Abogacía de salud, la partaqe olvidada de la promoción de salud en medicina familiar / Health Advocacy, the forgotten part of health promotion in family medicine

Introducción: La abogacía de salud es una estrategia de la promoción de salud y un componente esencial y fundamental de ella, mas no siempre se ve así, a veces se confunde o se intercambia con la promoción de salud misma. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el término abogacía de salud y su relación con la promoción de salud y la medicina familiar. Métodos: Análisis documental de la literatura encontrada en bases de datos y análisis y síntesis de estos documentos desde un enfoque socio-histórico y lógico. Conclusiones: A pesar de que es un tema sugerido para su inclusión en los programas de formación de medicina familiar según los estándares globales de la Organización Mundial de Médicos de Familia y Generales (2013), existen muy escasas referencias en la literatura hispana y latinoamericana de medicina familiar. La abogacía de salud es habitualmente subestimada y obviada como parte de la promoción de salud en medicina familiar, es una actitud, una competencia y una responsabilidad social del médico en general(AU)

Introduction: Health advocacy is a health promotion strategy and an essential and fundamental component of it, but it does not always looks like this, sometimes it is confused or exchanged with the promotion of health itself. Objective: To carry out a bibliographical review on the term health advocacy and its relationship with the promotion of health and family medicine. Methods: Documentary analysis of the literature found in data and analysis bases, and summary of these documents from a socio-historical and logical approach. Conclusions: Although it is a suggested topic for inclusion in family medicine training programs according to global standards of the World Organization of Family and General Physicians (2013), there are very few references in the Hispanic and Latin American literature on Family Medicine. Health advocacy is usually underestimated and ignored as part of health promotion in family medicine, it is an attitude, a competence and a social responsibility of the general practitioners(AU)

A função essencial do advogado junto à pesquisa científica / Lawyer´s essential function in scientific research

Esta exposição busca demonstrar: 1) o liame que existe entre os direitos fundamentais do ser humano e o progresso, sob qualquer de suas formas, especialmente o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico que, para o bem e para o mal, sempre interferiu na vida dos seres humanos, e 2) a importância da ativa participação do advogado nesta relação, como elemento indispensável à garantia da efetivação dos direitos fundamentais e da ética nas pesquisas científicas. No intuito de atingir a finalidade proposta, iniciamos com uma breve digressão sobre o caminhar do homem de nossa civilização desde a Antiguidade, focando os direitos que lhes foram negados, garantidos ou atribuídos, destacando que a atribuição de direitos e garantias, ao mais das vezes, ocorreu após a perpetração de condutas consideradas inaceitáveis pela sociedade, segundo parâmetros vigentes em determinado período histórico, sempre sob a ótica da pesquisa científica. Traremos à baila, então, casos de abusos praticados em experimentos científicos considerados paradigmáticos e as disposições ético-jurídicas que se lhes seguiram, com destaque para as disposições internacionais, como o Código de Nuremberg, a Declaração de Helsinque e o Relatório Belmont, e para os diplomas nacionais, com relevo para a Resolução 196/96, da qual destacamos as principais disposições concernentes com a pesquisa, o pesquisador, o sujeito da pesquisa, a eticidade na pesquisa e o papel, competências, atribuições e composição dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) e da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (CONEP), evidenciando sua relevância na aprovação prévia dos protocolos de pesquisa, após análise de sua eticidade, para findar com considerações sobre a importância do advogado nesta área da pesquisa científica, na qual sua atuação, nos dias atuais, torna-se cada vez mais necessária e relevante.

This paper was developed to demonstrate: 1) how fundamental rights are tied to different human progresses, especially those rersulting from tehcnological and scientific advances which have always intefered in human being´s lfe, for good and for bad; and 2) the importance of the participation of a lawyer in this tie acting for warrating fundamental rights exercise as well as ethical scientific researches. For this purpose, we firstly digress on the human journey since ancient times, focusing on the rights which were dinied, imputed or warranted to the man, and evidencing that rights and warrants have usually been established after commitments unaccepatable for the society, according to parameters operating in a determined historical period.Abuses carried out in scientific researches but considered pragmatic and consequent ethical and legal issues are then discussed focusing on international dispositions such as the Nuremberg Code, the Helsinque Declaration, and the Belmont Report, as well as on national rules, especially the Resolution 196/96, which is deeply analyzed. Finally, the important role of the lawyer in the scientific research proceedings is considered.

Is there any necessity of preservation of viscera even in cases where cause of death is already determined: A discussion.

During autopsy different viscerae are collected and preserved mainly for chemical examination to ascertain the cause of death. But many a times viscerae is preserved even in cases where cause of death is known. Police and prosecution side often question the merit of preservation of viscerae in such cases because defence lawyer often take this as opportunity to delay the prosecution till the Chemical Examiner’s report is available. Most of the time Chemical Examiner’s report is much delayed and sometimes West Bengal State Forensic Science Laboratory even refuse to accept the viscerae for chemical examination particularly where cause of death is given in P.M.report. In N.R.S. Medical College, Kolkata center around 3500 post mortem examinations are being done annually, on requisitions from Kolkata Police [K.P.], West Bengal Police [WBP] and General Railway Police (GRPS). Kolkata Police in almost all their requisitions request to preserve viscera and other medicolegal articles. An analysis was done on police requisition paper and autopsy report to find out the logical scientific solution.