Associations of screen time with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents / Associação do tempo de tela com sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the associations between self-reported screen time and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 982 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years, enrolled in public schools in Jacarezinho (PR), Brazil. Screen time was assessed by the question "Considering a typical day, how much time do you spend watching TV, playing videogame, using computer or smartphone?" The DASS-21 questionnaire (short form) was used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Crude and adjusted analyses (age, sex, and maternal level of education) between screen time and mental disorders symptoms were performed using general linear regression models, with Poisson distribution, with significance level at p<0.05. Results: Higher depressive symptoms were observed in adolescents who reported screen time of 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13-1.61) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.88, 95%CI 1.62-2.19), compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. The same was observed for anxiety symptoms with screen time of 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.23, 95%CI 1.04-1.46) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.50, 95%CI 1.28-1.77); and stress, with 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.25, 95%CI 1.08-1.44) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.49, 95%CI 1.30-1.71), also compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. Conclusions: Screen time was positively associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. Special attention should be given to those who spend more than four hours a day in front of a screen.

RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a associação entre o tempo de tela autorreportado e os sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo com delineamento transversal com 982 adolescentes entre 12-15 anos, matriculados na rede pública de ensino da cidade de Jacarezinho (PR). Para mensurar o tempo de tela, os adolescentes responderam à pergunta: "Considerando um dia típico, quanto tempo você passa assistindo TV, jogando videogame, usando computador ou smartphone?". O questionário DASS-21 (versão curta) foi utilizado para avaliar os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Análises brutas e ajustadas (idade, sexo e nível de escolaridade materna) entre tempo de tela e indicadores de saúde mental foram realizadas por meio do modelo de regressão linear generalizado, com distribuição de Poisson, adotando a significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Maiores sintomas depressivos foram observados em adolescentes com tempo de tela de 4-6 horas/dia (RP 1,35, IC95% 1,13-1,61) e ≥6 horas/dia (RP 1,88, IC95% 1,62-2,19) quando comparados com seus pares com ≤2 horas/dia. O mesmo foi observado para os sintomas de ansiedade com tempo de tela de 4-6 horas/dia (RP 1,23, IC95% 1,04-1,46) e ≥6 horas/dia (RP 1,50, IC95% 1,28-1,77); e estresse, com 4-6 horas/dia (RP 1,25, IC95% 1,08-1,44) e ≥6 horas/dia (RP 1,49, IC95% 1,30-1,71), também comparados com seus pares com ≤2 horas/dia. Conclusões: O tempo de tela foi associado positivamente com os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adolescentes. Atenção especial deve ser dada àqueles que passam mais de quatro horas por dia em frente a uma tela.

A systematic review of aggression and empathy / Una revisión sistemática de la agresión y la empatía

Abstract The evidence on the relationships between aggression and empathy is unclear in the literature. A recent meta- analysis indicated that associations are limited, while repeated research in recent years has reported both positive and negative correlations. This systematic review seeks to establish the current evidence on different studies that have been conducted on the relationships between proactive and reactive aggressive behavior and empathy, from the cognitive and affective subdomains, in adolescents, youth and young adults. Method: Systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: 8 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described and discrepancies between the associations of the two variables addressed are reported. Conclusion: there seems to be a certain degree of acceptance of the inhibitory role of empathy against aggression, particularly that of affective empathy. No conclusive results were found for cognitive empathy with the different types of aggression.

Resumen La evidencia sobre las relaciones entre la agresión y la empatía no están claras en la literatura. Un metaanálisis reciente indicó que las asociaciones son limitadas, mientras que reiteradas investigaciones de los últimos años han reportado correlaciones positivas y negativas. Esta revisión sistemática busca establecer la evidencia actual sobre diferentes estudios que se han llevado a cabo sobre las relaciones entre la conducta agresiva de tipo proactivo y reactivo y la empatía, desde los subdominios cognitivo y afectivo, en adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos jóvenes. Método: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: se encontraron 8 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión descritos y se reportan las discrepancias entre las asociaciones de las dos variables abordadas. Conclusión: parece haber cierto grado aceptación en el papel inhibidor de la empatía frente a la agresión, de manera relevante el de la empatía afectiva. No se encontraron resultados concluyentes de la empatía cognitiva con los diferentes tipos de agresión.

Evolución de las Tasas de Suicidio en México (1998-2021): Un análisis por sexo y depresión / Evolution of Suicide Rates in Mexico (1998-2021): A sex and depression analysis

Resumen México tiene alarmantes tasas de suicidios de adolescentes y jóvenes. Por ello el objetivo de la investigación fue explicar cómo la depresión influye en la manifestación de pensamientos e intentos suicidas en jóvenes y, además, conocer si los suicidios en el país varían de manera significativa según el sexo de estos. Los métodos utilizados para probar dichos supuestos fueron el método de clasificación denominado CHAID, índices simples y diferencia de medias. Los resultados para Sonora, México demuestran que existe conexión entre depresión y la manifestación de pensamientos e intentos suicidas en adolescentes (X2 Ideación suicida >200, P-Valor < 0.01; X2 Intento suicida >77, P-Valor < 0.01). Además, el número de suicidios de jóvenes en el país, de 1998 a 2021, en promedio son diferentes entre la mujer y el hombre (T-Student = 15.32, P-Valor < 0.05; Media de suicidios en hombres = 1150, Media de suicidios en mujeres = 357). Se concluye una marcada prevalencia de depresión en jóvenes, vinculada al aumento de suicidios en México, especialmente en mujeres. Esto resalta la urgencia de implementar estrategias preventivas específicas por sexo y promover la concienciación temprana.

Abstract Mexico has alarming suicide rates among adolescents and young people. Therefore the objective of the research was to explain how depression influences the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in young people and, in addition, to know if suicides in the country vary significantly according to their sex. The CHAID classification method, simple indexes, and mean difference were used to test these assumptions. The results for Sonora, Mexico show that there is a connection between depression and the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescents (X2 Suicidal ideation >200, P-value < 0.01; X2 Suicidal attempt >77, P-value < 0.01). In addition, the number of youth suicides in the country from 1998 to 2021 on average is different between females and males (T-Student = 15.32, P-Value < 0.05; Mean number of suicides in males = 1150, Mean number of suicides in females = 357). We conclude a marked prevalence of depression in young people, is linked to the increase in suicides in Mexico, especially in women. This highlights the urgency of implementing gender-specific preventive strategies and promoting early awareness.

Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale and psychometric properties among undergraduate students / Versão em português da Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale e propriedades psicométricas entre estudantes universitários

Abstract The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual's attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose.

Resumo O uso de preservativos pode ser influenciado por aspectos psicológicos e socioculturais, que podem ser modulados por atitudes individuais. O objetivo foi propor uma versão em português brasileiro da Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), descrevendo os procedimentos de tradução, adaptação transcultural e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de universitários. Trata-se de estudo transversal com estudantes matriculados na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61,2% feminino; média de idade: 22 anos; desvio-padrão: quatro anos). Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória. O modelo unifatorial com sete itens apresentou boa validade fatorial e confiabilidade, sugerindo ser a melhor solução fatorial para a Short-Form CAS. Há poucos estudos sobre os fatores comportamentais associados ao uso de preservativos em populações-chave, o que pode ser influenciado pela falta de instrumentos. A principal contribuição deste estudo foi propor uma versão simples e adaptada transculturalmente da Short-Form CAS com algumas propriedades psicométricas verificadas. Uma vez que o uso de preservativos é um componente do comportamento sexual de risco, a escala se apresenta como uma nova opção para futuros estudos na população brasileira.

A study to assess the prevalence and pattern of internet addiction among medical students in Patna, Bihar

Background: Internet use has evolved into an inseparable routine of human life, and it has revolutionized the world with its infinite possibilities. This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern, associated factors and its consequences/side effects of Internet addiction among medical students in Patna, Bihar. Methods: This is a cross sectional study done among 400 students in tertiary care centre of Bihar. The 20-item Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to measure internet addiction. Results: Out of 400 participants, 38.3% were mild, 25% moderate and 3.5% were severely addicted to internet. Feeling bored was the triggering factor for increased use, apart from using this for academics, entertainment, and social media. Conclusions: Internet use can have an addictive potential and can become a behavioural disorder, if used for long which can ultimately interfere in our daily activities. Thus, assessing the problem at regular interval will give an insight to planning in future.

Inclusão social pelo trabalho: percepções da primeira experiência de emprego em jovens de baixa renda / Social inclusion through work: perceptions of the first employment experience in low income young people / Inclusión social a través del trabajo: percepciones de la primera experiencia laboral en jóvenes de bajos ingresos

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo propor um modelo cognitivo/explicativo que represente as mudanças que podem ser incorporadas à vida de jovens de baixa renda, a partir de sua primeira experiência de emprego formal. MÉTODO: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 25 jovens beneficiários do Programa Primeiro Emprego/BA, que participaram de grupos focais on-line. Para a análise, as falas foram inicialmente categorizadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e, em seguida, visando uma sistematização e o estabelecimento de uma relação entre as categorias adotadas, foi utilizada a técnica do mapeamento cognitivo. RESULTADOS: A partir da análise das falas dos jovens, foram identificados 29 núcleos de sentidos, distribuídos em torno da tríade indivíduo- trabalho-sociedade. Entre as mudanças pessoais percebidas, destacam-se a valorização e o crescimento pessoal, assim como questões financeiras. Nas mudanças laborais, o aumento da empregabilidade como resultado da maior qualificação profissional e das novas habilidades técnicas adquiridas foi amplamente citado. Por fim, no que diz respeito às mudanças sociais, a percepção de alteração do status social ficou evidente. A maioria das mudanças observadas foram positivas e indicaram um aumento na qualidade de vida dos jovens de baixa renda. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se, portanto, que para uma modificação dos padrões de reprodução da força de trabalho juvenil, baseados na precarização e na subalternidade, é necessária uma transformação da realidade laboral dos seus atores.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose a cognitive/explanatory model that represents the changes that can be incorporated into the lives of low-income young people, from their first experience of formal employment. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 25 young beneficiaries of the First Employment Program/ BA, who participated in online focus groups. For the analysis, the speeches were initially categorized through thematic content analysis and, then, aiming at systematization and the establishment of a relationship between the adopted categories, the cognitive mapping technique was used. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of the young people's statements, 29 nuclei of meanings were identified, and distributed around the individual-work-society triad. Among the perceived personal changes, valorization and personal growth stand out, as well as financial issues. In terms of job changes, the increase in employability as a result of higher professional qualifications and new technical skills acquired was widely cited. Finally, with regard to social changes, the perception of change in social status was evident. Most of the changes observed were positive and indicated an increase in the quality of life of low-income youth. CONCLUSION: It is concluded, therefore, that for a change in the system, a transformation of the work reality of its actors is necessary.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer un modelo cognitivo/explicativo que represente los cambios que pueden incorporarse en la vida de jóvenes de bajos ingresos, a partir de su primera experiencia de empleo formal. MÉTODO: La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 25 jóvenes beneficiarios del Programa Primeiro Emprego/BA, que participaron de grupos focales en línea. Para el análisis, los enunciados fueron inicialmente categorizados a través del análisis de contenido temático y luego, con el objetivo de sistematizar y establecer una relación entre las categorías adoptadas se utilizó la técnica del mapeo cognitivo. RESULTADOS: A partir del análisis de los enunciados de los jóvenes, se identificaron 29 centros de significado, distribuidos en torno a la tríada individuo-trabajo-sociedad. Entre los cambios personales percibidos se destacan la apreciación y el crecimiento personal, así como las cuestiones financieras. En los cambios laborales se citó ampliamente el aumento de la empleabilidad como consecuencia de una mayor cualificación profesional y de nuevas competencias técnicas adquiridas. Finalmente, en lo que respecta a los cambios sociales, se hizo evidente la percepción de cambios en el estatus social. La mayoría de los cambios observados fueron positivos e indicaron un aumento en la calidad de vida de los jóvenes de bajos ingresos. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye, por tanto, que para modificar los patrones de reproducción de la fuerza laboral juvenil, basados en la precariedad y la subalternidad, es necesaria una transformación de la realidad laboral de sus actores.

Inequidad y violencia de género: percepciones de universitarios del sur de Chile / Inequality and gender violence: perceptions of university students in southern Chile / Desigualdade e violência de gênero: percepções de estudantes universitários no sul do Chile

Resumen (analítico) Analizamos las maneras en que jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad Austral de Chile interpretan la inequidad y violencia de género, y qué posicionamientos adoptan al respecto. Desde una metodología cualitativa, estudiamos testimonios orales y escritos de 12 estudiantes de pre y posgrado de la Universidad Austral de Chile, siguiendo la teoría fundamentada constructivista. Los resultados evidencian que algunas interpretaciones y posicionamientos reciben la influencia de experiencias directas e indirectas de violencia y del acceso a diversas fuentes de conocimiento. En consecuencia, los individuos jóvenes manifiestan distintos estadios de comprensión, conciencia y reflexión crítica sobre el fenómeno, así como posicionamientos predominantemente críticos/activos o acríticos/pasivos. Finalmente, proponen estrategias para erradicar la violencia de género, como la creación de espacios coeducativos, la flexibilización de heteronormas y la integración de disidencias.

Abstract (analytical) The ways in which young people who are students at the Austral University of Chile interpret inequality and gender violence and the positions they adopt towards these phenomena. A qualitative met-hodology was used to analyze oral and written testimonies from 12 pre and postgraduate students at the university in accordance with constructivist grounded theory. The results show that the students' interpretations and positions are influenced by their direct and indirect experiences of violence, as well as their access to different sources of knowledge. As a result, young people demonstrate different stages of understanding, awareness and critical reflection of this phenomenon, as well as expressing either critical/active or uncritical/passive positions. Finally, the university students proposed strategies to eradicate gender violence, including the creation of coeducational spaces, making heteronormative practices more flexible and integrating dissenting opinions.

Resumo (analítico) Se analisa as maneiras em que os jovens estudantes da Universidad Austral de Chile interpretam a desigualdade e violência de gênero e qué posicionamientos adotam a respeito. A partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, analisamos depoimentos orais e escritos de 12 estudantes de pré e pós-graduação da Universidade Austral do Chile, seguindo a teoria fundamental construtivista. Os resultados evidenciam que interpretações e posicionamentos são influenciados por experiências diretas e indiretas de violência e pelo acesso a diversas fontes de conhecimento. Em consequência, os/as jovens manifestam diferentes estádios de compreensão, consciência e reflexão crítica sobre o fenômeno, assim como posicionamientos predominantemente críticos/ativos ou acríticos/passivos. Finalmente, propõe estratégias para erradicar a violência de gênero, como a criação de espaços coeducativos, a flexibilização de heteronormas e a integração de dissidências.

Formación en liderazgo político para jóvenes originarios de pueblos afro hondureños / Training in political leadership for young people from Afro-Honduran peoples / Capacitação em liderança política para jovens de povos afro-hondurenhos

Resumen (analítico) Se analiza el liderazgo político juvenil afrohondureño a partir de nueve casos de discriminación racial, segregación social y xenofobia jurídicamente documentados. El análisis cualitativo del problema parte de los imaginarios sociales orientados a un pensamiento interdisciplinario sobre nuevas estrategias pedagógicas para la formación en liderazgo. El contenido judicial de los casos se relaciona con los testimonios orales que narran los sucesos de violencia y vulneración de derechos que condujo a los jóvenes participantes a crear contenidos formativos desde la distancia, para mantener un proyecto de formación conjunto. Se encontró un amplio contenido pedagógico, sociojurídico y transdisciplinar para avanzar en una propuesta de formación en liderazgo etnopolítico. En conclusión, la realización de material didáctico a partir de estudio de casos permite el avance del diseño curricular en derechos humanos.

Abstract (analytical) This research analyzes the Afro-Honduran youth political leadership based on nine legally documented cases of racial discrimination, social segregation and xenophobia. The qualitative analysis of the problem is based on social imaginaries oriented towards interdisciplinary thinking on new pedagogical strategies for leadership training. The judicial content of the cases is related to the oral testimonies that narrate the events of violence and violation of rights that led the young participants to create training content from a distance, to maintain a joint training project. Wide pedagogical, socio-legal and transdisciplinary content was found to advance a proposal for training in ethno-political leadership. In conclusion, the realization of didactic material from case studies allows the advancement of the curricular design in human rights.

Resumo (analítico) Esta pesquisa analisa a liderança política da juventude afro-hondura com base em nove casos legalmente documentados de discriminação racial, segregação social e xenofobia. A análise qualitativa do problema baseia-se em imaginários sociais orientados para o pensamento interdisciplinar sobre novas estratégias pedagógicas para a formação de lideranças. O conteúdo judicial dos casos está relacionado aos depoimentos orais que narram os acontecimentos de violência e violação de direitos que levaram os jovens participantes a criar conteúdos de formação à distância, para manter um projeto de formação conjunto. Encontrou-se amplo conteúdo pedagógico, sócio-jurídico e transdisciplinar para avançar uma proposta de formação em liderança etnopolítica. Conclui-se que a realização de material didático a partir de estudos de caso permite o avanço do desenho curricular em direitos humanos.

Futuros y educación en los activismos juveniles socioambientales / Futures and education in socio-environmental youth activism / Futuros e educação em ativismos juvenis socioambientais

Resumen (analítico) Las juventudes protagonizan la acción de los movimientos sociales antihegemónicos. Particularmente, su activismo socioambiental impacta en la lucha global contra el modelo capitalista que pone en peligro al planeta. Este artículo explora el rol educativo de las organizaciones chilenas Viernes por el Futuro, Tremendas y Wila Pacha, en relación con sus visiones de futuro. Se realizó una etnografía digital con metodología cualitativa y enfoque interpretativo, a partir de un corpus de 591 entradas de sus discursos en Instagram. Los resultados muestran un futuro próximo con caducidad, con visiones sustentadas en conocimientos científicos, ancestrales y territoriales. También proyectan un futuro alternativo imaginado, desde el deseo y los valores de la comunidad que representa cada colectivo. Educar a la sociedad desde el accionar digital resulta clave para acercarse a ese futuro alternativo.

Abstract (analytical) Young people are protagonists of the actions carried out by antihegemonic social movements. Their socio-environmental activism has an impact on the global struggle against a capitalist model that endangers our planet. This article explores the educational role of the Chilean organizations Viernes por el Futuro (Fridays for Future), Tremendas and Wila Pacha in relation to their visions of the future. A digital ethnography was carried out using a qualitative methodology and an interpretive approach based on a corpus of 591 posts that contain the groups' discourses on Instagram. The results evidence the conceptualization of a near future that has an expiration date for humanity. The groups' visions of these futures are supported by scientific, ancestral and territorial knowledge. They also project an imagined alternative future that is based on the dreams and values of the communities that each group represents. For all three of the groups, educating society through digital actions is essential for working towards these alternative futures.

Resumo (analítico) Os jovens são protagonistas da ação dos movimentos sociais anti-hegemônicos. Particularmente, seu ativismo socioambiental tem impacto na luta global contra o modelo capitalista que põe em risco o planeta. Este artigo explora o papel educativo das organizações chilenas Viernes por el Futuro, Tremendas e Wila Pacha, em relação às suas visões de futuro. Foi realizada uma etnografia digital com metodologia qualitativa e abordagem interpretativa, a partir de um corpus de 591 postagens com seus discursos no Instagram. Os resultados mostram um futuro próximo com vencimento, com visões apoiadas em saberes científicos, ancestrais e territoriais. Eles também projetam um futuro alternativo imaginado, baseado no desejo e nos valores da comunidade que cada grupo representa. Educar a sociedade a partir de ações digitais é fundamental para abordar esse futuro alternativo.

Cambio climático y olas de calor sobre el bienestar subjetivo en jóvenes / Climate change and heat waves that affect the subjective well-being of young people / Mudanças climáticas e ondas de calor no bem-estar subjetivo de jovens

Resumen (analítico) El cambio climático y el aumento de las olas de calor tienen un impacto negativo en el bienestar subjetivo de niños y jóvenes. Este estudio examinó la experiencia de bienestar en jóvenes chilenos frente a las olas de calor. Utilizando entrevistas y grupos focales, se seleccionaron diez participantes con diferentes trayectorias educativas y niveles de contacto con la naturaleza. Los resultados mostraron que predominaban percepciones negativas del clima y emociones displacenteras como preocupación y desmotivación. Sin embargo, se encontró que aquellos con mayor contacto con la naturaleza experimentaban un mayor bienestar subjetivo. Se concluye que las olas de calor asociadas al cambio climático afectan negativamente la salud mental, pero también se destaca el papel que desempeñan los jóvenes en las acciones de mitigación y adaptación ante el cambio climático.

Abstract (analytical) Climate change and the increasing occurrence of heatwaves have a negative impact on the subjective well-being of children and young people. This study examined the well-being of young Chileans during heatwaves. Using interviews and focus groups, ten participants with a range of educational backgrounds and different levels of contact with nature were selected. The results showed that negative perceptions of the climate and unpleasant emotions such as worry and feeling demotivated were prevalent among young people during heatwaves. However, it was identified that young people who have increased contact with nature experienced higher subjective well-being during these climate conditions. The authors conclude that heatwaves associated with climate change negatively affect young people's mental health. However, the role that young people play in climate mitigation and adaptation actions was also emphasized by participants in the study.

Resumo (analítico) A mudança climática e o aumento das ondas de calor têm um impacto negativo no bem-estar subjetivo de crianças e jovens. Este estudo examinou a experiência de bem-estar de jovens chilenos diante das ondas de calor. Utilizando entrevistas e grupos focais, foram selecionados dez participantes com diferentes trajetórias educacionais e níveis de contato com a natureza. Os resultados mostraram que predominavam percepções negativas do clima e emoções desagradáveis como preocupação e desmotivação. No entanto, descobriu-se que aqueles com maior contato com a natureza experimentavam um maior bem-estar subjetivo. Conclui-se que as ondas de calor associadas à mudança climática afetam negativamente a saúde mental, mas também destaca-se o papel desempenhado pelos jovens nas ações de mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas.

Crisis ecológica global y educación desde la perspectiva de las juventudes / Global ecological crisis and education from young people perspective / Crise ecológica global e educação a partir de uma perspectiva da Juventudes

Resumen (analítico) Considerando el papel preponderante de las juventudes en los movimientos de justicia climática, nuestra investigación (de carácter cualitativo) analiza de forma crítica, bajo la mirada de las transiciones justas, los enfoques utilizados para pensar la cuestión intergeneracional ante la crisis ecológica. Ello a partir de algunas reflexiones coproducidas con doce jóvenes provenientes de tres países sudamericanos. Ellas fueron participantes del laboratorio «Educación, juventudes y justicia climática¼ desarrollado en el III Foro Abierto de Ciencias de América Latina y el Caribe, 2021 (Unesco). Nuestros resultados reconocen a las juventudes como sujetos protagonistas en los procesos de transición que les afectan a corto, mediano y largo plazo, al mismo tiempo que proporcionan algunas claves que permiten resituar el papel de la educación en los procesos de construcción de sociedades más justas y sostenibles.

Abstract (analytical) Considering the central role of young people in climate justice movements, this qualitative research uses a just energy transition perspective to critically analyze intergenerational issues in relation to the ecological crisis. This research focuses on reflections co-produced with twelve young people from three South American countries who were participants in the «Education, youth and climate justice¼ laboratory that was part of the III Open Forum of Sciences of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2021 and organized by Unesco. The results identify young people as protagonists in just transition processes that affect them in the short, medium and long term. The results of the study point to the need to redefine the role of education in the construction of more just and sustainable societies.

Resumo (analítico) Considerando o papel preponderante da juventude nos movimentos de justiça climática, nossa pesquisa qualitativa analisa criticamente, a partir da perspectiva das transições justas, as abordagens utilizadas para pensar a questão intergeracional diante da crise ecológica com base em algumas reflexões coproduzidas com doze jovens de três países sul-americanos, participantes do laboratório «Educação, juventude e justiça climática¼ desenvolvido no III Fórum Aberto de Ciências da América Latina e do Caribe, 2021 (Unesco). Nossos resultados reconhecem os jovens como protagonistas nos processos de transição que os afetam a curto, médio e longo prazo, ao mesmo tempo em que fornecem algumas chaves que nos permitem reposicionar o papel da educação nos processos de construção de sociedades mais justas e sustentáveis.

Uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y depresión en mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes: una revisión de alcance / Hormonal contraceptive use and depression in adolescent and young women: a scoping review

Se ha señalado al uso de los métodos anticonceptivos hormonales como una de las posibles causas que explican el exceso de depresión en mujeres. Objetivo: Explorar la literatura sobre la asociación entre uso de anticoncepción hormonal y depresión en adolescentes y jóvenes. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance de la literatura identificando estudios empíricos cuantitativos enfocados en la asociación entre uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y depresión en mujeres entre 11 y 24 años, publicados entre enero de 2017 y septiembre de 2022 e indexadas en Web of Science y SCOPUS. Resultados: Se incluyeron 12 artículos que mostraron asociaciones positivas, negativas y no concluyentes o con resultados mixtos. Conclusiones: La relación entre el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y depresión es compleja y multifacética. Los resultados presentados resaltan la necesidad de una investigación continua y más específica para comprender mejor las posibles asociaciones y proporcionar orientación clínica más precisa.

Abstract. The use of hormonal contraceptive methods has been pointed out as one of the possible causes that explain the excess of depression in women. Objective: To explore the literature on the association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and depression in adolescents and young women. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature identifying quantitative empirical studies focused on the association between hormonal contraceptive use and depression in women aged 11-24 years, published between January 2017 and September 2022, and indexed in Web of Science and SCOPUS. Results: In total, 12 articles showing positive, negative, and inconclusive or mixed associations were included. Conclusions: The relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and depression is complex and multifaceted. The results presented highlight the need for continued and more specific research to better understand possible associations and provide more accurate clinical guidance.

Os jovens e suas práticas de lazer: um olhar diante os decretos da PBH / Young people and their leisure practices: a look at the PBH Decree

O vírus da Covid-19 afetou de diversas formas a população mundial e, com isso, surgiu a necessidade da implementação de medidas sanitárias para evitar sua propagação. Em Belo Horizonte, essas medidas vieram por meio de decretos municipais, que proibiram o funcionamento de serviços considerados não essenciais. A partir desse momento, os jovens acostumados a frequentar bares, festas, shoppings ­ lugares que geram intensa aglomeração ­ se depararam com uma situação inusitada, sendo obrigados a adaptarem suas práticas à rotina do lar. Com o intuito de compreender melhor essas mudanças, realizamos um estudo que analisa os impactos da pandemia nas práticas de lazer desses jovens. Por meio de um questionário aplicado em diversos pontos de lazer da cidade, conseguimos observar como as práticas de lazer dos jovens foram afetadas pela pandemia. Esses resultados enfatizam a importância da adaptabilidade e resiliência dos jovens diante novos desafios.

The Covid-19 virus has affected the global population in various ways, leading to the need for the implementation of sanitary measures to prevent its spread. In Belo Horizonte, these measures came through municipal decrees, which banned the operation of non-essential services. From that moment on, young people accustomed to frequenting bars, parties, and malls ­ places that generate intense crowding ­ found themselves in an unusual situation, being forced to adapt their practices to home life. In order to better understand these changes, we conducted a study analyzing the impacts of the pandemic on the leisure practices of these young people. Through a questionnaire applied at various leisure points in the city, we were able to observe how the leisure practices of young people were affected by the pandemic. These results emphasize the importance of adaptability and resilience of young people in face of new challenges.

Effectiveness of self-awareness training for young adults on improving their professional skills: a Quasi-experimental study

Background: Young adulthood is a productive phase in an individual's life, marked by a shift towards achieving higher academic success and pursuing desired career paths. In this context, awareness of merits and demerits is vital in attaining desired goals. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the differences in self-awareness skills among undergraduate students before and after participating in a life skills intervention program. Method: The study used a quasi-experimental design involving 243 students from four private undergraduate colleges. A half-day self-awareness training program was provided using activity-based participatory approaches. Data were collected pre and one-month post-intervention through a semi-structured questionnaire validated by two mental health professionals and three industry experts. Results: Of the 243 participants, 55.55% were female, and 44.44% were male. A significant number of female participants were in the age group of 18 to 20 (Male: 68 (62.96), Female: 113 (83.7), p<0.001) compared to male participants. The life skills intervention significantly enhanced participants' abilities to connect with like-minded individuals (Pre-in: 46.5%, post-in: 52.26%, p<0.01), make new friends (pre-in: 54.32%, post-in: 66.67%, p<0.002), and engage in team interaction (pre-in: 39.09%, post-in: 68.72%, p<0.001). additionally, there were improvements in adopting a positive approach towards tasks (pre-in: 62.14%, post-in: 64.2%, p<0.058) and prioritizing assignments (pre-in: 27.57%, post-in: 53.91%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study observed a significant improvement in the domains of harmony, self-belief, adaptability, and discipline post-intervention among students.

The brand creation exploration of children's hospital"xiaoding youth volunteer camp"integrated characteristics / 现代医院

Health science popularization is one of the important carriers for public hospitals to carry out public welfare.However,there are some problems in the process of children's health science popularization,such as low enthusiasm of science communicators,single form of communication and vague audience of science popularization.In the past ten years,Children's Hospital of Soochow University has set up a volunteer service team of"Xiaoding Youth Volunteer Camp",by leading the innova-tion of the team management style of the youth,the innovation of the popular science style around the project,and the innovation of the brand building aimed at the audience.It has launched the project of popularizing the science of Children's health in schools,the project of micro-video on popularizing the science of Children's health,the project of live broadcast by the radio sta-tion"Joint construction of Forensic Medicine",and the project of caring for the health of children in difficult circumstances.This paper explores and practices a path of integration of youth volunteer service and child health science popularization in public hos-pitals,analyzes the working mode and effect of"Xiaoding youth volunteer camp"in Children's Hospital of Soochow University,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the mode of children's health science popularization in public hospitals.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma in young patients aged 18-40 years / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To summarize the clinicopathological features and prognosis of young patients (18-40 years old) with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) treated in a single center to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar patients. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 113 nccRCC patients treated during Jan. 2012 and Aug. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 57 males (50.4%) and 56 females (49.6%). The average age of onset was (31.6±5.8) years. Among all patients, 57 had lesions (50.4%) on the left side, and 56 (49.6%) on the right side. Young patients undergoing renal cancer surgery accounted for approximately 12.4% of the total number of renal cancer patients undergoing surgery, and nccRCC accounted for 34.8% of the total number of cases. 【Results】 Minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic or robot-assisted) was performed in 102 cases (90.3%), and open surgery in 11 cases (9.7%). Fifty-five cases (48.7%) underwent partial nephrectomy and 58 (51.3%) radical nephrectomy. Among them, 11 patients (9.7%) developed tumor thrombi. All surgeries were successful with no serious complications. The pathological types included 32 cases (28.3%) of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, 25 cases (22.1%) of MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma, and 20 cases (17.7%) of papillary renal cell carcinoma. The total proportion of the three pathological subtypes reached 68.1%. After 46 (2-115) months of follow-up, 8 cases (7.8%, 8/102) developed tumor metastasis and 2 died. 【Conclusion】 The nccRCC is rare in young patients. The major pathological type is chromophobe, and the major treatment method is minimally invasive surgery. Most pathological types have good long-term prognosis, while patients with tumor thrombi have a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis.

Effect of early postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation on children and youth with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of early postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation on elbow joint dysfunction and ulnar nerve injury in children and adolecents with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury. MethodsA total of 49 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury after operation were selected from January, 2016 to December, 2021 in Wangjing Hospital, which were randomly divided into control group (n = 24) and treatment group (n = 25). The control group accepted wax therapy and acupuncture, and the treatment group accepted medicine fumigation, joint mobilization and electromyographic biofeedback, for twelve weeks. They were assessed with The Hospital for Special Surgery Elbow score (HSS) and Medical Research Neurotrauma Society Report (MCRR) before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatent, the HSS scores increased in both groups (|t| > 8.345, P < 0.001). The HSS score was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 4.536, P < 0.001). The d-value of HSS scores before and after treatment was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 3.717, P < 0.05). The rate of excellent recovery of ulnar nerve function was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (χ2 = 5.975, P < 0.05). ConclusionEarly postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation could romote the recovery of elbow function and ulnar nerve injury in children and youth with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury.

Analysis of the impact of patients ages on propofol dosage in painless gastroscopy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To analyze the impact of patients ages on propofol dosage in painless gastroscopy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 158 painless gastroscopy patients from January 2017 to June 2020.They were divided into the young group(18～44 years old,n = 57),the middle-aged group(45～59 years old,n = 51),and the elderly group(≥60 years old,n = 50)based on their age.The anesthesia status and safety of each group were compared.Results The results showed that the dosage of propofol,average total dosage of propofol,MAP,HR,RR,SpO2 levels in the young group were higher than those in the middle-aged and elderly groups when consciousness disappeared,and the middle-aged group was higher than the elderly group;The onset time,anesthesia recovery time,orientation recovery time,and departure time in the young group of patients were shorter than those in the middle-aged and elderly groups,and the middle-aged group was shorter than the elderly group(P<0.05).The incidence of airway obstruction,hypoxemia,mandible support,mask ventilation,adverse cardiovascular events,sedation related adverse events,and incidence of obstructed endoscopy in the elderly group were higher than those in the young and middle-aged groups.The incidence of smooth endoscopy was lower than that in the young and middle-aged groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Aging may increase the dosage of propofol in patients underwent painless gastroscopy under anesthesia,prolong the onset time,anesthesia recovery time,orientation recovery time,and departure time,increase stress reactions and adverse reactions,and strengthen monitoring for elderly patients in clinical practice.

Influencing Factors of Inter-arm Systolic Blood Pressure Differences in Hypertensive Population Aged 40 Years and Younger / 中国循环杂志

Objectives:To explore the influencing factors of inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference(sIAD)in young hypertensive population. Methods:A total of 12 895 young Kailuan employees aged≤40 years,who participated in the physical examination from 2010 to 2020,were enrolled in this study.All of them underwent blood pressure measurements of four limbs in supine position.Young hypertensive group(n=3 584)and young non-hypertensive group(n=3 584)were 1∶1 matched by sex and age(±1 year),and participants were further divided into sIAD＜10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)and sIAD≥10 mmHg subgroups.A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was established to analyze the determinants of sIAD≥10 mmHg. Results:The detection rate of sIAD≥10 mmHg was significantly higher in the young hypertensive group than in the young non-hypertensive group(31.72%vs.27.76%,P＜0.001).Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in young hypertensive population,ankle-brachial index(ABI)＜0.9,male,obesity,overweight,elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)level,and systolic blood pressure were positively associated with sIAD≥10 mmHg,while college education or above,physical exercise were negatively correlated with sIAD≥10 mmHg(all P＜0.05).In the young non-hypertensive population,ABI＜0.9,systolic blood pressure were positively correlated with sIAD≥10 mmHg,while age was negatively associated with sIAD≥10 mmHg(all P＜0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of sIAD≥10 mmHg is higher in young hypertensive population than in young non-hypertensive population.Decreased ABI,male sex,obesity,overweight,increased LDL-C level,systolic blood pressure,college education and above,and physical exercise are the influencing factors of sIAD≥10 mmHg in young hypertensive population.

Anthropometric profile at u-15 to professional on brazilian national team soccer players / Perfil antropométrico de jugadores sub-15 a profesionales de la selección brasileña de fútbol / Perfil antropométrico de jogadores sub-15 a profissionais da seleção brasileira de futebol

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although competitiveness rises progressively increases according to age groups, players must stand out in their playing position at all ages to win a spot on their National Teams. The differences among match physical and technical demands could also influence which anthropometrical aspects would be most importantly considered for National Team selection. Objectives: This study aimed describe and compare the anthropometric profile of soccer players from U15 to professional categories of the Brazilian National Soccer Team. Methods: The sample consisted of 673 players from the categories U15, U17, U20, U23 and PRO. Measurements of height, body mass, and sum of seven skinfolds from the Brazilian Football Confederation database between 2013 and 2021 were used to describe the players' anthropometric profile. Players were grouped according to categories, playing position, and those who were selected or not selected. Results: As expected, the results indicate that body mass increases with age and stabilizes from category U23 onwards. Body mass and the sum of seven skinfolds increase within the U15 category (U15.1 vs. U15.2), while height and body mass increase within the U17 category (U17.1 vs. U17.2). Defenders and fullbacks stabilize body mass and stature prior to U17, while midfielders, strikers, and goalkeepers stabilize body mass later, with midfielders and strikers at U20, and goalkeepers at U23. Goalkeepers and defenders were the players with the greatest height and body mass compared to the other positions in all categories. The selected and non-selected players in the different categories had similar anthropometric profiles. Conclusion: From the results, there is a diversity in anthropometric profile within the positions and a difference in maturation according to the players' positions. This study can be used by coaches, physical trainers and sport scientists as normative data about the anthropometric profile of Brazilian men's soccer teams, establishing a benchmark. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective and Comparative Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque la competitividad aumenta progresivamente según los grupos de edad, los jugadores deben destacar en su posición de juego a todas las edades para ganarse un puesto en sus selecciones nacionales. Las diferencias entre las exigencias físicas y técnicas de los partidos también pueden influir en qué aspectos antropométricos serían más importantes para la selección nacional. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar el perfil antropométrico de futbolistas masculinos de menores de 15 años a categorías mayores de las selecciones brasileñas de fútbol. Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 673 jugadores de las siguientes categorías: Sub 15 (U15), Sub 17 (U17), Sub 20 (U20), Sub 23 (U23) y Profesional (PRO). Se utilizaron medidas de estatura, masa corporal y la suma de 7 pliegues cutáneos de la base de datos de la Confederación Nacional de Fútbol de Brasil entre 2013 y 2021 para describir el perfil antropométrico de los jugadores. Los jugadores se agruparon según los tramos de edad oficiales, la posición de juego y los seleccionados y no seleccionados. Resultados: Como era de esperar, los resultados indican que la masa corporal aumenta con la edad y se estanca a partir de la categoría U23. La masa corporal y la suma de 7 pliegues cutáneos aumentan dentro de la categoría U15 (U15.1 vs. U15.2), mientras que la estatura y la masa corporal aumentan dentro de la U17 (U17.1 vs. U17.2). Los defensas centrales y los laterales estabilizan antes la masa corporal y la estatura a partir de la U17, mientras que los mediocampistas, delanteros y porteros estabilizan la masa corporal más tarde, con los mediocampistas y delanteros en la U20 y los porteros en la U23. Los porteros y defensas centrales fueron los grupos que mostraron mayor estatura y masa corporal respecto a otras posiciones en todos los tramos de edad. Los jugadores seleccionados y no seleccionados en diferentes tramos de edad tienen un perfil antropométrico similar. Conclusión: Con base en los resultados, existe diversidad en el perfil antropométrico dentro de las posiciones de juego y diferencia en la maduración según la posición de los jugadores. Este estudio puede ser utilizado por entrenadores, preparadores físicos y científicos del deporte como dato normativo sobre el perfil antropométrico de las selecciones masculinas de fútbol de Brasil, estableciendo un punto de referencia. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio Retrospectivo Comparativo.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora a competitividade aumente progressivamente de acordo com as faixas etárias os jogadores devem se destacar em sua posição de jogo em todas as idades para conquistar uma vaga em suas equipes nacionais. As diferenças entre as exigências físicas e técnicas dos jogos também podem influenciar quais aspectos antropométricos seriam mais importantes para a seleção da equipe nacional. Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever e comparar o perfil antropométrico de jogadores de futebol da categoria sub 15 ao profissional da Seleção Brasileira de Futebol. Métodos: A amostra consistiu de 673 jogadores das seguintes categorias: sub 15 (U15) sub 17 (U17) sub 20 (U20) sub 23 (U23) e profissional (PRO). Medidas da estatura massa corporal e soma das sete dobras cutâneas do banco de dados da Confederação Brasileira de Futebol entre 2013 e 2021 foram utilizadas para descrever o perfil antropométrico dos jogadores. Os jogadores foram agrupados de acordo com as categorias posição de jogo e aqueles que foram selecionados ou não selecionados. Resultados: Como esperado os resultados indicam que a massa corporal aumenta com a idade e estabiliza a partir da categoria U23. A massa corporal e a soma das sete dobras cutâneas aumentam dentro da categoria U15 (U15.1 vs. U15.2) enquanto a estatura e a massa corporal aumentam dentro da categoria U17 (U17.1 vs. U17.2). Os zagueiros e laterais estabilizam a massa corporal e a estatura antes do U17 enquanto os meio campistas atacantes e goleiros estabilizam a massa corporal posteriormente com os meio campistas e atacantes no U20 e goleiros no U23. Os goleiros e os zagueiros foram os jogadores que apresentaram maior estatura e massa corporal comparados às outras posições em todas as categorias. Os jogadores selecionados e não-selecionados nas diferentes categorias apresentam perfil antropométrico semelhante. Conclusão: Baseando-se nos resultados há uma diversidade no perfil antropométrico dentro das posições e uma diferença na maturação de acordo com as posições dos jogadores. Este estudo pode ser utilizado por treinadores preparadores físicos e cientistas do esporte como dados normativos sobre o perfil antropométrico das seleções masculinas do futebol brasileiro estabelecendo um benchmark. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.