Absceso del psoas ilíaco: importancia del tratamiento percutáneo en una serie consecutiva de casos / Psoas abscess: importance of percutaneous drainage in a consecutive case series

Antecedentes: el absceso del psoas ilíaco es una entidad poco frecuente y de etiología variable. Su ubicación y cuadro clínico inespecífico la convierte en una entidad de difícil diagnóstico para el cirujano general. La oportunidad de tratar una serie de casos en un período de tiempo relativamente corto para este tipo de patología motivan esta comunicación. Objetivo: a partir de una serie consecutiva de casos, analizar etiología, clínica, y enfoque diagnóstico terapéutico, con especial énfasis en el drenaje percutáneo , como así también una sucinta revisión de la bibliografía reciente. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo de una serie consecutiva de casos Resultados: la serie consta de 6 casos, 5 de tipo primario y 1 de tipo secundario. La signos más frecuentes fueron el dolor, la impotencia funcional y la leucocitosis. La Tomografía axial computada de abdomen con y sin contraste fue el método diagnóstico de elección. El drenaje percutáneo fue el tratamiento de elección en 5 casos (83,3%) mientras que en el restante se optó por antibioticoterapia y el drenaje de una colección adyacente. La evolución de todos los casos fue favorable. Conclusión: el absceso de psoas ilíaco es una patología que necesita un alto nivel de sospecha dada su clínica inespecífica. Para su diagnóstico, junto acon la clínica la Tomografía es el método de elección. El drenaje percutáneo de las colecciones bajo control tomográfico es un opción segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de esta entidad.

Background: The of the iliopsoas abscess is a rare entity with a variable etiology. Its location and nonspecific clinical features makes it becomes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the general surgeon. The opportunity to treat a series of cases in a relatively short period of time motivates this communication. Objective: From a consecutive case series, we analyze etiology, clinical features , as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on percutaneous drainage, as well as a brief review of recent literature. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of six patients diagnosed with an ilipsoas abscess in a tertiary care center. Results: The series consists of 6 cases, 5 of primary type and 1 of secondary type. Pain, Limp and leucocitosis were the more prevalent signs; computed tomography of the abdomen was the diagnostic method of choice. Percutaneous drainage was the therapeutic option in 5 cases (83.3%), while in the remaining, antibiotic therapy and the drainage of an adjacent collection were indicated. The evolution of all cases was favorable with no mortality nor morbidity. Conclusion: The iliac psoas abscess is a pathology that needs a high level of suspicion given its nonspecific presentation. For diagnosis, together with the clinic, computed tomography is the method of choice. Percutaneous drainage of collection under tomographic control is a safe and effective option for the treatment of this entity.

Unusual abscess masquerading as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon showing characteristics of choriocarcinoma

Extragonadal non-gestational choriocarcinoma (ENC) is an uncommon malignant tumor occasionally found in the gastrointestinal tract. ENC is characterized by a biphasic tumor growth with distinct areas of adenocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma differentiation. Primary choriocarcinoma of the colon is extremely rare, with only 21 cases reported in the literature. Most of the perforation of colorectal cancers occurs in the abdominal cavity, while abdominal wall abscess is rare; the psoas abscess associated with colon carcinoma is even less observed. Herein, we report the case of a 61-year-old female with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon and sigmoid, with choriocarcinomatous differentiation, masquerading a psoas abscess formation. Unfortunately, despite the aggressive therapy, the patient's disease rapidly progressed, and she died within 2 months after the diagnosis. The typical morphological pattern, immunohistochemistry, and its correlation with serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin enabled a correct diagnosis.

Absceso de psoas iliaco: un desafío diagnóstico / Psoas-Iliac Abscess a dignotic challengen

El absceso de músculo psoas iliaco se considera una rare-za. Su detección ha mejorado con la utilización de imágenes como la tomografía computada o la resonancia magnética. Presentamos una revisión de casos de absceso de psoas-iliaco internados entre julio de 2015 y febrero de 2018 en un hospital de CABA, Argentina.En este periodo se diagnosticaron un paciente conside-rado de origen primario y ocho de origen secundario. Se observó predominio de colecciones asociadas a es-pondilodiscitis. El síntoma más frecuente fue la fiebre. Staphylococcus aureus fue el germen más rescatado en muestras microbiológicas. Se debe tener alto índice de sospecha de esta patología ante la presencia de fiebre, dolor lumbar y en ocasiones alteración de la marcha. El empleo de antibióticos de amplio espectro sumado a la evacuación de colecciones constituyen la estrategia más efectiva

Psoas-iliac muscle abscess is considered a rarity, the use of images such as computed tomography or magnetic reso-nance imaging has improved its detection.This study reviews cases of psoas-iliac abscess in hospi-talized patients between July 2015 and February 2018 in a hospital in CABA, Argentina.In one of the patients the origin was considered primary ,while in the other eight it was secondary. There was a pre-dominance of collections associated with spondylodiscitis. The most frequent symptom was fever. Staphylococcus au-reus was the most frequent organism obtained in microbio-logical samples. A high level of suspicion must be held in the presence of fever, lumbar pain and sometimes alteration of the gait. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics in addition to evacuation of collections is the most effective strategy.

Absceso del iliopsoas: Claves para el diagnóstico imagenológico / Iliopsoas abscess: Imaging keys to accurate diagnosis

Resumen: Si bien es infrecuente, el absceso del músculo iliopsoas exhibe una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. Su diagnóstico es difícil debido a las numerosas etiologías y su variada presentación clínica. Objetivo: Discutir las causas, vías de diseminación, diagnósticos diferenciales y manejo del absceso del iliopsoas, poniendo especial énfasis en el rol de la tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética en su diagnóstico. Conclusión: La evaluación con estudios de imagen es esencial para determinar la complejidad, extensión y origen anatómico de esta patología, parámetros que son fundamentales para determinar el pronóstico y el manejo en este tipo de pacientes.

Abstract: Although rare, iliopsoas abscess has a high rate of morbidly and mortality. Its diagnosis is diffiult given the numerous etiologies and varied clinical presentation. Objective: To discuss the causes, dissemination pathways, differential diagnoses and management of iliopsoas abscess; emphasizing the important role of CT and MR through multiple imaging examples. Conclusion: Imagenological analysis is essential to determine complexity, extention, and anatomical origin of this condition, fundamental parameters in the prognosis and management of these patients.

Absceso del psoas pediátrico manejo conservador: reporte de caso / Abscess of pediatric psoas, conservative management: Case report

El absceso del psoas es una entidad clínica rara, de difícil diagnóstico en edad pediátrica, con presentación ambigua, retrasando así el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Pueden ser primarios o secun- darios, siendo los primarios unilaterales en el 98%, alrededor del 70% de los casos se han reportado en el grupo de edad de 10-17 años, 75% en el sexo masculino. Únicamente en 20% de los casos se identifica el factor causal. Con incidencia anual de doce en países desarrollados. Se presenta caso de masculino de 15 años, procedente de Juticalpa Olancho, con anteceden- te de apendicectomía hace 10 años, inicia con dolor abdominal de 22 días de evolución, localiza- do en hipocondrio derecho, de intensidad progresiva. Posteriormente, claudicación y fiebre, fue llevado a clínica privada y manejado con analgésico sin mejoría. Evaluado nuevamente en clínica privada donde indican realizar ultrasonido abdominal que reporto masa heterogénea en correde- ra para-cólica derecha, considerar absceso del psoas y referencia a Hospital Materno Infantil, Tegucigalpa. Al ingreso febril, con dolor a la palpación profunda en hipocondrio derecho y dificultad de extender miembro inferior derecho por dolor. Los exámenes laboratoriales eran com- patibles con proceso infeccioso y el USG abdominal confirmó el diagnostico. Con evolución clínica satisfactoria y ultrasonido control reflejo reducción de la colección a 9ml por lo que se omitió la TAC...(AU)

Mal de Pott y diagnóstico inmunológico de tuberculosis, a propósito de un caso pediátrico / Pott's disease and immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis, about a pediatric clinical case

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in the world. The clinical forms of TB in children are variable, pulmonary involvement occurs in two thirds of cases. In the remaining third, clinical forms incluye node, meningeal and osteoarticular involvement. Case report: 7 year old boy with a history of an osteolytic lesion of the right ischial branch. Three months later he presented with spondylodiscitis at L2-L3, associated with a large abscess in the right iliac psoas muscle. Pott's disease was suspected, and tuberculin test and T-SPOT®.TB test were performed, with a positive result. Antimicrobial treatment was initiated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. After 30 days, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from psoas abscess. We discuss methods of TB diagnosis, with special emphasis on immunological methods: tuberculin test and interferon-gamma release assays. Methods of immunological TB diagnosis are an important contribution to the diagnosis of this disease, allowing early initiation of treatment.

La tuberculosis sigue siendo un importante problema en salud en el mundo. Las formas clínicas de TBC en los niños son muy variadas, presentándose en dos tercios de los casos compromiso pulmonar. En el tercio restante destacan los compromisos ganglionar, meníngeo y osteoarticular. Caso clínico: varón de 7 años que presentó una espondilodiscitis L2-L3, asociada a un absceso en músculo psoas-ilíaco derecho. Por sospecha de mal de Pott se realizó PPD y T-SPOT®.TB que resultaron positivos. Se inició tratamiento antimicrobiano asociado con isoniazida, rifampicina, pirazinamida y etambutol. Después de 30 días, se aisló Mycobacterium tuberculosis del absceso del psoas. Se discute los métodos de diagnóstico de TBC en pediatría, con especial énfasis en los métodos inmunológicos: reacción de tuberculina y test de liberación de interferón-gamma, los que son una importante contribución para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, permitiendo el pronto inicio de su tratamiento.

Neonatal Iliopsoas Abscess: The First Korean Case

Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is rare in neonates. We present a case of neonatal IPA that was initially believed to bean inguinal hernia. A 20-day-old male infant was referred to our hospital for herniorrhaphy after a 2-day history of swelling and bluish discoloration of the left inguinal area and leg without limitation of motion. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography suggested a femoral hernia, but the anatomy was unclear. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a multi-septated cystic mass extending into the psoas muscle from the lower pole of the left kidney to the femur neck. Broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated, and prompt surgical exploration was planned. After opening the retroperitoneal cavity via an inguinal incision, an IPA was diagnosed and surgically drained. Culture of the abscess fluid detected Staphylococcus aureus, sensitive to methicillin. The patient was discharged without complication on the 17th postoperative day.

A Case of Delayed-onset Multiple Metastatic Infection following Liver Abscess / 대한소화기학회지

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess has a tendency to spread to distant sites early in the course of disease and to involve multiple organs synchronously. A 59-year-old male was admitted because of liver abscess accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. The patient underwent percutaneous catheter drainage and received intravenous antibiotics. Symptom relief was achieved after the treatment as well as marked reduction in the size of the abscess. Despite proper treatment of the liver abscess, however, patient developed multiple metastatic infections in a non-concurrent manner: left and right endophthalmitis, psoas abscess, and infectious spondylitis at 5, 23, 30 and 65 days after initial manifestations of liver abscess, respectively. Each infectious episode followed one another after resolution of the former one. For each episode of metastatic infections, the patient promptly underwent treatment with systemic and local antibiotics, interventional abscess drainage, and surgical treatments as needed. The patient fully recovered without sequelae after the use of intravenous antibiotics for an extended period of time. Herein, we report a case of K. pneumoniae liver abscess complicated with delayed-onset multiple metastatic infections.

Absceso retroperitoneal secundario a litiasis residual intraperitoneal tras una colecistectomía laparoscópica / Retroperitoneal abscess secondary to residual intraperitoneal lithiasis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

El derrame biliar y la caída de cálculos a la cavidad abdominal es una complicación menor de las colecistectomías laparoscópicas. Sin embargo, puede asociarse a graves complicaciones posoperatorias si no se lava la cavidad y se extraen los cálculos. Se documenta el caso de una paciente operada mediante colecistectomía laparoscópica por litiasis vesicular, en la que se decidió la conversión a cirugía abierta dada la caída de cálculos hacia la cavidad abdominal. En el posoperatorio presentó infección de la herida y fístula cutánea, con salida de cálculos por la herida quirúrgica. Cuatro años después presentó síndrome febril y dolor lumbar, y se diagnosticó entonces un absceso del psoas cuya causa fue la presencia de cálculos biliares que se desplazaron hacia ese sitio. Se intervino quirúrgicamente y se le drenó el absceso por vía posterior. La evolución fue satisfactoria. Estas complicaciones refuerzan la necesidad de una extracción exhaustiva de todos los cálculos que caen a cavidad durante las colecistectomías laparoscópicas(AU)

The biliary effusion and stones falling into the abdominal cavity is a minor complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, it may be associated to severe postoperative complications if the cavity is not washed and the stones are not removed in a proper way. This is a female patient who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones, and this time it was decided to resort to open surgery after the falling of stones into the abdominal cavity. In the postoperative phase, she suffered wound infection and cutaneous fistula, with the stones coming out of the surgical wound. Four years after the initial intervention, she presented with fever and back pain. Psoas abscess was then diagnosed; the cause was the presence of gallstones that migrated to that site. He was operated on and abscess drainage was performed through posterior approach. Her subsequent progress was satisfactory. This type of complications necessarily requires the complete removal of all the stones falling into a cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomies(AU)

Absceso de psoas en pediatría: a propósito de un caso / Psoas abscess in children: report of a case

Paciente de 14 años, con dolor abdominal en la fosa ilíaca izquierda, al que se le diagnosticó hematoma del psoas, con sospecha de sobreinfección. Se describe esta patología, y aspectos de su tratamiento.

Absceso de psoas como complicación de varicela / Psoas abscess as a chicken pox complication

La varicela es la enfermedad exantemática más frecuente, sucurso suele ser autolimitado y benigno. Están descriptas variadascomplicaciones bacterianas debido a la disrupción de la piel como barrera defensiva por las características de suslesiones y a la inmunodepresión asociada.El absceso de psoas es una enfermedad poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico, con un cuadro clínico generalmente inespecífico.Presentamos el caso de una niña de 5 años, que, cursando el 5º día de varicela, consulta por convulsión febril de la cual se recupera sin síntomas neurológicos. Presenta impotencia funcional de miembro inferior izquierdo y dolor en región lumbar y glútea, que irradia a la cadera de dicho miembro con imposibilidad de deambular.El diagnóstico definitivo se realizó con tomografía axial computada (TAC) el día de ingreso.El germen aislado fue Staphylococcus meticilino-resistente (SAMR) de la comunidad.El tratamiento consistió en el drenaje quirúrgico y antibióticos endovenosos.

[Psoas abscess as the inital manifestation of crohn's disease, report of 30 cases]

Psoas abcess complicating Crohn's disease is a rare condition. Diagnosis remains difficult, especially when it is the first sign of Crohn's disease. We report here 3 patients presenting with psoas abcess as the initial manifestation of the disease, among 118 patients with Crohn's disease seen between 1990 and 2006. Symptoms and signs were fever, lower abdominal quadrant pain or tenderness and psoitis. Diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by computed axial tomography. In 2 cases, psoas abcess secondary to a periappendicular abcess or f colonic neoplasm were suspected, and the etiology was made correctly only after operation. Effective therapy included antibiotics, drainage and bowel resection

A Case of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Presenting with Psoas Abscess / 대한소화기학회지

A colon cancer presenting as psoas muscle abscess is very rare. A 27-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal pain, fever, and discomfort on left thigh. She had been administered on anti-tuberculosis medication for colonic tuberculosis since 3 months ago. Abdominal CT scan revealed a mass lesion obstructing the descending colon with an abscess formation within left psoas muscle. We undertook segmental resection of obstructing descending colon after the percutaneous drainage of psoas abscess. The pathologic report was mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon. We report the first case of colon cancer manifested with psoas abscess in Korea, with the review of literature associated with the correlation of colon cancer and tuberculosis.

Psoas Abscess with Hip Contracture in a Patient with Crohn's Disease / 대한소화기학회지

A psoas abscess (PA) is a rare clinical entity but is potentially serious condition which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The diagnosis is frequently delayed due to its variable and nonspecific features and occult clinical course. The delay in diagnosis and treatment of PA is the major poor prognostic factor. We describe herein a case of the sterile psoas abscess complicating Cronh's disease which presented as hip flexion contracture. A 29-year-old man, at remission stage of CD involving ileocolic segment, was admitted due to pain from hip contracture. He had no bloody diarrhea and no abdominal pain. PA was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. PA with hip contracture was completely treated with surgical excision, irrigation, drainage, and antibiotics. PA was sterile and there was no evidence of a fistulous communication from the bowel. Once suspected, aggressive diagnostic work up and definitive operative intervention is needed.

Sepsis por Chromobacterium violaceum pigmentado y no pigmentado / Sepsis caused by pigmented and no pigmented Chromobacterium violaceum

La sepsis por Chromobacterium violaceum es un cuadro clínico rara vez reportado y asociado con una elevada letalidad. Comunicamos un caso fatal de sepsis en un niño indígena venezolano con 6 años de edad, quien presentó fiebre y aumento de volumen en la región inguinal derecha y que fuera inicialmente diagnosticado como plastrón apendicular abscedado. La cirugía de apendicetomía reveló un absceso en el músculo psoas derecho, del cual se aisló una cepa pigmentada de C. violaceum, mientras que a partir de hemocultivos se aislaron cepas pigmentada y no pigmentada, simultáneamente, del mismo agente. Se administró tratamiento con imipenem y amikacina pero su condición se deterioró y falleció a los 9 días de su ingreso.

Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis is rare but associated with a high mortality rate. We report a fatal case of C. violaceum sepsis in a 6 years old Venezuelan indian boy. Clinical manifestations were fever and swelling in the right inguinal region. The initial diagnosis was an appendicular plastron. Appendicectomy was performed and during surgery a right psoas abscess was identified that resulted culture positive for pigmented C. violaceum. Blood cultures were positive for a pigmented and non pigmented C. violaceum strain. Imipenem and amikacin were administered despite of which the child died 9 days after hospital admission.

Iliopsoas abscess: analysis and perspectives from an endemic region of Eastern Nepal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical profile and outcome in patients with iliopsoas abscess. METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal from February 2005 to March 2006. The medical records of all thirty six patients admitted in surgery ward with diagnosis of iliopsoas abscess during the study period were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty six patients were included the study. There were 22 (61.1%) males and 14 (38.9%) females with a mean age of 24.33 +/-19.19 years. Demographic distribution of the patients revealed the highest number 13 (36.1%) from Sunsari district, eastern part of the country. Right sided unilateral involvement was the most common presentation and only 2 cases had bilateral involvement. In none of our patients the dorsolumbar spine radiograph revealed any involvement of the bone. The most common complaints were pain in lower abdomen and lump in iliac fossa with flexion deformity at hip joint. All the patients underwent open surgical drainage and their outcomes were analyzed in term of cure, morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism 24 (61.5%) isolated. Twenty two (91.66%) of Staphylococcus aureus samples were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. There was one mortality in the group who died of septicaemia secondary to necrotizing fascitis. Six patients had wound infection, which were cured by regular dressing. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our experience and review of available relevant literature, we can conclude that a high index of suspicion and awareness of the varying clinical picture are required to diagnose this condition properly. Ultrasonography should still be the preferred imaging modality as it is cheap, safe, cost effective and readily available. Ciprofloxacin should be used as a first line drug. Image guided aspiration may be practical in selected cases having little pus and traditional open drainage should be considered without hesitation.

Abscesso de músculo psoas em paciente com lúpus erimatoso sistêmico e artrite reumatóide / Abscess of muscule psoas in a patient with systemic lupus erythematous and arthrits rheumatoid

Introdução: abscesso do músculo psoas é uma complicação infecciosa infreqüente que se associa à imunodeficiência. Objetivo: relatar as manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e evolução de uma paciente com síndrome de sobreposição de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico e Artrite Reumatóide.

lntroduction: the abscess of the muscle psoas is an infrequent infectious complication that if associates the immunodeficiency situations. Objective: the authors present the clinical manifestations, diagnostic and evolution of a patient with syndrome of Systemic lupus erythematosus overlapping and Arthritis rheumatoid.

Patologias do compartimento iliopsoas: avaliação radiológica / Iliopsoas compartment lesions: a radiological evaluation

Limite posterior do retroperitônio, o compartimento iliopsoas localiza-se externamente ao mesmo, sendo composto dos músculos psoas maior, psoas menor e ilíaco. O quadro de sintomas dos pacientes com acometimento patológico deste compartimento é amplo e inespecífico, podendo haver importante atraso no diagnóstico. Entretanto, na busca do diagnóstico etiológico das alterações do compartimento iliopsoas, sabemos que as infecções, os tumores e as hemorragias respondem pela quase totalidade das lesões. Por meio da avaliação retrospectiva de exames radiológicos de pacientes com patologias do iliopsoas e que tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado por exame anatomopatológico ou acompanhamento clínico, revisamos a anatomia deste compartimento, assim como as suas principais formas de acometimento, identificando sinais que auxiliem na diferenciação dos potenciais diagnósticos diferenciais. Na abordagem de cada patologia discutiremos os principais sinais radiológicos, como a presença de gás em abscessos piogênicos, alterações ósseas em corpos vertebrais nas lesões secundárias a tuberculose, comprometimento dos planos fasciais nas lesões tumorais e diferenças na densidade e intensidade de sinal dos hematomas nas diferentes fases de degradação da hemoglobina, entre outros. Dessa forma, procuramos apresentar casos que exemplifiquem as doenças mais freqüentes do compartimento iliopsoas, destacando a importância dos seus diferentes sinais, aproximando-nos de um diagnóstico etiológico específico.

The iliopsoas compartment, a posterior boundary of the retroperitoneum, is comprised of the psoas major, psoas minor and iliac muscles. The symptoms picture in patients presenting with pathological involvement of this compartment may show a wide range of nonspecific clinical presentations that may lead to delayed diagnosis. However, in the search of an etiological diagnosis, it is already known that inflammation, tumors, and hemorrhages account for almost all the lesions affecting the iliopsoas compartment. By means of a retrospective analysis of radiological studies in patients with iliopsoas compartment lesions whose diagnosis was confirmed by anatomopathological evaluation or clinical follow-up, we have reviewed its anatomy as well as the main forms of involvement, with the purpose of identifying radiological signs that may help to narrow down the potential differential diagnoses. As each lesion is approached we will discuss the main radiological findings such as presence of gas in pyogenic abscesses, bone destruction and other bone changes of vertebral bodies in lesions secondary to tuberculosis, involvement of fascial planes in cases of neoplasms, and differences in signal density and intensity of hematomas secondary to hemoglobin degradation, among others. So, we have tried to present cases depicting the most frequent lesions involving the iliopsoas compartment, with emphasis on those signs that can lead us to a more specific etiological diagnosis.