Reparación atípica de alveolo en rehabilitación estética implantológica / Atypical socket repair in aesthetic implant rehabilitation

ABSTRACT Introduction: In implant therapy, adequate alveolar bone volume and favorable alveolar ridge architecture are important considerations to obtain positive functional and esthetic rehabilitation. Objective: Describe prosthodontic treatment in an extraction socket with advanced palatal bone resorption secondary to a root fracture through the use of an implant-supported single fixed prosthesis. Principal case data: 39-year-old male patient, without systemic disease, and completely dentate with no occlusal parafunction. Radiographic examination showed the presence of advanced palatal bone resorption, almost total loss of the palatal plate in all its extension secondary to a root fracture of the maxillary left lateral incisor and a large osteolytic area on the palatal aspect of the root. The procedure consisted in extraction of the maxillary left lateral incisor and eventual regeneration of the palatal plate using a resorbable collagen membrane, which was adapted to the bone defect. Then, particulate cortical bone allograft was compacted into the site. Four months after grafting the extraction site, an implant was placed. Six months after implant placement osseointegration was confirmed, and after several stages restoration with a zirconium dioxide abutment and a full ceramic crown was obtained and followed up for 2 years. Conclusions: Regeneration of the palatal plate was possible through the use of particulate cortical bone allograft and a resorbable collagen membrane adapted to the bone defect and placed in position to recreate the palatal plate. This allowed installation of an implant 4 months after the procedure. This technique allowed esthetic and functional results using a single fixed prosthesis(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Para la terapia con implantes, un volumen adecuado de hueso alveolar y una arquitectura favorable de la cresta alveolar son consideraciones importantes para obtener una rehabilitación funcional y estética positiva. Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento protésico en una cavidad de extracción con reabsorción ósea palatina avanzada secundaria a una fractura de la raíz, mediante el uso de una prótesis fija única con soporte de implante. Datos principales del caso: Paciente masculino de 39 años, sin enfermedad sistémica, completamente dentado sin parafunción oclusal. El examen radiográfico mostró la presencia de una reabsorción ósea palatina avanzada, una pérdida casi total de la placa palatina en toda su extensión secundaria a una fractura de la raíz del incisivo lateral superior izquierdo y una gran área osteolítica en el aspecto palatino de la raíz. El procedimiento consistió en la extracción del incisivo lateral superior izquierdo y la regeneración posterior de la placa palatina mediante una membrana de colágeno reabsorbible, que se adaptó al defecto óseo. Luego, el aloinjerto de hueso cortical particulado se compactó en el sitio. Cuatro meses después de injertar el sitio de extracción, se colocó un implante. Seis meses después de la colocación del implante, se confirmó la osteointegración y, después de varias etapas, se obtuvo una restauración con un pilar de dióxido de circonio y una corona de cerámica completa, la que fue seguida durante dos años. Conclusiones: La regeneración de la placa palatina fue posible mediante el uso de aloinjerto de hueso cortical particulado y una membrana de colágeno reabsorbible adaptada al defecto óseo y colocada en una posición para recrear la placa palatina. Esto permitió la instalación de un implante 4 meses después del procedimiento. Con esta técnica se obtuvieron resultados funcionales y estéticos utilizando una única prótesis fija(AU)

Tomographic late evaluation of xenogeneic bone grafts in sockets of impacted third molars

Abstract It is necessary to preserve height and thickness of the alveolar bone to facilitate rehabilitation with osteointegratable implants or simply to maintain bone integrity after extraction. Biomaterials associated with resorbable or non-resorbable membranes, when placed in the region of the socket, may contribute to avoid this unwanted reabsorption. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the distance of the crest of alveolar ridge to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the lower second molars and the bone density of the third molar socket filled with Gen-Tech®, 5 years after an exodontia using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualize the central region of the sockets, without overlapping of the buccal and lingual cortical bones. Material and Methods A total of 12 individuals from an initial group of 39 patients submitted to extraction of the unruptured lower third molars and grafting of an association of inorganic bovine bone matrix, organic bovine bone matrix, collagen and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) (Gen-Tech®) on one side and the contralateral sockets filled only by clot, returned to control after 5 years, and were submitted to CBCT. The distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the CEJ and the bone density (BD) were measured using the i-CAT Vision Software. Results The results showed that the distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the CEJ in the control group was similar to that observed before the exodontia; in the experimental group, this distance was smaller. Considering the BD measurement, a significantly higher density was observed in the experimental group (p<0.05). Conclusion Part of the biomaterial was not absorbed and allowed the stability of the evaluated parameters after 5 years, being able to be used as a bone substitute in the socket.

Uso do enxerto desmineralizado homógeno em alvéolo pós-extração: relato de casos / Demineralized homogeneous bone graft in sockets after extraction: a report of two cases

Este artigo revisa as bases científicas para a utilização do enxerto ósseo desmineralizado humano membranas biológicas e relata a sua aplicação em dois casos clínicos. Os enxertos homógenos foram utilizados em alvéolos pós-extração com presença de secreção purulenta. Após um período de 90 dias, implantes foram colocados nos alvéolos, e o mesmo protocolo de tratamento foi utilizado nos dois casos.