Aspectos clínico-patológicos do carcinoma bronquioloalveolar e sobrevida em pacientes no estágio clínico I / Clinicopathological aspects of and survival in patients with clinical stage I bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos clínico-patológicos do carcinoma bronquioloalveolar (CBA) e a sobrevida em uma amostra de pacientes com estadiamento clínico I. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 26 pacientes com diagnóstico de CBA e estágio clínico I, , segundo a classificação tumor-node-metastasis (TNM, tumor-linfonodo-metástase),(15)operados no Instituto de Doenças do Tórax da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, entre 1987 e 2007, quanto a variáveis clínico-patológicas e radiológicas, mortalidade e sobrevida. Os dados foram colhidos dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes e analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de mulheres (n = 16). A idade média ao diagnóstico foi de 68,5 anos. Houve predomínio de tabagistas (69,2 por cento). As formas de apresentação assintomática (84,6 por cento) e nodular (88,5 por cento) foram as mais comuns. Houve predileção pelos lobos superiores (57,7 por cento). O estágio patológico IB foi o mais comum, seguido pelos estágios IA e IIB (46,2 por cento, 38,4 por cento e 15,4 por cento, respectivamente). Não houve óbitos hospitalares. Quatro pacientes faleceram durante o seguimento pós-operatório, com tempo livre de doença médio de 21,3 meses. A taxa de sobrevida global em cinco anos foi 83 por cento. A probabilidade de sobrevida para os pacientes diagnosticados depois de 1999 tendeu a ser maior do que para aqueles diagnosticados até 1999 (taxa de sobrevida em três anos: 92 por cento vs. 68 por cento; p = 0,07). CONCLUSÕES: Os aspectos clínico-patológicos da amostra estudada foram semelhantes àqueles de estudos anteriores em pacientes com CBA.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological aspects of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and the survival in a sample of patients at clinical stage I. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 26 patients diagnosed with clinical stage I BAC and undergoing surgery at the Thoracic Diseases Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1987 and 2007. We analyzed clinicopathological and radiological aspects, as well as mortality and survival. The data, which were collected from the medical charts of the patients, were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Females predominated (n = 16). The mean age at diagnosis was 68.5 years. Most patients were active smokers (69.2 percent). The most common forms of presentation of BAC were the asymptomatic form (84.6 percent) and the nodular form (88.5 percent). Involvement of the upper lobes predominated (57.7 percent). Stage IB was the most common pathological stage, followed by stages IA and IIB (46.2 percent, 38.4 percent and 15.4 percent, respectively). There was no in-hospital mortality. Four patients died during the postoperative follow-up, with a mean disease-free survival time of 21.3 months. The overall five-year survival rate was 83 percent. The probability of survival for the patients diagnosed after 1999 showed a trend toward an increase when compared with that for those diagnosed up through 1999 (three-year survival rate: 92 percent vs. 68 percent; p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The clinicopathological aspects of this study sample were similar to those of patients with BAC evaluated in previous studies.

Tamaño del tumor y supervivencia en carcinoma de pulmón, estadio IA / Tumor size and survival in lung cancer, stage IA

El estadio determinado por el sistema TNM (tumor, ganglios, metástasis) sigue siendo el factor predictor de supervivencia más importante en el carcinoma de pulmón. Sin embargo, varios estudios demostraron que el tamaño del tumor tenía valor pronóstico en sí mismo, aunque la relación entre tamaño tumoral y supervivencia dentro del grupo de tumores T1 todavía no es clara. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el valor del tamaño del tumor como factor pronóstico para la supervivencia en pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón de estadio IA, resecado quirúrgicamente. Se revisaron 79 pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas. En 34.4% de los pacientes (n = 28) el tamaño fue igual o menor a 1.5 cm. La mortalidad operatoria fue de 1.3%. Hubo recurrencia de la enfermedad en el 19%. Los pacientes con tumores de hasta 15 mm tuvieron una supervivencia a los 5 años de 95% (IC: 0.05) y con más de 15 mm, de 77%. (IC: 0.07), siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa (log-rank test: 0.035). La supervivencia libre de enfermedad fue de 95% en los tumores de hasta 15 mm y de 72% (IC: 0.09) en los de más de 15 mm. El análisis multivariado (Cox) mostró que el mayor determinante del riesgo de mortalidad fue el tamaño mayor de 15 mm (riesgo relativo 25.9, IC: 2.3-292, p = 0.004). Este estudio demuestra la influencia del tamaño del tumor en estadio IA, lo cual puede tener importancia práctica en función de las recientes propuestas de investigación sistemática de pacientes con alto riesgo de cáncer pulmonar.

TNM staging is an important long-term predictor for survival of lung cancer patients. Some studies have shown, however, that tumor size may have intrinsic prognostic value independent of TNM stage. The relationship between tumor size and survival is particularly unclear in T1 tumors. The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of tumor size in surgically resected stage I of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical records of 79 patients with stage IA NSCLC were reviewed. In 34.4% of patients (n = 28) size was ≤ 1.5 cm. Surgical mortality was 1.3%. Disease recurrence was noted in 19%. Patients with tumors ≤ 15 mm had a significantly higher 5-year survival (95% CI:0.05 vs. 77% CI: 0.07 in > 15mm group). Disease-free survival was 95% for tumors less than 15 mm vs. 72% in larger tumors. Using Cox Multivariate analysis, the most determinant factor for higher risk of mortality was size >15 mm (relative risk 25.9, IC: 2.3-292, p = 0.004). The independent influence of tumor size in stage IA NSCLC may have practical implications with regards to proposals for screening asymptomatic individuals at high risk for lung cancer.

Carcinoma broncoalveolar: sobrevida a cinco años / Bronchioalveolar carcinoma: five year survival

The epidemiology and prognosis of bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is different from adenocarcinoma. We studied 28 patients who underwent surgical resection and in whom a final histologic diagnosis of bronchioalveolar carcinoma was made. Sixty one percent of patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The most usual radiological presentations were pulmonary nodule (11), pulmonary mass (6) and diffuse infiltrate (6). Nine patients (9/25) were never smokers. Bronchoscopy provided the diagnosis only in 4/26 patients. Patients were classified as stage IA 11/24, IB 5/24 IIIB in 2/24 and IV in 6/24. Five-year survival for the entire group was 65%. Patients with focal lesions had a longer survival. The survival in patients who underwent potentially curative resections was 62.8 +/- 44.0 months. When surgery was considered non-curative, survival was 21.2 +/- 19.5 months (p = 0.0064). Five-year survival in stage IA patients was 80%. Survival of patients with non-mucinous histology was longer than those with mucinous type carcinomas (54.9 +/- 25.0 months vs. 5.33 +/- 4.04, p < 0.0001) but the 5-year-survival was not statistically different. In conclusion, BAC has a favourable prognosis. The best survival rate was found in focal forms, represented by early tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) stages and non-mucinous BAC among the histological groups.

Padräo de consumo de cigarros e sua relaçäo com tipo histológico de neoplasia, sobrevida e prognóstico entre pacientes com neoplasia primária de pulmäo / Model of cigarette consumption and its relation with histologic type of neoplasms, survival and prognosis among patients with lung primary neoplasms

Os autores investigaram a incidência do hábito tabágico entre pacientes com neoplasia primária de pulmao, diagnosticada no HCPA, na década de 80. Outro objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o padrao de consumo de cigarros - através da quantidade utilizada por dia e da idade do início do consumo - correlacionando-o com a sobrevida do paciente e o tipo histológico da neoplasia. Os pacientes, com neoplasia diagnosticada no HCPA entre janeiro de 1980 e dezembro de 1989, tiveram acompanhamento por no mínimo três anos. O estudo foi retrospectivo, tendo sido feito através de registros hospitalares e comunicaçao com os pacientes por carta e telefone. Noventa e um por cento dos pacientes eram fumantes ou ex-fumantes. A maior parte começou a fumar antes dos 20 anos. A sobrevida até 24 meses após o diagnóstico era diferente conforme o paciente fumasse menos de 40 cigarros por dia ou nao. O percentual de fumantes é determinado para os diferentes tipos histológicos, sendo o tipo adenocarcinoma bronquioloalveolar o que apresentava maior índice de nao-fumantes. A sobrevida esteve associada com o número de cigarros fumados, mas nao com o fato de o paciente ter fumado ou nao. A elevada incidência de fumantes entre os pacientes com neoplasia pulmonar (91 por cento) só nao foi tao expressiva nos pacientes com o tipo adenocarcinoma bronquioloalveolar.