Dificuldades com amamentação e sua relação com a prática alimentar na alta hospitalar / Breastfeeding difficulties and their relationship with eating habits at hospital discharge / Dificultades con la lactancia y su relación con la práctica alimentaria en el alta hospitalaria

Objetivo: descrever as frequências das dificuldades com aleitamento materno durante a internação em alojamento conjunto e sua relação com a prática alimentar na alta hospitalar. Método: estudo transversal conduzido a partir de dados de uma coorte, realizada entre março de 2017 e abril de 2018, mediante entrevistas face a face e coleta de dados de prontuários hospitalares de um hospital de referência nacional para alto risco fetal e infantil. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva por meio de frequências absolutas, relativas e teste qui-quadrado em todas as análises. Resultados: de 686 mães e seus recém-nascidos, 50,6% das mulheres apresentaram dificuldades com aleitamento materno, com destaque para: pega, sucção, tipo de mamilo, trauma mamilar. Dentre os recém-nascidos que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta hospitalar, 51,3% não apresentaram dificuldades com amamentação durante a internação. Conclusão: apesar da dificuldade apresentada em metade da amostra estudada, ressalta-se a necessidade do suporte precoce ao aleitamento materno exclusivo ainda no ambiente hospitalar(AU)

Objective: to describe the frequencies of breastfeeding difficulties during hospitalization in rooming-in and their relationship with eating habits at hospital discharge. Method: cross-sectional study conducted from data from a cohort, carried out between March 2017 and April 2018, through face-to-face interviews and data collection from hospital records of a national reference hospital for high fetal and infant risk. Descriptive statistics were used through absolute and relative frequencies and the chi-square test in all analyses. Results: of 686 mothers and their newborns, 50.6% of the women had difficulties with breastfeeding, with emphasis on: attachment, suction, type of nipple, nipple trauma. Among newborns who were exclusively breastfed at hospital discharge, 51.3% had no breastfeeding difficulties during hospitalization. Conclusion: despite the difficulty presented by half of the studied sample, the need for early support for exclusive breastfeeding is highlighted, even in the hospital environment(AU)

Objetivo: describir las frecuencias de dificultades para amamantar durante la hospitalización en alojamiento conjunto y su relación con los hábitos alimentarios al alta hospitalaria. Método: estudio transversal realizado a partir de datos de una cohorte, realizada entre marzo de 2017 y abril de 2018, a través de entrevistas cara a cara y recolección de datos de registros hospitalarios de un hospital de referencia nacional de alto riesgo fetal e infantil. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas y la prueba de chi-cuadrado en todos los análisis. Resultados: de 686 madres y sus recién nacidos, el 50,6% de las mujeres presentaron dificultades para amamantar, con énfasis en: agarre, succión, tipo de pezón, traumatismo en el pezón. Entre los recién nacidos que recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva al alta hospitalaria, el 51,3% no tuvo dificultades para amamantar durante la hospitalización. Conclusión: a pesar de la dificultad presentada por la mitad de la muestra estudiada, se destaca la necesidad de apoyo temprano para la lactancia materna exclusiva, incluso en el ámbito hospitalario(AU)

The use of linear programming to determine whether breastfed infants can achieve a nutritionally adequate complementary feeding diet: a case study of 6­11-month-old infants from KwaMashu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to ascertain whether the nutrient requirements of 6­11-month-old infants can be met with a food-based approach, and to identify the nutrients of which it is difficult to achieve adequate intakes.Design, setting and subjects: A cross-sectional survey and interviews with mothers and caregivers from the KwaMashu Community Health Centre were conducted. One hundred and thirty-four interviews were completed. This information provided the food consumption input for the model using Optifood software. Results: The results revealed that with the current food pattern of infants from the study group in KwaMashu, iron, zinc and calcium are nutrients whose requirements are likely not to be met in the diet. The percentage RNI (recommended nutrient intake) for iron was 25.2%, zinc 51.3% and calcium 77%. Nutrient intakes for these nutrients of concern improved in the 'No pattern' diet but iron and zinc intakes remained below the RNI. According to the best diets modelled by Optifood, it appears that infants in KwaMashu would be able to achieve the recommended intakes of energy, protein, and 8 of the 11micronutrients, as long as breastfeeding on demand continues during the complementary feeding phase. Conclusions: This study calls into question the continued food-based focus to ensure nutrient adequacy in infants. In conjunction with efforts to improve household food security and continued support and promotion of breastfeeding for the first 2 years of life, targeted micronutrient supplementation may be needed to ensure the optimal growth and development of infants in South Africa.

Correlates of exclusive breast feeding among nursing mothers attending child health clinic at a general hospital in Rivers State Nigeria

Background: Early initiation of breast feeding and feeding exclusively for six months have great implication for the survival, well-being and growth of new borne. Factors such as maternal age, occupation, religion, spouse age, spouse occupation, parity, antenatal care (ANC) attendance, mode of delivery (MOD) and birth order are significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding (EBF) Methodology: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among nursing mothers attending child health clinic in General Hospital Bonny, in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria. All eligible nursing mother who presented at the clinic were enlisted for the study. Enlistment of eligible participants was done on every child welfare clinic day. Data was collected using a pretested, interviewer administered, structured questionnaire which was adapted and prepared in English Language. Categorical data was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression model with statistical significance set at 0.05. Result: Results from this study identified significant association between EBF and some maternal variables such as age, occupation and religion. Spouse age and occupation were significantly associated with EBF. ANC attendance, gestational age, MOD, parity and birth order were also significant variables associated with EBF. Conclusion: Maternal variables such as age, occupation, religion, parity, MOD, ANC attendance including spouse age and occupation significantly influence EBF of new borne.