Frequência de afasia e perfil de usuários em hospital público municipal de referência / Aphasia rate and user profile in a public referral hospital

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a frequência de afasia em usuários internados em um hospital público municipal de referência e caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico da amostra estudada. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo, baseado em análise de prontuários e avaliação fonoaudiológica breve, à beira do leito. Foram incluídos no estudo adultos ou idosos, de ambos os sexos, falantes nativos do português brasileiro, com AVC, em fase aguda ou subaguda. Resultados Em três meses, 13 usuários se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão, nove consentiram em participar e sete foram avaliados. Dentre os participantes avaliados, três apresentaram quadro afásico, com proporção de 42,8% de casos. Quanto ao perfil, a maioria dos nove participantes era de mulheres, idosas e com escolaridade média. No subgrupo com diagnóstico inicial de afasia, os três usuários apresentaram quadros afásicos de grau moderado à grave, decorrente de lesões córtico-subcorticais. Conclusão Considerando a proporção de casos de afasia encontrados em usuários internados em fase aguda e subaguda do primeiro AVC e as características desse grupo, é indispensável a atenção à saúde dessa população, bem como o mapeamento de casos em outras regiões do estado e do país.

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the rate of aphasia in users admitted to a public referral hospital and to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the sample studied. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out based on analysis of medical records and a brief bedside speech-language assessment. The study included younger or older adults, of both sexes, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, with stroke in the acute or subacute phase. Results In a 3-month period, 13 users met the inclusion criteria, of whom 9 agreed to participate and 7 were evaluated. Three participants had aphasia, representing 42.8% of cases. Regarding the profile of the 9 participants, the majority were women, elderly and had medium educational level. The three users in the subgroup with initial diagnosis of aphasia had moderate-to-severe aphasia secondary to cortical-subcortical lesions. Conclusion Given the rate of aphasia cases found among users hospitalized for primary acute and subacute strokes and the characteristics of this group, efforts toward providing health care for this population and mapping cases in other regions of the state and country are fundamental.

Incidencia poblacional, características epidemiológicas y desenlace funcional de pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular isquémico y afasia / Incidence of aphasia in patients experiencing an ischemic stroke

Background: Sequelae after a stroke are common and may lead to disability. Aphasia - defined as an acquired language disturbance - can cause important limitations in quality of life. Aim: To describe the epidemiological features of patients who had an aphasia after a first episode of ischemic stroke and their functional outcome at six months. Material and Methods: Review of a database of a population study on the incidence, 30-day case fatality rate, and prognosis of stroke performed in a northern Chilean city between 2000 and 2002. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 28 of 142 patients in whom the disorder was sought (20%). The projected incidence rate in the city where the study was carried out is 7.06 per 100,000 inhabitants. The mean age of these 28 patients was 66 ± 20 years and 53% were women. The main risk factor for stroke was hypertension in 62%. The etiology of stroke was undetermined in 64% of these patients. Partial anterior circulation infarction was the most common stroke location in 61%. Conclusions: Twenty percent of patients with a first episode of ischemic stroke have aphasia

Afasias subcorticales / Subcortical aphasias

Se presentan 25 pacientes con lesiones subcorticales izquierdas, comprobadas con tomografía computada cerebral. En 9 de ellos se encontró una afasia subcortical, generalmente sensorial transcortical: 3 pacientes tenían afasia global, 2 afasia de Wernicke, 1 caso tenía afasia amnésica, otra de Broca y otro afasia latente. Ocho pacientes no tuvieron afasia, pero 5 de ellos tenían una agrafía linguística. En 16 casos se encontró disartría y en 10 hipofonía. El análisis de esta experiencia y de la literatura permite concluir que las estructuras subcorticales forman parte del sistema funcional del lenguaje del habla y de la escritura