Ovinos alimentados com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado com amônia anidra / Sheep fed with sugarcane bagasse treated with anhydrous ammonia / Ovinos alimentados con bagazo de caña de azúcar tratado con amoníaco anhidro

Entre os co-produtos existentes, o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar merece destaque, visto que são produzidas, anualmente no país, cerca de 75 milhões de toneladas por ano. Este bagaço proveniente de usinas de açúcar, álcool ou aguardente constitui um problema, por ser pouco utilizado, sendo muitas vezes queimado ao ar livre, enquanto poderia ser usado na alimentação de ruminantes. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição da amônia anidra (NH3 ) sobre o valor nutritivo do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) em quatro carneiros adultos machos, castrados, sem raça definida, com peso inicial de 40,75 kg mantidos em gaiolas individuais de metabolismo, com sal mineralizado e água ad libitum. Quatro dietas isoproteicas, foram testadas e fornecidas aos animais em um delineamento em quadrado latino 4x4, sendo: Dieta 1 – Bagaço de cana-de-açúcar “in natura”, Dieta 2 - Bagaço de cana-de-açúcar + 2% de NH3 , com base na matéria seca (MS), Dieta 3 - Bagaço de cana-de-açúcar + 3% de NH3 , com base na MS, Dieta 4 - Bagaço de cana-de-açúcar + 4% de NH3 , com base na MS. As dietas eram fornecidas duas vezes ao dia no período da manhã e tarde sempre nos horários de oito e 16 horas, respectivamente. Para a determinação da digestibilidade aparente utilizaram-se bolsas coletoras de fezes e as amostras do alimento e sobras eram mensuradas diariamente. A coleta da urina foi realizada utilizando-se baldes localizados sob as gaiolas de metabolismo, cujos baldes continham 100 mL de ácido clorídrico (HCL 2N) para prevenir fermentação e perda de nitrogênio. As amostras coletadas dos alimentos, sobras, fezes e urina foram acondicionadas em recipientes plásticos e conservadas em refrigeração, separando-se as amostras por tratamento e período experimental...

Among the existing co-products, crushed sugarcane bagasse is noteworthy, since the country has an annual production of approximately 75 million tons. The sugarcane bagasse from sugar, alcohol or cachaça mills is an issue, since it is underused and is often burned in open air, while it could be used as ruminant feed. This study assesses the effects of the addition of anhydrous ammonia (NH3 ) on the nutritional value of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse in four adult, male, mixed breed, castrated sheep, with 40.75kg initial weight, kept in individual metabolism cages, with mineral supplement and water ad libitum. Four isoproteic diets have been tested and fed to the animals in a 4x4 Latin square design. These treatments were: Diet 1 – Sugarcane bagasse in natura; Diet 2 - Sugarcane bagasse + 2% NH3 , based on dry matter (DM); Diet 3 - Sugarcane bagasse + 3% NH3 , based on DM; Diet 4 - Sugarcane bagasse NH3 + 4% based on DM. The diets were fed twice a day, in the morning and afternoon, always at 08:00 am and 04:00 pm, respectively. For the determination of apparent digestibility, fecal collection bags were used and samples of food and leftovers were daily measured. Urine collection was performed using buckets placed under the metabolism cages. These buckets contained 100-ml hydrochloric acid (2N HCl) to avoid fermentation and nitrogen loss. Feed, leftover, feces and urine samples were stored in plastic bags under refrigeration, separated by treatment and trial period. After thawing the feces, diet and leftover samples were pre-dried at 55 °C for 72 hours and then ground in a mill with 1.00-mm mesh sieve. Urine samples were previously dried in an oven at 55 °C stored in plastic bags and then placed in a calorimeter for determining the energy content...

Entre los coproductos existentes, el bagazo de caña de azúcar merece destaque, visto que es producido todo el año en el país, cerca de 75 millones de toneladas por año. Este bagazo proveniente de usinas de azúcar, alcohol o aguardiente constituye un problema, por ser poco utilizado, con frecuencia se queman al aire libre, mientras podría ser utilizado en la alimentación de rumiantes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la adición de amoníaco anhidro (NH3 ) en el valor nutritivo del bagazo de caña azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) para cuatro carneros machos adultos, castrados, sin raza definida, con peso inicial de 40,75 kg en jaulas individuales para el metabolismo, con sales minerales y agua ad libitum. Cuatro dietas isoproteicas han sido testadas y suministradas a los animales en un delineamiento en cuadrado latino 4x4, siendo: Dieta 1 - Bagazo de caña de azúcar “in natura”, Dieta 2 - Bagazo de caña de azúcar + 2% NH3 , con base en la materia seca (MS), Dieta 3 - Bagazo de caña de azúcar + 3% NH3 , basado en MS, Dieta 4 - Bagazo de caña de azúcar + 4% de NH3 , basado en la MS. Las dietas eran suministradas dos veces al día en el período de la mañana y tarde siempre en los horarios de ocho y 16 horas, respectivamente. Para la determinación de la digestibilidad aparente se utilizaron bolsas de plástico para recogido de heces, muestras de los alimentos y las sobras eran mensuradas diariamente...

Concentraçäo de amônia no rúmen de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu, em pastagem de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) na estaçäo das chuvas / Ruminal ammonia concentration in crossbred Holstein-Friesian/Zebu cows grazing on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) in the rainy season

The objective of the experiment was to estimate the rumen ammonium concentration in rumen fistulated crossbred European x Zebu cows, grazing on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) cv. Napier, during the rainy season, from November 1991 to April 1992. Cows remained in elephant grass paddocks during all day and did not receive any concentrate. The paddock management consisted of 30 days of resting period and grazed during three days with a stocking rate of 4.5 cows/ha. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 12.6 to 16.2 percent in dry matter. The rumen content samples were taken in the first, second and third days of grazing at different times 7, 13 and 19h. The lowest ammonium concentration (2.4mg/100ml of rumen liquor) was observed in November, and the highest concentration (9.1mg/100ml) was observed in March. At that time CP contents of elephant grass were one of the lowest (12.6 percent) and the highest concentration (16.2 percent) observed during the experiment. The ammonia concentrations observed were 7.3, 5.8 and 6.4mg/100ml for the first, second and third day of the paddock occupation, respectively. Ammonium concentrations also varied with the time of the day, levels of 5.8, 6.8 and 6.9mg/100,l, respectively at 7, 13 and 19h. The rumen ammonia concentration tended to increase from November to March, being in April lower than that observed in March, suggesting a decrease of rumen ammonia concentration with the beginning of the dry season. During this period, pasture CP was stable from November to February, with the highest level observation in March