Livedo reticular associado com Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune: remissão prolongada induzida pelo Transplante de Células-Tronco do Sangue Periférico com recaída após 10 anos e restauração dos níveis de hemoglobina por rituximabe / Livedo reticularis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: prolonged remission induced by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation relapse after 10 years and restoration of hemoglobin levels by rituximab

A anemia hemolítica autoimune (AHAI) é uma doença na qual são produzidos anticorpos diretamente contra as glicoproteínas adsorvidas na superfície da membrana dos eritrócitos. Algumas medicações e outras associações têm sido implicadas. Descrevemos e discutimos um caso de livedo reticular associado à AHAI tratado com transplante de células-tronco de sangue periférico (TCTSP) e que entrou em total remissão por 10 anos. Após esse período, a paciente apresentou recaída, foi tratada com anticorpo anti-CD20 (rituximabe), e atualmente encontra-se em total remissão. O papel do TCTSP e o uso de rituximabe no tratamento de AHAI serão discutidos neste relato de caso.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a disease where patients produce antibodies against erythrocytes directed towards membrane glycoproteins adsorbed onto the erythrocyte surface. Drugs and other associations have been implicated. It is described and discussed a case of livedo reticularis associated with AIHA treated with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) that went into full remission for 10 years. After that period the patient relapsed and was treated with antibody anti-CD20, rituximab, and is now in full remission. The role of PBSCT and rituximab in the treatment of AIHA will be discussed.

Esplenectomia laparoscopica, ¿es la técnica ideal? / Laparoscopic splenectomy, is it the gold standard?

Antecedentes: A comienzos de la década pasada, distintos grupos de trabajo desarrollaron casi simultáneamente la técnica de la esplenectomia laparoscópica. Desde entonces y en base a la experiencia acumulada, llegó a convertirse en la vía de abordaje de elección. Objetivos: analizar los resultados obtenidos con la esplenectomia laparoscópica en 29 pacientes con patologías diversas. Lugar de aplicación: Servicio de Cirugía General N° 2. Prof. Pablo Luis Mirizzi, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas. Servicio de Cirugía General Clínica Sucre, Córdoba. Diseño: estudio prospectivo. Material y método: veinte y nueve esplenectomías laparoscópicas fueron indicadas en 22 casos de Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática, 4 anemias hemolíticas autoinmunes, 2 esferocitosis y uno por hipertensión portal segmentaria. En los casos de esferocitosis maligna asociados a colelitiasis se realizo simultáneamente colecistectomía profiláctica. Fueron descartados los casos con: coagulopatías incorregible, ascitis y esplenomegalias superiores a 30 cm. Se indicó sistemáticamente antibiótico profilaxis, vacuna anti-pneumocócica, drenaje al lecho esplénico, movilización precoz y dieta liquida a partir de las 6 hs. Resultados: no hubo mortalidad y un paciente con esplenomegalia de 28 cm. fue convertido (3,4%). El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 90 minutos. En los pacientes con PTI se localizaron vasos accesorios en 4 casos (13,7%). Ningún paciente fue transfundido no superando el sangrado los 100 cm.' aproximadamente. La principal dificultad operatoria fue la movilización esplénica a nivel del pedículo en los grandes bazos y la hemorragia en pequeños volúmenes durante la disección. Conclusión: esta técnica ofrece una serie de ventajas que permiten situarla como el nuevo "gold standard" para la esplenectomia.

Background: At the beginning of the last decade, different groups of workers developed almost simultaneously the laparoscopic splenectomy technique. From then on, and based on the accumulated experience done in the field, this technique has become the preferred approach. Objetives: to analyze the results obtained with laparoscopic splenectomy on 29 patients with various pathologies. Location: General Surgery Service Number 2, Prof. Pablo Mirizzi, Clinic National Hospital. General Surgery Service, Sucre Clinic, Cordoba. Design: prospective study. Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine laparoscopic splenectomies were indicated in 22 cases of idiopatic thrombocytopenic purpura, 4 autoimmune hemolytic anemia, two spheroid and one segmental hypertension portal. A simultaneous prophylactic cholecistectomy was performed in cases of malign spheroid associated with cholelitiasis. Cases of incorrigible coagulopaty, ascitis and spleenomegaly, greater than 30 cm., were discarded. Antibiotic prophylaxis, bovine anti-pneumonic vaccine, drainage to the spleen cavity, precocious mobilization and liquid diet starting at 6 a.m. were systematically indicated. Results: there was no mortality and a patient with spleenomegaly of 28 cm. was converted (3.4%). The average surgical time was 90 minutes. In 4 cases (13.7%) of patients with ITP, accessory spleens were found. No patient was transfused when bleeding was less than approximiately 100cm. The main surgical difficulty was the spleen mobilization at the level of the pedicle in the big spleens and the hemorrhaging in small volumes during the dissection. Conclusion: this technique offers a series of advantages that allow it to be considered as the new "gold standard" for splenectomy.