Caracterização morfológica e morfométrica de estágios larvares de Strongyloides spp, ancilostomídeos e Angiostrongylus spp: subsídios para identificação em amostras ambientais / Morphological and morphometric characterization of larval stages of Strongyloides spp, hookworms and Angiostrongylus spp: subsidies for identification in environmental samples

A identificação precisa de nematódeos de interesse médico-veterinário em amostras de solo ou alimentos é uma ação complexa, devido à grande diversidade de nematódeos no ambiente. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a caracterização morfológica e morfométrica de diferentes estágios larvários de ancilostomídeos, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides venezuelensis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis e Angiostrongylus costaricensis, e desenvolver um estudo de similaridade entre espécies do mesmo gênero, a fim de orientar o diagnóstico diferencial com os nematódeos ambientais. As larvas foram fixadas e diversos parâmetros corporais foram mensurados, para os quais foi realizada estatística descritiva e estudo de similaridade. Os resultados médios das larvas padrões foram compatíveis com os descritos para as espécies, com variabilidade em alguns parâmetros. S. stercoralis e S. venezuelensis demonstraram similaridade de 59% para L1 e 79% para L3, com maior diferenciação entre os grupos em relação à extremidade anterior e ao primórdio genital. No pool de larvas de ancilostomídeos, verificou-se uma grande variação nos parâmetros avaliados, especialmente quanto ao comprimento total do corpo. A. cantonensis e A. costaricensis apresentaram 48% de similaridade entre L1 e 76% para L3. Por meio da análise morfométrica e de similaridade verificou-se a possibilidade do aprimoramento do diagnóstico diferencial de nematódeos de origem ambiental. (AU)

Due to the enormous diversity of nematodes in the environment, identifying nematodes of medical and veterinary significance within soil or food samples can be challenging. To facilitate the differential diagnosis with environmental nematodes, this study aimed morphologically and morphometrically characterize various larval stages of hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides venezuelensis, Angiostrongylus cantonensi and Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Additionally, a similarity study was conducted among species within the same genus. The larvae were fixated and several body parameters were measured for the analysis, which included a comparison using descriptive statistics. Despite some parameter fluctuation, the average results for standard larvae were consistent with those of the respective species as a whole. The similarity between S. stercoralis and S. venezuelensis was 59% for L1 and 79% for L3, with more pronounced differences observed in the anterior extremity and the genital primordium. The examined parameters exhibited significant variation among the pool of hookworm larvae, particularly concerning the total length of the body. The similarities between A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis larvae ranged from 48% for L1 to 76% for L3. Analyses of morphometric and similarity data provided support for the potential improvement of differentiation between nematodes with environmental origins. This research contributes to enhancing the accuracy of identifying medically and veterinary relevant nematodes present in soil. (AU)

Análise imuno-histoquímica da Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) e sua influência sobre a proliferação celular e a apoptose em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas / Immunohistochemical analysis of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and its influence on cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions

Introdução: Os cistos e tumores odontogênicos são lesões que apresentam comportamento biológico heterogêneo e patogênese ainda não totalmente esclarecida. A Yes-associated protein (YAP) atua como um regulador transcricional de genes envolvidos na proliferação celular e na apoptose, participando da ativação de vias associadas ao crescimento cístico e à progressão neoplásica. Objetivo: Analisar a expressão imuno-histoquímica da proteína YAP e correlacioná-la com marcadores envolvidos na proliferação celular e na apoptose em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas. Metodologia: A amostra consistiu de 95 casos de lesões odontogênicas - 25 cistos dentígeros (CDs), 30 CO não sindrômicos (COs), 30 AMB convencionais (AMB-Cs) e 10 AMB unicísticos (AMB-Us) -, além de 10 espécimes de folículo dentários (FD). Foi realizada coleta dos dados clinico-demográficos dos casos, bem como análise morfológica para melhor caracterização da amostra. Os cortes histológicos foram submetidos à técnica imuno-histoquímica através da utilização dos anticorpos YAP, ciclina D1, Ki-67 e Bcl-2, e a análise da expressão destes foi realizada quali-quantitativamente, mediante metodologia adaptada. Os dados coletados seguiram para análise descritiva e estatística (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Houve discreta predileção por mulheres (n = 55; 57,6%) e por indivíduos na faixa etária dos 21 aos 40 anos (n = 50; 47,6%), sendo a região posterior de mandíbula mais afetada (64%). A análise da imunoexpressão de YAP revelou maiores níveis de expressão em COs, especialmente nas camadas basal e parabasal, seguido dos AMB-Us e AMB-Cs, que demonstraram moderada imunorreatividade, predominantemente nas células periféricas. Além disso, houve diferenças significativas quanto à imunoexpressão de YAP entre os grupos analisados, com existência de correlações positivas e estatisticamente significativas entre YAP e ciclina D1 em CDs e AMB-Us, e entre YAP e Ki-67 em AMB-Us (p < 0,05). Todavia, entre a imunoexpressão YAP e Bcl-2, foi verificada ausência de correlação estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: A YAP pode exercer influência sobre a proliferação celular do epitélio de cistos e tumores odontogênicos, auxiliando, assim, na progressão das diferentes lesões odontogênicas (AU).

Background: Odontogenic cysts and tumors present heterogeneous biological behavior, and their etiopathogenesis is not fully understood yet. Yes-associated protein (YAP) acts as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, activating pathways associated with cystic growth and neoplastic progression. Objective: To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of YAP protein and correlate it with markers involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Methods: The sample consisted of 95 cases of odontogenic lesions - 25 dentigerous cysts (DCs), 30 non-syndromic odontogenic keratocyst (OKCs), 30 conventional AMB (C-AMBs), and 10 unicystic AMB (UAMBs) -, in addition to 10 specimens of dental follicles (DF). Clinicodemographic data collection was carried out, as well as morphological analysis for better characterization of the sample. The histological sections were submitted to the immunohistochemical technique using YAP, cyclin D1, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 antibodies, and their immunoexpression analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively, through an adapted methodology. The collected data were submitted for descriptive and statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a slight predilection for women (n = 55; 57.6%) and individuals aged between 21 and 40 years (n = 50; 47.6%), with the posterior region of the mandible as the most affected site (64%). Analysis of YAP immunoexpression revealed higher expression levels in OKCs, especially in the basal and parabasal layers, followed by U-AMBs and C-AMBs, which showed moderate immunoreactivity, predominantly in peripheral cells. In addition, there were significant differences in YAP immunoexpression between the analyzed groups, with positive and statistically significant correlations between YAP and cyclin D1 in DCs and U-AMBs, and between YAP and Ki-67 in U-AMBs (p < 0.05). However, between YAP and Bcl-2 immunoexpression, there was no statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: YAP may influence on the cell proliferation of odontogenic cysts and tumors epithelium, thus helping with the progression of the different odontogenic lesions (AU) .

Blunt-chest-trauma-induced acute myocardial infarction

Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is one of the rarest causes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This paper reports the case of a young married man who suffered from AMI due to BCT sustained in a fight with his wife. The histopathology examination revealed a rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombus in the proximal left anterior descending artery. This report also reviews previously reported BCT-induced AMI cases in the literature.

Análisis morfológico de rugosidades palatinas en una población costarricense / Morphological analysis of palatal rugae pattern in Costa Rican population

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer los patrones morfológicos presentes en las rugosidades palatinas de una población costarricense mediante el método de Trobo y efectuar un análisis estadístico con las variables de sexo, edad y afinidad biológica. Se eligiron al azar 70 pacientes a los que se realizaron impresiones y modelos dentales superiores, se documentó el sexo, edad y afinidad biológica de cada uno, junto con el consentimiento informado. Se analizó estadísticamente la distribución de patrones de género, edad y afinidad biológica. Las técnicas para el análisis de la información fueron las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman; pruebas de Chi cuadrado, para evaluar la independencia entre las características de edad y sexo. Estas pruebas señalan un predominio de tipos de rugas palatinas rectas y de tipo simples tanto en la población masculina como femenina, sin encontrarse variación en el número de rugas asociadas a sexo o afinidad biológica; pero sí se determinó diferencia por grupo de edad, disminuyen en número conforme se incrementa la edad. Por otra parte no se presentó dimorfismo por sexo, lateralidad ni posición.

Abstract The present study aimed to establish the morphological patterns present in the palatal rugae in a Costa Rican population by means of the Trobo method and to carry out a statistical analysis with the variables of sex, age and biological affinity. Seventy patients were randomly chosen to whom impressions and superior dental models were made, the sex, age and biological affinity of each one was documented, together with the informed consent. The distribution of gender, age and biological affinity patterns was statistically analyzed. The techniques for the analysis of the information were the frequency distributions, crossing of variables, comparison of means based on the analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation coefficient; Chi square tests, to evaluate the independence between the characteristics of age and sex. These tests indicate a predominance of straight and simple types of palatal rugae in both the male and female population, with no variation in the number of rugae associated with sex or biological affinity; but a difference was determined by age group, they decrease in number as age increases. On the other hand, there was no dimorphism due to sex, laterality or position.

Peculiarities of Morphology of Large Salivary Glands in Experimental Animals Under Different Conditions of Motor Activity of Their Mothers During Pregnancy

Objective: To evaluate of the microstructure of the salivary glands of experimental animals born from of females rats, who were subjected to different modes of motor activity during the pregnancy: limited and compensated by regular moderate training. Material and Methods: The sample was composed 84 three-month-old descendants of Wistar rats which were divided into three groups: G1 (n = 27): posterity of female rats, who during gestation were in standard conditions; G2 (n = 25): posterity of female rats, who during pregnancy were in hypokinesia conditions; G3 (n = 32): which stayed in conditions of hypokinesia, but had running load in running wheel regularly 5 times a week. Results: In adult descendants of G2, morphological structure of the submandibular salivary glands was characterized by decrease size and number of glandular cells; reduction of their cytoplasm; increase in heterochromatin amount and decrease in the intensity of fuchsinophilia. Microstructure of the submandibular salivary glands of the offspring of G3 indicates positive effect of regular short-term physical activity on the morphofunctional state of the specified glands. An increased number of tissue basophils in their stroma is also in favor of greater functional activity of salivary glands. Conclusion: This study indicates deceleration of the metabolic processes in salivary glands of animals under the influence of hypokinesia of their mothers during pregnancy. It was also confirmed that regular physical activity completely eliminates the negative effect of mothers' hypokinesia on morphology the salivary glands of the descendant.

Células del cuello uterino con atipias que no descartan una lesión de alto grado (ASC-H) con premalignidad / Cervical atypical cells-cannot exclude a premalignant high-grade lesion (ASC-H)

Introducción: la presencia de células escamosas con atipias que no descartan una lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (ASC-H) es significativa, pues cerca de 50% podrían corresponder a una lesión premaligna del cérvix uterino. Objetivo: describir las alteraciones citomorfológicas más frecuentes en los extendidos citológicos categorizados como células escamosas con atipias que no descartan una lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (ASC-H), con existencia de lesión clínicamente significativa en el resultado histopatológico. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo en el laboratorio de citología de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes y Clínica de Prevención del Cáncer de la Sociedad Anticancerosa, Mérida-Venezuela, de los casos analizados entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2016 con resultados citológicos cervicales ASC-H. Resultados: 35,8% (19/53) de los casos presentaron un resultado histopatológico anormal: 22,6% solo infección por HPV y 13,2% una lesión premaligna (CIN) combinada con infección por HPV. El 73,7% con CIN y/o HPV presentó células metaplásicas inmaduras atípicas con hipercromasia (78,6%), anisocariosis (100%), cromatina y membrana irregular (92,9%), sobre fondo de frotis no inflamatorio. Conclusiones: las alteraciones citomorfológicas más frecuentes en los extendidos citológicos de cuello uterino categorizadas como ASC-H y significativamente asociadas con lesión en el resultado histopatológico fueron: anisocariosis, hipercromasia, cromatina y membrana nuclear irregular, sobre un fondo de frotis limpio. Las mismas atipias fueron comunes en los grupos con CIN 1, 2 o 3 y/o HPV, con diferencias estadísticas significativas (p<0,05).

Introduction: the presence of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) is significant, for approximately 50% could correspond to a cervix premalignant lesion. Objective: to describe the most frequent cytomorphological alterations on cervical cytology categorized as ASC-H, associated with a clinically significant histologically proven lesion. Methodology: this was a retrospective study performed at the cytology laboratory of the School of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis of Andes University and the Cancer Prevention Clinic of the Anti-Cancer Society in Merida-Venezuela, on cases with an ASC-H result on cervical cytology, analyzed between January 2010 and December 2016. Results: abnormal histopathological results were found in 35.8% (19/53) of cases: 22.6% had only an infection by HPV and 13.2% a premalignant lesion (CIN) combined with a HPV infection. 73.7% with CIN and/or HPV presented atypical immature metaplastic cells with hyperchromasia (78%), anisokaryosis (100%), and irregular nuclear membrane chromatin (92.9%), on a non-inflammatory background. Conclusions: the most frequent cytomorphological alterations on cervical cytology categorized as ASC-H associated with a significant histologically proven lesion were: anisokaryosis, hyperchromasia and irregular nuclear membrane chromatin, on a clean background. The same atypical cells were common in the CIN 1, 2 or 3 and/or HPV groups, showing statistical significant differences (p<0.05).

Ecología trófica y rasgos ecomorfológicos del pez Triportheus magdalenae (Characiformes: Triportheidae) en el embalse El Guájaro, río Magdalena, Colombia / Trophic ecology and ecomorphological traits of the fish Triportheus magdalenae (Characiformes: Triportheidae) in the El Guájaro reservoir, Magdalena River, Colombia

Resumen Este estudio integró las características ecomorfológicas y la ecología trófica de Triportheus magdalenae en el embalse El Guájaro, Atlántico, bajo Magdalena, Colombia, a partir del análisis del contenido estomacal y rasgos ecomorfológicos. Se realizaron cinco muestreos entre septiembre 2014 y febrero 2016 para abarcar cada momento del pulso de inundación. La recolecta de los peces fue a través de artes de pesca tradicional como atarrayas y redes de arrastre. Se utilizó el índice alimentario (IAi %) para establecer los hábitos alimentarios de la especie, y la variación de la dieta a nivel interespecífico, y se usó el coeficiente de vacuidad (CV %). Se emplearon los índices de Levins Estandarizado por Hurlbert (BA) e índice de Morisita Simplificado para evaluar la amplitud y similitud trófica entre tallas, sexo y momentos hidrológicos. Se caracterizó las estructuras bucofaríngeas y el tracto digestivo, que junto con medidas morfológicas permitieron establecer y analizar 11 rasgos ecomorfológicos relacionados con el uso del hábitat como posición en la columna de agua y la explotación del recurso trófico. Se analizó la relación entre los rasgos ecomorfológicos con la dieta de la especie, por medio de un análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC). Se analizaron 89 ejemplares (34-190 mm LE). T. magdalenae fue catalogado como carnívoro-zooplanctófago, con un estrecho nicho trófico (BA = 0.12). Se evidenció una alta explotación de los organismos del zooplancton (95.9 IAi %), intensivamente Cladócera (Ceriodaphnia sp.) y Copépoda (Notodiaptomus sp. y Thermocyclops sp), los juveniles (34-190 mm LE) consumieron intensamente los insectos alóctonos (3.4 IAi %). Los rasgos que más aportan a la especialización trófica fueron la longitud relativa de las branquiespinas y el número de branquiespinas, los cuales varían significativamente entre tallas, ya que aumentan en número como en longitud conforme los individuos crecen. El coeficiente de vacuidad fue alto del 54 %, lo cual pudo estar asociado con la disminución en la densidad de las poblaciones de zooplancton, especialmente durante el momento de aguas mínimas fuertemente influenciado por el evento El Niño, sin embargo la dieta observada (22 ítems alimentarios) correspondió al 80 % de la dieta estimada (28 ítems alimentarios estimados).

Abstract This study integrated morphological characteristics and trophic ecology of Triportheus magdalenae in the El Guájaro reservoir, Atlántico, lower Magdalena River Basin, Colombia, based on the analysis of stomach contents and ecomorphological attributes. Five samplings were made between September 2014 and February 2016 considering each phase of the flood pulse. The fish were sampled using traditional fishing gear such as nets and trawls. The index of food importance (IAi %) was used to establish the dietary habits of the species, and the variation of the diet at interspecific level, and the vacuity coefficient (CV %) was also calculated. The Levins index standardized by Hurlbert (BA) was used to evaluate the amplitude between sizes, sex and hydrological phases. The oropharyngeal structures and the digestive tract were characterized, which together with morphological measurements, allowed and analyze 11 ecomorphological traits related to the use of habitat, such as position in the water column, and the exploitation of a particular trophic resource. The relationship between the ecomorphological traits and the diet of the species was analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). We analyzed 89 individuals (34-124 mm SL). Triportheus magdalenae was classified as carnivore/zooplanktivore, and has a narrow trophic niche (BA = 0.12). Showed a high exploitation of zooplankton (95.9 % IAi), mostly Cladocera (Ceriodaphnia sp.) and Copepoda (Notodiaptomus sp. and Thermocyclops sp). The youngest juveniles (34-190 mm SL) also consumed allochthonous insects (3.4 % IAi). The ecomorphological traits that contributed the most to this trophic specialization were the relative length of the gillrakers (LRBE). The number of gillrakers (NBE), which varied significantly from the smaller to the larger ones, increase in both number as well as in length as individuals grow, which explains the strongly marked degree of specialization on zooplankton in adults, since they present a greater degree of efficiency in the process of filtering. The vacuity coefficient was high (54 %), which could be associated with a decrease in the density of zooplankton populations, especially during the time of lower waters strongly influenced by the El Niño event, however the observed diet (22 items food) corresponded to 80 % of the diet estimated (28 estimated food items). Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1208-1222. Epub 2018 September 01.

Cambios morfofuncionales en el periodoncio asociados al movimiento dentario por tratamiento ortodóncico / Morfofunctional changes in the periodontium associated to the teeth movement due to orthodontic treatment

Los cambios morfofuncionales que se producen en las estructuras de soporte dentario durante el movimiento ortodóncico involucran procesos bioquímicos, histológicos y fisiológicos. Desde hace más de un siglo, existen disímiles teorías que tratan de explicarlos; sin embargo, todavía se siguen realizando estudios a fin de comprenderlos más a fondo. En la presente comunicación se ofrece una actualización secuencial y resumida de dichos episodios, con el propósito de incrementar el nivel de conocimientos sobre el tema y mejorar la calidad en la atención ortodóncica.

Morfofunctional changes which take place in the supporting structures during the orthodontic movement involve biochemical, histological and physiologic processes. For more than one century, dissimilar theories exist that try to explain to them; however, studies are still being carried out in order to understand them thoroughly. In the present communication a sequential and summarized updating of these episodes, with the purpose of increasing the knowledge on the topic and improving the quality in the orthodontic care.

Clasificación morfológica de células endoteliales de venas del cordón umbilical humano en imágenes digitales de cultivos in vitro / Morphological classification of endothelial cells of veins from the human umbilical cord in digital images of in vitro cultures

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal desde julio hasta octubre de 2017, por especialistas de la Universidad de Oriente y de la Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil, para analizar desde el punto de vista morfológico células endoteliales de venas del cordón umbilical humano, presentes en imágenes digitales de cultivos in vitro 2D, tratadas con la ß2GPI. . Se propuso la clasificación supervisada celular considerando 3 clases: circulares, deformadas alargadas y deformadas poco alargadas, según los coeficientes de formas elíptico y circular, todo lo cual permitió identificar formas celulares relevantes. Para comparar los resultados de las muestras de control y las tratadas, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza para cada una de las clases, con un nivel de confianza de 95 por ciento. Se concluye que el análisis de las alteraciones morfológicas in vitro puede ser utilizada en cultivos 2D precoces (de 24 y 48 horas) para la cuantificación de la angiogénesis

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from July to October, 2017, by specialists of the Oriente University and the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to analyze from the morphological point of view endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord veins, which were present in digital images of 2D in vitro cultures, treated with the ß2GPI. The cellular supervised classification was proposed considering 3 classes: circular, distorted elongated and distorted not very elongated, according to the coefficients of elliptic and circular shapes, all that allowed to identify outstanding cellular forms. To compare the results of the control and treated samples, the intervals of confidence were calculated for each of the classes, with a 95 percent level of confidence. It was concluded that the analysis of the morphological disorders in vitro can be used in early 2D cultures (24 and 48 hours) for the quantification of the angiogenesis

The effect of mesenchymal stem cell use on intra-abdominal adhesions in a rat model

PURPOSE: Intra-abdominal adhesions (IAA) are among the most frequently seen pathologies in general surgery practice with an increased morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the effect of locally applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on IAA. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into three groups including: Sham, control, and MSCs group. On day 0, cecum was reached under anesthesia in all groups, except the Sham group. Scraping with a sponge was performed until petechial bleeding occurred. The control group received no treatment. In the stem cell group, MSCs were applied topically immediately after surgery on adhesions. The rats were sacrificed on day 10 and colon tissues and blood samples were collected for macroscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: In our study, E-selectin, P-selectin, TNF-α and IL-1 levels were statistically significantly lower in the MSC group than the control group, while the sham group has the lowest levels. In both the macroscopic and histopathological analyses (Zühlke's scale), the least amount of adhesion was observed in the Sham group. In addition, although there was less adhesion in the MSC group than the control group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Topical MSC application immediately after surgery suppresses the inflammatory process. However it was found to be ineffective in histopathological and macroscopic examinations performed on the 10th day.

Reporte de caso por infección de virus Influenza A H1N1: hallazgos de autopsia / Case report of Influenza virus H1N1 infection: autopsy findings

La influenza continúa siendo una causa importante de muerte en las Américas; en nuestro país al igual que en otros países del continente, hay circulación viral sostenida del virus Influenza A H1N1pdm09, este reporte describe los hallazgos histopatológicos más relevantes, encontrados en femenina de 32 años de edad, con antecedentes de anemia drepanocítica; que falleció tres días después de inicio de síntomas respiratorios. La autopsia estableció como causa de muerte neumonía, daño alveolar difuso (DAD), edema, hemorragia, membranas hialinas y colonias bacterianas secundarias a infección por virus Influenza AH1N1pdm09. Este reporte destaca la importancia que el médico forense realice una labor integrativa, de los hallazgos macro y microscópicos y exámenes complementarios de la autopsia en el contexto epidemiológico y clínico en el que se dan los decesos...(AU)

Utilización de signos inespecíficos en el diagnóstico de asfixia por sumersión. Caso y revisión bibliográfica / Use of nonspecific signs in the diagnosis of asphyxia by submersion. Case and Bibliographic review

Las asfixias por sumersión representan un enorme reto para los médicos no solo por la dificultad para llegar a un diagnóstico definitivo de la causa de muerte, sino por la dificultad para determinar las circunstancias en las que se han producido; cuando el cadáver además está en putrefacción, representan un verdadero desafío; por lo que en algunos de estos casos, los forenses se auxilian de hallazgos inespecíficos para establecer la causa de muerte. Presentamos el caso de un menor de edad que se encontró en las riveras de un río, con antropofagia cadavérica extensa y en estado de putrefacción, la causa de muerte se concluyó utilizando algunos hallazgos inespecíficos como indicadores de asfixia por sumersión. Se analizó la validez de utilizar estos signos como indicadores asfícticos...(AU)

Correlación entre marcadores inflamatorios y hallazgos histopatológicos en la apendicitis aguda / Correlation between inflammatory markers and histopathological findings in acute appendicitis

Antecedente:la apendicitis aguda (AA) es la causa más común de emergencias quirúrgicas agudas que requieren intervención quirúrgica; se estima que el riesgo de padecerla durante la vida es del 7 %. Objetivo:analizar el papel de la proteína C reactiva (PCR), recuento de glóbulos blancos (CWB ) y porcentaje de neutrófilos (PN) para optimizar la calidad del diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda y compararlo con los hallazgos histopatológicos. Metodología:se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 210 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de apendicitis aguda que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente en los que se realizó hemograma y PCR durante el período prequirúrgico. Las muestras obtenidas en el transquirúrgico fueron analizadas mediante histopatología. Se realizó una correlación diagnóstica entre los marcadores proinflamatorios y los hallazgos operatorios y patológicos. Resultados: en los pacientes con apendicitis aguda complicada se observó: conteo de leucocitos mayorde 15(×109/l), porcentaje de neutrófilos mayor de 85% y PCR mayor de 10 mg/L. Cifras elevadas de PCR, WBC y PN fueron observadas en 102 pacientes(48.57%), tomando en cuenta que los valores de PCR mayores de 21.48 mg/L se relacionaron con estadios avanzados de apendicitis. El histopatológico mostró que las apendicitis de tipo gangrenoso fue la más frecuente(51% eran mujeres y 48% hombres); el rango de edad fluctuó entre 15 y 80 años (media: 24,4). Conclusión:la medición de la PCR mejora la precisión diagnóstica de apendicitis aguda, sobre todo si se suman los valores de leucocitos y porcentaje de neutrófilos. La PCR y la neutrofilia son marcadores inflamatorios de gran sensibilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica de apendicitis aguda.

Background:Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common acute surgical emergencies requiring surgery cause a risk of suffering during the life of an estimated 7%. Objective: To analyze the role of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood count (WBC) and Neutrophil percentage (NP) in improving the accuracy of acute appendicitis diagnosis and to compare it with the histopathology findings. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted in 210 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis who underwent surgery which underwent a blood test and PCR in the pre-surgical. The samples obtained in the transsurgical were analyzed by histopathology and subsequently correlated with the pro inflammatory markers was made. Results: In patients with appendicitis CRP and WBC were elevated in 126 patients (72.8%), while the NP and CRP were higher in 117 patients (67.6%) and CRP, WBC and PN were elevated in 116 patients (67.6%); taking into account that CRP values greater than 11.7 mg / dl and above 82% neutrophils correlated with advanced stages of appendicitis. Histopathological showed that gangrenous appendicitis were the most frequent type, 51% of patients were women and 48% were men, aged between 15 and 80 years with a mean of 24.4. Conclusion:Measuring PCR improves the diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis especially if the values of leukocytes and percentage of neutrophils are added. CRP and neutrophilic inflammatory markers are great sensitivity for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute appendicitis.

Morfología y morfometría del endotelio corneal en adultos sin alteraciones corneales / Morphology and morphometry of the corneal endothelium in adults without corneal alterations

Objetivo: describir las características morfológicas y morfométricas del endotelio corneal en adultos sin alteraciones corneales atendidos en el Servicio de Córnea del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período comprendido de enero a julio del año 2015. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal de serie de casos, en el Servicio de Córnea. Después de aplicar los criterios de exclusión, la muestra quedó conformada por 324 ojos de 162 pacientes adultos. Se realizó microscopia endotelial de no contacto SP-3000P, para identificar los valores morfológicos (hexagonalidad-coeficiente de variabilidad) y morfométricos (densidad celular-paquimetría) y el promedio del tamaño celular. Resultados: según los grupos de edades, no hubo diferencias en cuanto a la paquimetría en ambos ojos (p> 0,05). En relación con la densidad, existieron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos de edades en ambos ojos (p< 0,001). Los valores de las medias de la hexagonalidad y del coeficiente de variabilidad no mostraron diferencias significativas (p> 0,05) en ambos ojos. Los valores de las medias del tamaño celular promedio según grupos de edades fueron diferentes de forma significativa en ambos ojos (p< 0,001). No existieron diferencias significativas (p< 0,05) entre los sexos según ojos derecho e izquierdo. Conclusiones: el estudio del endotelio corneal mediante la utilización del microscopio especular constituye un método efectivo que permite conocer las características de las células endoteliales(AU)

Objective: to describe the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the corneal endotelium in adults without corneal alterations at the cornea care service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period of January to July 2015. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional case series study conducted in a final sample of 324 eyes from 162 adult patients at the cornea care service after using the exclusion approaches. SP-3000P non-contact endothelial microscopy was performed to identify the morphological (hexagonality and variability coefficient) and morphometric (cellular density-pachymetry) values as well as the average cell size. The analyzed period embraced from January to July of 2015. Results: there were no differences as for the pachymetry in both eyes (p>0,05) by age groups. Regarding density, significant differences in both eyes among the different group ages (p< 0,001) were found. The mean values of hexagonality and the variability coefficient did not show significant differences (p> 0.05) in both eyes. The mean values of the average cell size by age groups were significantly different in both eyes (p< 0.001). Significant differences were not found (p< 0.05) between sexes in terms of the left and right eyes. Conclusions: the study of the corneal endothelium by means of the specular microscope is an effective method that allows identifying the endothelial cell characteristics(AU)

Efectos histomorfológicos en la mandíbula de ratas albinas sometidas a dieta deficiente en proteína y diferentes concentraciones de hierro / Histo-morphological effects on the jaw of albino rats subjected to diet deficient in protein and different concentrations of iron

La nutrición es un fenómeno peculiar y activo de los seres vivientes en su constante proceso de intercambio con el medio ambiente. Objetivo: Se evaluó el efecto histomorfológico en la mandíbula de ratas albinas sometidas a dieta deficiente en proteína con diferentes concentraciones de hierro. Metodología: La muestra fue de 24 ratas albinas Holzman machos; de 21 días de nacidas, agrupadas en 4 grupos experimentales, alimentadas liad libitum" durante 46 días; grupo A (control) recibió proteína 10g hierro 29 mg/100g, grupo B recibió proteína 10g, hierro 46 mg/100g; grupo C proteína 5g Hierro 29 mg/100g); grupo D proteína 5g, hierro 46 mg/100mg. Se controló el peso corporal y consumo del alimento. La medición anatómica de la mandíbula (longitudinal vertical, grosor del cuerpo, longitud vertical rama) y primera molar inferior (longitud coronal y mesiodistal), análisis y conteo celular de los elementos estructurales del complejo dentino-pulpar, del periodonto de inserción y del cóndilo. Resultados: Existen cambios histomorfológicos en el complejo dentino-pulpar, periodonto de inserción y cóndilo, traducidos en disminución de los elementos celulares, capa dentinaria disminuida, zona acelular de Weil evidente; presencia de grupos isogénicos nodulares, e hipertróficos en el grupo C, y grupos isogénicos columnares alternando con zonas nodulares hipertróficas en el grupo D del cóndilo. En ratas albinas sometidas a dieta proteína 5g, hierro 26mg /100g y 46 mg/100g) grupos C y D. Conclusiones: Las dietas deficientes en proteína y diferentes concentraciones de hierro (proteína 5g, hierro 29,46 mg/100g) producen cambios histomorfológicos de la mandíbula, disminuyendo la capa dentinaria, los odontoblastos y fibroblastos pulpares, las fibras colágenas, disminución del número de fibroblastos, cementoblastos, osteoblastos, osteocitos y osteoclastos; disminución del número de condroblastos, condrocitos. Disminución en el peso corporal, longitud y grosor de la de la mandíbula...

Nutrition is a phenomenon peculiar and active living beings in their ongoing process of exchange with the environment. Objective: Histomorphological effect the jaw albino rats subjected to protein-deficient diet with different iron concentrations assessed. Methodology: The sample consisted of 24 male albino rats Holzman; 21 days old, grouped into 4 experimental groups fed ôad libitum" for 46 days; Group A (control) received 29 mg protein 10g hierro / 100g, group B received 10g protein, 46 mg iron / 100g; 5g protein C group lron 29 mg / 100g); Group D protein 5g, 46 mg iron / 100mg, The anatomical jaw (vertical longitudinal body thickness, vertical branch length) and lower first molar (coronal and mesiodistal length) cell count analysis and structural elements of the dentin-pulp complex periodontal insertion and the condyle. Results: There histomorphological changes in the dentin-pulp, periodontal insertion and condyle translated in decreased cellular elements, earmark layer decreased, acellular obvious area Wiel complex; periodontal membrane stage, presence of nodular isogenic groups, and hypertrophic in group C, columnar and nodular isogenic groups alternating with hypertrophic zones in group C condyle. In rats subjected to diet 5g protein, iron 26mg /100g y 46 mg / 100g) groups C and D. Conclusions: Diets deficient in protein (5g protein, iron 29.46 mg / 100g), and different iron concentration, produces histomorphological effect the jaw rats; reducing dentin layer, pulp odontoblasts and fibroblasts, collagen fibers, reducing the number of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts; fewer chondroblasts, chondrocytes. Decrease in body weight, length and thickness of the jaw; coronal mesiodistal length and diameter of the first molar of the rats.

Estudos morfológicos e morfométricos de espécimes de fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) provenientes de bovinos de diferentes áreas geográficas / Morphology and morphometry of fasciola hepatica specimens from cattle in different

A fasciolíase tem sido considerada uma infecção de grande importância para asaúde pública, além de causar impactos na economia, devido ao aumento do número decasos. É considerada endêmica no Peru e na Bolívia. No Brasil, a doença é endêmicano estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Apesar de estudos morfológicos e morfométricos teremsido realizados ao longo dos últimos dez anos, ainda são poucas as informaçõesrelacionadas à morfologia de Fasciola hepatica. Estudos realizados com espécimes dediferentes regiões geográficas demonstram que as características morfométricas devermes adultos e ovos podem variar de acordo com a localidade de origem dohospedeiro.Neste estudo avaliamos se estas variações também ocorrem em espécimes obtidosde bovinos provenientes de quatro diferentes áreas geográficas, utilizando diferentestécnicas de microscopia. Para isso, os vermes adultos foram submetidos à microscopiade campo claro, microscopia de campo claro com interferência diferencial, microscopiaeletrônica de varredura e microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Os resultados obtidos através dos estudos morfológicos, para cada localidade, demonstram diferenças entre os espécimes estudados, principalmente quando o tegumento foi observado.Para a morfometria, foram analisadas estruturas (comprimento total e largura total do corpo, proporção do comprimento/largura totais, comprimento e largura do cone cefálico,ventosa oral e ventosa ventral, distância entre ventosas) de espécimes adultos provenientes de Cordeiro (RJ), Lavras (MG), Catamarca e Salta (Argentina). Quando analisados o comprimento do corpo, largura do corpo, comprimento do cone, largura do cone, distância entre ventosa oral e ventosa ventral, as medidas apresenta ramdiferenças entre as localidades e os resultados obtidos por outros autores...

The fascioliasis infection has been considered of great importance to public healthand cause economic impacts due to the increased number of cases in recent years. It isconsidered endemic in Peru and Bolivia. In Brazil, the disease is endemic in the state ofRio Grande do Sul. Although morphological and morphometric studies have beenconducted over the past few years, little is known about the morphology of Fasciolahepatica. Studies conducted with specimens from different regions show that themorphometric characteristics of adult worms and eggs can vary according to location ofhost origin.We evaluated whether these changes also occur in specimens obtained from cattlefrom four different geographical areas using different microscopy techniques. For this,the adult worms were subjected to bright field microscopy, brightfield microscopy withdifferential interference contrast, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laserscanning microscopy. The results obtained from morphological studies, in each locality,demonstrate differences between the studied specimens, especially when the tegumentwas observed.For morphometry, structures (total length and width oral total body length ratio / totalwidth, length and width of the cone head, sucker and ventral sucker, distance betweensuckers) of adult specimens from Lamb (RJ) were analyzed, mines (MG), Catamarcaand Salta (Argentina). When analyzed body length, body width, length of the cone, conewidth, distance between oral sucker and ventral sucker measures showed differencesbetween localities and the results obtained by other authors...

Complicaciones pulmonares de las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas: a propósito de un caso con miopatía diafragmática / Pulmonary Complications of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a case with myopathy of the diaphragm

Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas son el mayor grupo de miopatías adquiridas. Con base en los hallazgos clínicos, histopatológicos, inmunológicos y demográficos pueden ser diferenciadas en tres diferentes subgrupos: dermatomiositis, polimiositis y miositis por cuerpos de inclusión. El compromiso pulmonar es cada vez más reconocido como una complicación grave y una causa frecuente de morbilidad y mortalidad en estas enfermedades. Existen tres categorías de complicaciones pulmonares en miositis inflamatoria: neumonía por aspiración, hipoventilación y enfermedad pulmonar intersticial. La falla respiratoria causada por hipoventilación es una complicación poco común de las miopatías inflamatorias, la cual se presenta en pacientes con debilidad muscular generalizada e inflamación de los músculos respiratorios de inspiración y espiración. La debilidad del diafragma es probablemente una manifestación frecuente e ignorada en las miopatías inflamatorias. Reportamos el caso de una mujer con miopatía inflamatoria en quien los hallazgos de la electromiografía de músculos diafragmas demostraron compromiso inflamatorio de este músculo.

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are the largest group of acquired myopathies. On the basis of clinical, histopathological, immunological and demographic features, they can be differentiated into three distinct subsets: dermatomyositis, polymyositis and inclusion-body myositis. Pulmonary involvement is increasingly recognized to be a serious complication and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in these diseases. There are three categories of pulmonary complications in inflammatory myositis: aspiration pneumonia, hypoventilation, and interstitial lung disease. Respiratory failure caused by hypoventilation is considered to be an uncommon complication of inflammatory myositis which occurs in patients with severe generalized muscle weakness and inflammation of inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscles. Diaphragm weakness is frequent and probably overlooked in inflammatory myopathies. We report the case of a woman with inflammatory myopathy in whom the findings of the diaphragm muscles electromyography demonstrated inflammatory involvement of this muscle.

Aspects morphologiques de l'effet de l'hydroxyanisol butyle sur l'hyperplasie thyroidienne chez la souris ICR

Ce travail avait pour objet d'etudier; en utilisant une approche morphologique l'effet du BHA sur l'hyperplasie thyroidienne induite chez la souris ICR par un regime carence en iode et l'administration de PTU ou de perchlorate. Nous avons observe; que le BHA a un effet antigoitrigene chez les souris traitees au LID et PTU; il induit une reduction du volume relatif de l'epithelium; une reaccumulation du colloide; une reduction de la proliferation cellulaire et une reduction de la vasodilatation Par ailleurs; le BHA induirait une augmentation de l'interstitium non vasculaire pour une raison qu'il reste a elucider. La confrontation de nos observations avec certains aspects de la physiologie thyroidienne nous fait evoquer deux hypotheses pour expliquer l'action vasodilatation du BHA sur la cellule thyroidienne; une inhibition de la secretion de TSH par l'hypophyse ou une resistance de la glande a la TSH. D'autres etudes fonctionnelles devront elucider ce point