Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and outcomes in uterine carcinosarcoma and grade 3 endometrial cancer patients: a comparative study / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) shared the same staging system with endometrial carcinoma in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics between UCS and grade 3 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (G3EC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 60 UCS and 115 G3EC patients with initial treatment at the Department of Gynecology in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between February 2006 and August 2013. Chi-square analysis was used to compare differences between variables. Prognostic factors were determined using univariate/multivariate analysis, and the survival rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used to assess the independent prognostic factor. RESULTS: UCS had significantly worse overall survival (OS) compared with G3EC. Carcinosarcoma subtype was an independent factor (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 5.8; p=0.039), stratified based on stage. Compared with G3EC, UCS patients had a greater incidence of ascites fluid (55.0% vs. 15.7%, p<0.001) and adnexal involvement (20.0% vs. 8.7%, p=0.048) and larger median tumor volume (4.6 cm vs. 4.0 cm, p=0.046). Subgroup analysis of the prognostic factors revealed that UCS patients exhibited worse OS than G3EC patients in such specific subgroups as patients at younger ages, with postmenopausal status, without ascites fluid, with early stage diseases, without vagina invasion, without lymph node metastases and receiving adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy with chemotherapy was predictive of better survival in UCS patients compared with chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone (5-year OS, 71.0% vs. 35.8%, p=0.028). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that tumor mesenchymal component (HR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 15.8; p=0.014) was an independent prognostic factor for UCS, whereas advanced stages (HR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.0 to 33.9; p=0.046) and ascites fluid (HR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 22.7; p=0.032) were independently correlated with poor prognosis for G3EC patients. CONCLUSION: The distinctions in both clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics between UCS and G3EC suggest that this subtype should be treated separately from high-risk epithelial endometrial carcinoma.

Added Value of Using a CT Coronal Reformation to Diagnose Adnexal Torsion

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the increased value of using coronal reformation of a transverse computed tomography (CT) scan for detecting adnexal torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 106 woman suspected of having adnexal torsion who underwent CT with coronal reformations and subsequent surgical exploration. Two readers independently recorded the CT findings, such as the thickening of a fallopian tube, twisting of the adnexal pedicle, eccentric smooth wall thickening of the torsed adnexal mass, eccentric septal thickening of the torsed adnexal mass, eccentric poor enhancement of the torsed adnexal mass, uterine deviation to the twisted side, ascites or infiltration of pelvic fat, and the overall impression of adnexal torsion with a transverse scan alone or combined with coronal reformation and a transverse scan. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were used to compare diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were confirmed to have adnexal torsion. The addition of coronal reformations to the transverse scan improved AUCs for readers 1 and 2 from 0.74 and 0.75 to 0.92 and 0.87, respectively, for detecting adnexal torsion (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Sensitivity of CT for detecting twisting of the adnexal pedicle increased significantly for readers 1 and 2 from 0.27 and 0.29 with a transverse scan alone to 0.79 and 0.77 with a combined coronal reformation and a transverse scan, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Use of a coronal reformation with transverse CT images improves detection of adnexal torsion.

Clinical and histological profile of surgically managed benign adnexal masses

To study the clinical and histological nature of benign adnexal masses managed surgically. A retrospective descriptive study in a teaching hospital in Oman of all the women who had surgical management of benign adnexal masses from January 2008 to May 2012. Data pertaining to age, parity, presenting symptoms, imaging and tumor markers performed and the surgical intervention done on those women with benign adnexal masses was collected from the electronic health records of the patients. There were 198 women during this period operated for benign adnexal masses. The most common benign neoplasm was mature teratoma of the ovary followed by endometriosis. Conservative surgery in the form of ovarian cystectomy was necessary in three fourths of women and in about just less than 50% of women, the procedure was completed laparoscopically. The most common benign tumor was teratoma but laparoscopic approach, which is the standard of care in these women, was possible only in just about 50% of the women

Accuracy of risk of malignancy index in preoperative evaluation of adnexal masses

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of risk of malignancy index [RMI] in discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses taking histopathology as the gold standard. Validation study. The study was done at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore from January 2009 to July 2009. Total 60 patients were included in this study. Risk-of-malignancy Index level [RMI] <200 was taken as benign and RMI >200 was taken as malignant. Histopathology report was followed after surgery. Mean age of the patients was found to be 41.03 +/- 8.59 years. The results of RMI were compared with the histopathology with report at histopathology, 91.7% patients had benign masses and 8.3% patients had malignant masses. At RMI, 88.3% patients had benign masses and 11.7% patients had malignant masses. While RMI findings were confirmed with diagnosis made on histopathology the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were found to be 100%, 96.3%, 96.6%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of RMI were 71.4%, and 100%, respectively. RMI is an appropriate tool for diagnosing adnexal masses with high risk of malignancy and referring to specialist gynecological centers for suitable surgical operations

Valor del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico de las masas anexiales / Value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adnexal masses

Introducción: el empleo de técnicas de diagnóstico por imágenes ha cambiado el enfoque sobre el manejo de muchas afecciones en Medicina. Objetivo: determinar el valor del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico de las masas anexiales y correlacionarlo con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo longitudinal a 92 mujeres realizado entre el 1ro. de enero de 2008 al 1ro. de enero de 2010, con el diagnóstico de masa anexial por ultrasonido. Se seleccionaron las pacientes atendidas en consulta con el objetivo de obtener información de diferentes variables: tamaño de las masas anexiales, ecogenicidad, grosor de la pared y contornos, vascularización con técnica de Doppler y correlación entre el diagnóstico ultrasonográfico e histopatológico. Las muestras histológicas fueron procesadas a partir de las piezas quirúrgicas en las pacientes operadas. Resultados: los tumores benignos y malignos por lo general medían más de 5 cm para el 13,04 porciento y el 23,9 porciento respectivamente, predominó el aspecto complejo de las masas anexiales, fueron los tumores malignos de ovario, con 20 pacientes (74,4 porciento), los que aportaron el mayor porcentaje, los contornos regulares predominaron en los tumores de ovario benignos y en las lesiones pseudotumorales y en los tumores malignos los contornos se mostraron irregulares (25 porciento)los tumores malignos se mostraron con vascularización central aumentada en 24 pacientes (88,8 porciento de los casos). Conclusiones: los estudios ultrasonográficos de las masas anexiales permiten precisar el diagnóstico de su naturaleza benigna o maligna. Existe una alta concordancia entre el diagnóstico ultrasonográfico e histológico

Introduction: the use of imaging techniques has shifted the focus on the management of many conditions in medicine. Objective: to determine the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adnexal masses and to correlate it with pathologic findings. Methods: a descriptive longitudinal study was performed to 92 women between 1 January 1st, 2008 to January 1st, 2010 with the diagnosis of adnexal masses by ultrasound. Patients were selected in consultation with the objective of getting information of different variables: size of adnexal masses, echogenicity, wall and contour thickness, vascularization with Doppler technique and correlation between sonographic and histopathologic diagnosis. The histological samples were processed from surgical specimens in the patients treated. Results: benign and malignant tumors usually were more than 5 cm, 13.04 percent and 23.9 percent respectively, the complex appearance of adnexal masses dominated and there were malignant ovarian tumors in 20 patients (74.4 percent), which contributed the largest percentage; regular contours predominated in benign ovarian tumors and pseudotumoral lesions whereas malignant tumors showed irregular contours (25 percent). Malignant tumors showed increased center vascularization in 24 patients (88.8 percent of cases). Conclusions: the ultrasound studies of adnexal masses allow specifying the benign or malignant diagnosis. There is a high correlation between ultrasound and histological diagnosis

Role of combining colour doppler and grey scale ultrasound in characterizing adnexal masses

To evaluate the adnexal masses with conventional gray scale and color Doppler flow imaging and to assess their diagnostic reliability to differentiate benign and malignant adnexal masses. We evaluated 30 patients with adnexal mass. Morphological characterization of the mass was done using Sassone score. Color Doppler parameters noted down in each patient and Caruso vascular score was also used. The results were compared with surgical/ pathological and/or follow up scans. Using sonomorphological score [Sassone] overall reliability of differentiating adnexal masses had sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 77.7%. Using Caruso score alone we had sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 88.9%. Using Sassone and Caruso score together we had sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 93.3%. In evaluation of adnexal masses combining both sonomorphological and color Doppler scores which gave higher specificity and positive predictive value [PPV] than using individual score alone

Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma of cervix associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a case report and review of literature.

Well differentiated villoglandular adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix is a rare tumour which usually occurs in young women. It is considered to be an indolent tumour with favorable prognosis and most of them were treated by conservative procedures. We report a 35 year old lady who came with complaints of 3 months amenorrhoea and an episode of spontaneous bleeding. Urine pregnancy test was negative. Physical examination revealed a cervical polyp. Histopathological findings were consistent with villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma associated with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-3). Left parametrial and left ureteral involvement, proved by biopsy, causing left hydroureteronephrosis was detected. The patient was thus found to be in an advanced stage, stage- III b (FIGO). The patient is currently undergoing radiotherapy. A review of literature showed that only occasional cases showing disease spread have been reported, suggesting caution in the management and regular follow up of the patient.

Tumores anexiales y embarazo / Adnexal tumors and pregnancy

Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de tumores anexiales en el embarazo, la histología tumoral y los resultados perinatales. Pacientes y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 33 pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor anexial y embarazo atendidas en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital San Juan de Dios entre febrero de 2001 a julio de 2004. Resultados: La asociación tumor anexial y embarazo fue 1 en 424 embarazos. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el cistoadenoma seroso (19,2 por ciento no alteró el pronóstico perinatal. Conclusión: Recomendamos la resolución quirúrgica de las masas anexiales complejas durante el embarazo sobre las 12 semanas, período que da un margen de seguridad bastante amplio sin afectar la evolución del embarazo o los resultados perinatales.

Distribución de la patología anexial en mujer chilena: experiencia de la Universidad Católica de Chile / Distribution of adnexal pathology in chilean women: Universidad Católica de Chile experience

Se presenta la distribución de los hallazgos anátomo-patológicos anexiales en pacientes operadas por patología ginecológica durante el período comprendido entre los años 1991 y 2002. Se analiza su frecuencia según edad, localización anatómica y malignidad. El riesgo de cáncer en pacientes operadas con diagnóstico de tumor anexial es 9,5 por ciento. El hallazgo incidental de cáncer en pacientes operadas por patología ginecológica benigna es aproximadamente 1 en 3000 casos (0,3 por ciento).

Torsión uterina causada por un leiomioma gigante / Uterine torsion due to of a large subserous leiomyoma

Presentamos el caso de una torsión de útero y anexos debida a un leiomioma gigante subseroso. Se describe el curso clínico y el manejo diagnóstico-terapéutico.

Carcinoma de cuello: evaluación de la extensión locoregional mediante la RMI, ecografía transvaginal y ecografía transrectal, en pacientes tratadas con y sin neoadyuvancia / Cervical carcinoma: evaluation of the locoregional extension interceding the MR imaging, transvaginal and rectal ultrasonography, in patients treat with and without neoadjuvancy

Objetivos: Establecer la utilidad de la Resonancia Magnética (RMI), Ecografía transvaginal (EcoTV) y Transrectal (EcoTR), en la evaluación de la extensión del cáncer cervical. Métodos: Se estudiaron prospectivamente 57 pacientes: 36 recibieron poliquimioterapia neoadyuvante (PQT) y 18 se operaron directamente. Los estudios se realizaron en la semana previa a la cirugía y los resultados se compararon con la Anatomía Patológica. Resultados: Cuando se obtuvieron resultados positivos con RMI y EcoTR en la evaluación parametrial, la precisión fue de 81 por ciento (grupo PQT); y de 83 por ciento (grupo cirugía exclusivamente). La precisión de la EcoTV más RMI en la evaluación del tabique vésico-vaginal fue de 93,3 por ciento y de 86,7 por ciento respectivamente. Para las adenopatías la RMI tuvo una precisión de 66 por ciento y 33 por ciento. Conclusiones: La EcoTV debe ser utilizada en todas las pacientes en los que se necesite evaluar el septum vésico-vaginal y que no tengan cesáreas previas. La RMI debe ser utilizada en circunstancias seleccionadas como cirugías de invasión mínima o ultraradicales

Evaluación cito-histológica del compromiso parametrial en cáncer cérvico-uterino mediante punción aspirativa guiada por ecografía transvaginal / Cytological-hystological assessment of parametrial compromise in uterine-cervix cancer by aspirative punction assissted by transvaginal echography

El tacto vaginal no es suficiente para etapificar la extensión del Ca cervical en su compromiso parametrial. El uso de la ecografía transvaginal con la punción biópsica citológica-histológica parametrial permite certificar el diagnóstico. En 23 casos, se demostró 21 carcinomas epidermoides y 1 adenocarcinoma en correspondencia al tumor cervical. La etapificación clínica mostró un 8,3 por ciento de error

Sarcoma de tipo estroma endometrial extracorporales uterinos / Extracorporal uterine endometrial stromal-like sarcomas

Se presentan 3 sarcomas de tipo estroma esdometrial primarios extracorporales uterinos. Uno de ellos ovárico, bilateral, con extenso compromiso y permeaciones vasculares paratubarias parametriales, del epiplón y del tejido periureteral, asociado a endometriosis ovárica y del tejido paraureteral. Los otros dos casos eran lesiones polipoideas localizadas, una en el endocérvix, otra vaginal. Ninguno de estos 2 casos se asoció a endometriosis. Histológicamente los tumores estaban compuestos por células redondeadas, de escaso citoplasma, abundantes vasos pequeños y bajo índice mitótico. Estos hallazgos corresponden a los de sarcomas de tipo estroma endometrial, de bajo grado. Los presente casos enfatizan la multipotencialidad de los órganos müllerianos, no sólo por su capacidad de desarrollar diferentes tumores epiteliales paramesonéfricos, sino también diferentes sarcomas müllerianos

Histopatologia dos anexos ovulares na rotura prematura das membranas / Histopathology of the ovular adnexa in the premature rupture of the membranes

Estudaram-se a histopatologia de 108 anexos ovulares de pacientes com idade gestacional entre 21 e 37 semanas e cuja queixa à admissäo hospitalar preenchia os critérios de rotura prematura das membranas. Quarenta e cinco (41,7%) dos anexos estudados apresentaram sinais de infecçäo. Os diagnósticos histopatológicos mais freqüentes, quanto ao grau de infiltrado inflamatório, foram: deciduocorioamnionite (55,6%) e deciduocorionite (40%). A deciduocorioamnionite de graus leve e moderado ocorreu em 24% e 36% dos casos, respectivamente, sendo grave em 40%. A deciduocorionite apresentou-se de grau leve em 27,8%, sendo moderada e grave em 11,1% e 27,8% dos casos, respectivamente

Pathological changes in the adnexa after falope ring tubal sterilization

The gross pathology and histopathological findings of the adnexa were studied in 15 females 10, 20 and 30 days after Falope-ring sterilization. Haemorrhage, necrosis and inflammatory reaction was observed in early specimens while fibrosis dominates in the late specimens. The insult involves the trapped loop with little or no involvement of the other parts of the adnexa, thus reversibility of the tubal patency has a good prognosis