Projetos profissionais de estudantes de um curso técnico em agropecuária / Proyectos profesionales de jóvenes estudiantes de un curso técnico de agropecuária / Professional projects of the students of an agriculture technical course

Resumo O artigo apresenta a análise dos projetos profissionais de jovens estudantes de um curso técnico em agropecuária na interface com a produção de subjetividades, relações de gênero e reprodução da agricultura familiar. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2014, em um campus do Instituto Federal Catarinense. Os procedimentos analíticos foram quantitativos e qualitativos. As informações foram obtidas por meio de um questionário e os sujeitos foram jovens estudantes de um curso técnico em agropecuária. Na escolha pelo curso técnico, destacam-se a identificação com o rural e atividades agropecuárias, a qualidade da formação técnica oferecida pela escola e demandas socioeconômicas rurais.

Resumen El artículo presenta un análisis de los proyectos profesionales de jóvenes estudiantes de un curso técnico de agropecuaria en su interfaz con la producción de subjetividades, las relaciones de género y la reproducción de la agricultura familiar. La encuesta se ha realizado entre agosto 2013 y julio 2014, en el campus del Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina. Los procedimientos analíticos han sido cuantitativos y cualitativos. La información se obtuvo a través de un cuestionario y los sujetos eran jóvenes estudiantes de un curso técnico de agropecuaria. En la elección de esta carrera técnica se destacan la identificación con las actividades rurales y agrícolas, la calidad de la formación técnica ofrecida por la escuela y demandas socioeconómicas rurales.

Abstract This article presents the analysis of professional projects of young students of a technical course in agriculture on the interface with the production of subjectivities, gender relations and reproduction of family farming. The survey was conducted from August 2013 to July 2014, in a campus of the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina. Analytical procedures were quantitative and qualitative. Information was obtained through a questionnaire and the subjects were young students of a technical course in agriculture. In the analysis, when it came to the choosing of the technical course what stood out was the individual's identification with the rural and agricultural activities, the quality of technical formation offered by the school and rural socioeconomic demands.

Expectativas de los extensionistas rurales latinoamericanos y contribuciones psicosociales / Expectativas de extensionistas rurais latinoamericanos e contribuições psicossociais / Latin american rural extensionists' expectations and psychosocial contributions

Buscando identificar las expectativas de los extensionistas rurales sobre la psicología y clarificar las contribuciones de ésta a la extensión se realizó una encuesta a técnicos de 12 países latinoamericanos. El análisis del contenido de las respuestas abiertas identificó como principales expectativas la gestión de procesos grupales y participativos con productores y la capacitación y asesoramiento a extensionistas. Atendiendo a la propuesta de tomar a los productores como objetos de intervención y no como sujetos de cambio que aparece en múltiples encuestas, se destaca la potencialidad de la psicología para generar procesos de reflexión sobre la práctica y sobre los supuestos que la guían.

Buscando identificar expectativas de extensionistas rurais sobre a psicologia e esclarecer as contribuições desta para a extensão, realizou-se um levantamento junto a técnicos de 12 países latinoamericanos. A análise do conteúdo das respostas abertas identificou, como principais expectativas, a gestão de processos grupais e participativos com produtores e a capacitação e assessoramento a extensionistas. Atendendo à proposta de tomar os productores como objetos de intervenção e não como sujeitos de transformação, como em muitas pesquisas, se destaca a potencialidade da psicología para gerar processos de reflexão sobre a prática e sobre as premissas que a orientam.

Striving to identify rural extensionists' expectations of psychology, and to clarify its contributions to rural extension, a research was conducted, in which 654 rural extensionists from 12 Latin American countries were surveyed. The content analysis of the open questions allowed identifying as core expectations the management of group participatory processes; and the training and advice of practitioners. Taking into account that many surveys treat farmers as objects of intervention and not as subjects of change, the potentiality of psychology to generate reflective processes on practice and on the assumptions guiding it, is highlighted.

Ensino, pesquisa e extensão: o botânico Honório da Costa Monteiro Filho / Teaching, research, and extension service: botanist Honório da Costa Monteiro Filho

O artigo revisita a obra de Honório da Costa Monteiro Filho e enfatiza sua contribuição valiosa para o estudo da botânica econômica e a taxonomia das Malvaceae brasileiras. Muitos de seus cerca de setenta artigos ainda hoje são citados, mas pouco se sabe sobre seu importante papel na formação de agrônomos envolvidos com a caracterização da flora brasileira e na criação da Sociedade Botânica do Brasil, bem como sua atuação em projeto de reforma do ensino agronômico no país. Foram pesquisados a obra completa de Monteiro Filho, documentos em arquivos, sua correspondência e suas observações em etiquetas de plantas em herbários, e realizadas entrevistas com pessoas de sua convivência.

The article revisits the work of Honório da Costa Monteiro Filho, highlighting his contribution to the study of economic botany and the taxonomy of Brazilian Malvaceae. Many of his seventy articles, are still cited. Yet little is known about his important role in educating agronomists involved with Brazilian flora and the creation of the Botanical Society of Brazil. These topics are discussed in the article, along with his work on a project to reform the teaching of agronomy in Brazil. The entire works of Monteiro Filho, archival documents, his correspondence with other scientists, and his observations on plant labels in herbaria were researched; interviews were also conducted with people with ties to him.

Articulación productiva para la innovación en las pequeñas empresas acuícolas de la región occidente de México / Productive articulation for the Innovation of small aquaculture companies In the western region of Mexico

La realidad económica de nuestro país se ha orientado a encontrar nuevas formas de solucionar viejos problemas que atañen al sector primario, la acuicultura desarrollada desde las culturas primitivas de México ha crecido paulatinamente, mas como un esfuerzo constante por participar en actividades productivas de autoconsumo que con la intención de enfocar a las pequeñas empresas a formar proyectos conjuntos de articulación productiva y de desarrollo de Innovación. Este artículo de investigación, plantea tres aspectos esenciales: 1) las condiciones de las empresas rurales granjas acuícolas de la región occidente de México, en los estados de Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán y Nayarit, 2) Las modalidades de articulación productiva, redes o agrupamientos de organizaciones alrededor de las granjas acuícolas 3) Las características de los procesos de las granjas y su orientación a la innovación; la investigación analiza la manera en que las empresas, gobierno y la sociedad en su conjunto participan a través del trabajo común para la formalización de proyectos económicos que modifiquen a largo plazo las condiciones sociales de la población.

The economic reality of our country has been oriented to find new ways to solve old problems pertaining to the primary sector, aquaculture developed from the very primitive cultures in Mexico has grown gradually, more like a constant effort to participate in productive activities for self-consumption than intending to focus on small firms to form joint projects of productive articulation and development of innovation. This research article, poses Three essential aspects: 1) the conditions of rural enterprises aquaculture farms in the western region of Mexico, in the States of Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan and Nayarit, 2) modalities of productive articulation, networks or groupings of organizations around aquaculture farms 3) the characteristics of the processes on the farms and their orientation to innovation; this research analyzes the way in which businesses, the government and society, as a whole, participate through common work for the formalization of economic projects which modify, in the long run, the population’s social conditions.

Conocimientos culturales y de trivia en dos grupos universitarios de Chile / Cultural and trivial knowledge among Chilean university students

Background: Culture is defined by the Webster's dictionary as acquaintance with and taste infine arts, humanities, and broad aspects ofscience as distinguished from vocational and technical skills. Aim: To assess the general cultural knowledge of university students. Material andMethods: A test containing 58 questions about art, national and universal literature, national and universal history, mythology science and trivial national issues was designed and applied to 251 medical students in Santiago (149 from first year and 86 from fifth year, Universidad de Chile) and 138 agronomy students in Valdivia (61 from first year and 77 from fifth year, Universidad Austral de Chile). Results: All students answered the test. Medical students from first and fifth year omitted 19 and 15 percent of questions respectively The figures for first and fifth year agronomy students were 23 percent each. The percentage of corred answers among first and fifth year medical students was 50 and 59 percent respectively. The figures for first and fifth year agronomy students were 39 and 44 percent respectively. The questions with higher rates of corred answers were those about trivial issues. Conclusions: There was a high rate of omissions and wrong answers about general cultural issues among university students particularly in national cultural subjects.

Evaluation of an educational intervention for farming families to protect their children from pesticide exposure

A culturally appropriate educational intervention was developed and directed towards farming families in Menoufia governorate, Egypt, to improve their knowledge and practices in protecting their children from exposure to pesticides. Parents were randomly assigned to either a lecture or videotape training group. Ability to recall information or improve practices among parents was evaluated in 3 sessions: pretraining and 2 weeks and 1 month after training. Knowledge and practice scores after training of younger and more educated participants were significantly higher than older, less educated participants. Knowledge and practice performance of the videotape group was better than the lecture group and in both groups the improvement of knowledge scores after training was significantly higher than that of practice scores

Agricultura, destrucción de recursos y contaminación ambiental / Agriculture resources distribucion and environmental contamination

Expone las características de la agricultura y ganadería en Centroamérica, su incidencia en la problemática de la destrucción ambiental, presentando efectos tales como la pérdida de fertilidad y la invasión urbana sobre tierras agrícolas. Presenta además, la tendencia de la tierra, cambios en el uso de la tierra, contaminación ambiental, estimación de la incidencia de la pobreza y la situación agroalimentaria en Centroamérica. Estima que la agricultura debe jugar un papel de singular importancia en el proceso de reactivación económica en Centroamérica. Incluye una serie de recomendaciones que harían permisible la conciliación entre la conservación de los recursos básicos de la tierra y acciones del desarrollo agropecuario en el istmo centroamericano