield (2484 kg ha-1). In terms of economic analysis, this treatment also exhibited the highest gross returns (? 1,78,872 ha-1), net returns (? 1,03,878 ha-1) and BC ratio (2.39). Conversely, the application of T1: 75% RDN in recommended splits of 20, 40, 60, 80 DAS recorded the lowest number of bolls plant-1 (8.0), boll weight (2.53 g) and seed cotton yield (1402 kg ha-1), as well as lower gross returns (? 1,02,766 ha-1), net returns (? 33,802 ha-1) and BC ratio (1.50). Based on these findings, it is recommended to adopt the practice of applying T9: 125% RDN (150 kg N ha-1) in splits at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS along with 2 sprays of 5% mepiquat chloride at 45 and 60 DAS to achieve maximum yield and economic returns of HDPS cotton.

Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Herb Yield and Economics of Kalmegh (Andrographis panniculata Wall. Ex. Nees. ) var. CIM Megha

Aim: To study the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, herb yield and economics of kalmegh.Study Design: The experiment was carried out with 13 treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: The research trial was carried out at P.G students research block, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, SKLTSHU, Hyderabad during Kharif, 2021.Results: Among the organic and biofertilizer treatments combinations the results reported that the (T6): 75 % N through VC + 12.5 % N through NC + 12.5 % N through PM + AMC recorded the highest herb yield and Benefit cost ratio compared to other treatments.Conclusion: Organic produce fetches higher price in market compared to inorganic produce, which helped in increasing the gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio.

Effects of Nitrogen and Gibberellic acid on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)

The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season 2022-23 at Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P.). The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design consisting of 10 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The treatments consist of 3 levels of Nitrogen (60, 80 and 100 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Gibberellic acid (25, 50 and 75 ppm). The treatment combinations are as follows, T1 – [Nitrogen (60 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (25ppm)], T2 – [Nitrogen (60 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (50ppm)], T3 – [Nitrogen (60 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)], T4 – [Nitrogen (80 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (25ppm)], T5 – [Nitrogen (80 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (50ppm)], T6 – [Nitrogen (80 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)], T7 – [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (25ppm)], T8 – [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid 50ppm)], T9 – [Nitrogen 100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)] and T10 – [Control]. The results showed that treatment 9 [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)] recorded significantly higher plant height (188.83 cm), maximum number of leaves/plant (15.00), higher plant dry weight (71.29 g), maximum stem thickness (2.40 cm), higher green forage yield (43.55 t/ha) and maximum moisture content (83.45 %) compare to all other treatments. The maximum gross return (108875.00 INR/ha), net return (71914.35 INR/ha) and highest B:C ratio (1.94) was recorded in treatment 9 application of [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)] as compared to all other treatments.

Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in soil reaction (pH 8), low level of organic carbon (0.28%), available N (219 kg/ha), P (11.6 kg/ha) and K (217.2 kg/ha). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design consisting of 10 treatments with 3 different levels of phosphorus 40 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 60 kg/ha and different levels of potassium 25, 30 and 35 with three replications and the treatments were allocated randomly in each replication. On the topic “Effect of phosphorus and potassium on growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)”. The results showed that T9 with the application of phosphorus (60 kg/ha) + potassium (35 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (43.81cm), higher plant nodules (40.11), higher plant dry weight (8 g), maximum crop growth rate (8.5 g/m2/day), maximum number of pods/plant (36.61), higher seed yield (1115.62 t/ha) compared to other treatments. The maximum gross returns (98297.69 INR/ha), maximum net returns (64701.09 INR/ha) and benefit ratio (1.93) was recorded in T9 with the application of phosphorus (60kg/ha) + potassium (35 kg/ha) as compared to other treatments. Minimum parameters were recorded in treatment 10 control plot with RDF 20:40:20 kg/ha NPK.

Effect of Sulphur and Foliar Application of Iron on Yield and Economics of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, (U.P) India to study the Effect of Sulphur and foliar application of Iron on Yield and Economics of Lentil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of two factors viz., Sulphur (20, 30, 40 kg/ha), Iron (control, 0.3%, 0.5%) and a Control (20-40-20 NPK kg/ha). There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.9), Organic carbon (0.112%), available N (278.93 kg/ha), available P (10.8 kg/ha), and available K (206.4 kg/ha). Application of Sulphur and foliar application of Iron significantly influenced the yield and economics over control. Results revealed that yield attributes like more number of pods per plant (162.40), more number of seeds per pod (2.53), higher seed yield (1556.19 kg/ha) and higher stover yield (2868.3 kg/ha) were recorded with application of Sulphur 40 kg/ha + Iron 0.5%. Maximum gross returns (85590.45 INR/ha), net returns (57460.45 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.04) were also recorded in same treatment T9 (Sulphur 40 kg/ha + Iron 0.5%).

Influence of Biofertilizers and Organic Liquid Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Summer season 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences Prayagraj (U.P) to determine the “Influence of biofertilizers and organic liquid nutrients on growth, yield and economics of maize (Zea mays L.). The results showed that treatment 8 [Azotobacter (12.5 g/kg) + Azospirillum (12.5 g/kg) + Panchagavya (4%) recorded significantly higher plant height (172.43 cm), higher plant dry weight (135.93 g), maximum number of cobs/plant (1.53), maximum rows/cob (16.00), maximum seeds/row (26.76), higher seed index (24.83 g), higher seed yield (6.33 t/ha), higher stover yield (19.80 t/ha), maximum gross returns (144,420.60 INR/ha), maximum net returns (102,245.60 INR/ha) and highest benefit cost ratio (2.42) was also recorded in treatment 8 [ Azotobacter (12.5 g/kg) + Azospirillum (12.5 g/kg) + Panchagavya (4%)] as compared to other treatments.