Por los abismos de la infancia / Through the abyss of childhood

Constantemente los medios de comunicación nos informan sobre el maltrato al que son sometidos los niños en todo el mundo, maltrato que se expresa en variadísimas y crueles formas y contra el cual parecen impotentes las leyes que pretenden acabarlo. Un breve recorrido por la historia nos muestra que esta crueldad puesta sobre los infantes ha existido siempre, que forma parte de una agresividad estructural humana que encuentra en los niños un blanco fácil para su descarga.

The media constantly informs us about the mistreatment to which children are subjected throughout the world, abuse that is expressed in very varied and cruel ways and against which the laws that aim to end it seem impotent. A brief tour through history shows us that this cruelty placed on infants has always existed, that it is part of a structural human aggression that finds in children an easy target for unloading

Trastornos mentales en hombres y mujeres expuestos a abuso sexual en la infancia / Mental disorders in men and women who suffered sexual abuse or other types of violence

El abuso sexual es una forma de violencia que afecta a personas de diferentes países, estratos sociales, culturas y religiones. El presente estudio se propuso analizar los antecedentes de abuso sexual infantil en adultos que consultaron en el Servicio Ambulatorio de la Cátedra de Psiquiatría y que presentaron distintos tipos de trastornos mentales. Es un estudio trasversal, descriptivo, muestreo no probabilístico. Se realizó la revisión de 254 fichas clínicas de pacientes en psicoterapia entre 2010 y 2012 y se seleccionaron 44 víctimas de abuso sexual infantil (ASI).; Los diagnósticos de trastornos mentales fueron realizados en base a la clasificación DSM. El 95,4% de los pacientes (n=42) era del sexo femenino,; 31,8% (n=14) tenía entre 19 y 15 años de edad, 38,6% (n=17) entre 26 a 35 años y ;72,7% (n=32) era de estado civil soltero. Además del ASI, el 29,5% (13) recibió violencia de pareja, de otros parientes y fuera del hogar, 25% (11) de padres, otros familiares y fuera del hogar,; 25% (11) pareja, otros familiares, fuera del hogar, 4,5% (2) padres, pareja, otros familiares y fuera del hogar, 15,9% (7) fuera del hogar. El 36,4% (16) tenía trastornos del estado de ánimo, 18,2% (8) de ansiedad, 15,9% (7) de personalidad, 4,5% (2) psicóticos, 13,6% (6) dos o más trastornos, y 6,8% (3) patología dual. Es una población de mujeres jóvenes, solteras, víctimas de abuso sexual y padecieron fundamentalmente trastornos del estado de ánimo, de ansiedad y de personalidad.

Sexual abuse affects people from different social classes, independently of their cultureand religion, in all countries. This study aimed to analyze the sexual abuse suffered byadults who attended the outpatient service of the Department of Psychiatry of the Facultyof Medical Sciences. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study with non-probability sampling.It analyzed 254 clinical records of patients who attended the service for psychotherapybetween 2010 and 2012 and 44 victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) were selected. Thediagnoses of the mental disorders were made using the DSM classification. The 95.4%(42) was women, 31.8% (14) was between 19 and 25 years old, 38.6% (17) between 26and 35 and 72.7% (32) was single Apart from CSA, 29.5% (13) received violence frompartners, relatives and outside of the home, 25% (11) from their parents, relatives andoutside of the home, 4.5% (2) from parents, partners, relatives and outside of the home.

La seducción sexual infantil: revolución y repercusiones de la teoría de Freud / The infantile sexual seduction: revolution and aftermath of Freud's theory

There is no question about the negative effects of child sexual abuse. Freud's seduction theory asserts that psychoneuroses in adults are caused by reactivation of forgotten recollections of gross sexual abuse (involving the genitals) that had taken place prior to the age of 8 to 10 years. His contribution consisted in the discovery of specific events, prior to puberty, which were indispensable to the formation of psychoneuroses. If an adult patient recalled an infantile sexual experience, Freud assumed the interference of a pervert: a child was sexually innocent unless it had been traumatized. But Freud's technique of clinical exploration had not attained adequate reliability and was not immune to prejudices. Freud himself dropped his mechanical, static theory that presupposed a single type of accidentally occurring trauma prior to puberty, allowing him to develop his new drive and fantasy theory.