Associação de doença periodontal com Síndrome Coronária Aguda: um estudo caso-controle / Association of periodontal disease with acute coronary syndrome: a case-control study

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos epidemiológicos experimentais, assim como evidências clínicas, têm sugerido que o desenvolvimento da doença cardiovascular (DCV), aterosclerose e infarto cerebral podem ser influenciados por infecção. Desta forma, tem-se demonstrado que pessoas com manifestações clínicas de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) ou infarto cerebral apresentam infecções periodontais mais graves e que a gravidade da doença periodontal apresentou correlação positiva com a aterosclerose. OBJETIVO O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a associação da doença periodontal em pacientes com e sem diagnóstico de síndrome coronária aguda e investigar as possíveis associações com os fatores de risco conhecidos. MATERIAL E MÈTODO: Foram selecionados os participantes no Hospital Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia para os grupos caso e controle. Foram entrevistados por meio de um questionário estruturado e submetidos a exame clínico periodontal que consistiu na avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros clínicos: profundidade de sondagem e nível clínico de inserção em seis sítios por dente em todos os dentes presentes na cavidade oral. As variáveis contínuas foram descritas em média e desvio-padrão. As comparações das variáveis contínuas foram feitas através do teste t de Student não pareado ou através do teste de Mann-Whitney para dados assimétricos. As variáveis categóricas foram descritas por freqüência relativa e absoluta dentro dos grupos caso e controle, e foram aplicados os testes de Qui-quadrado ou, quando possível, o teste exato de Fisher para verificar associação. A análise multivariada foi realizada pelo modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 96 indivíduos com média de idade de 52,5 anos (com desvio padrão de 12,4). Dos indivíduos do grupo controle 18,2 por cento apresentaram quadro de periodontite grave enquanto, que no grupo caso, 40,4 por cento apresentaram este quadro (p=0,03)...

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological Studies, experimental and clinical evidence, have suggested that the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis and stroke may be influenced by infection. This way, it has been shown that persons with clinical signs of coronary artery disease (CAD) or stroke have more severe periodontal infections and the severity of periodontal disease was related correlation with atherosclerosis. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to evaluate the Association of periodontal disease in patients with and without diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and investigate possible associations with known risk factors. MATERIAL and METHODS: Participants were selected at the Cardiology Hospital Dante Pazzanese for case and control groups. Were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and underwent clinical examination which consisted in periodontal evaluation on the following clinical parameters: probing depth and clinical level of insertion into six sites per tooth in all teeth present in the oral cavity. The continuous variables were described on average and standard deviation. Comparisons of continuous variables were made through the test the student's t not paired or through Mann-Whitney test for asymmetrical data. Categorical variables were described by relative frequency and absolute within groups and were applied Q Square Q test or, when possible, the Fisher exact test. The multivariate analysis was conducted by logistic regression model. RESULTS: 96 individuals participated in the study with mean age of 52.5 years (with standard deviation of 12.4). In the control group 18.2 per cent have severe periodontitis frame while in Group case, 40.4 per cent showed this frame (p=0,03)...

Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with ischemic events

To determine the presence of anticardiolipin [aCL] antibodies in patients with ischemic events, we designed a case-control study. We studied 33 patients with unstable angina, 33 male patients with myocardial infarction and 34 control subjects with no evidence of ischemic heart disease. Plasma samples were assessed for IgG anticardiolipin antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The levels of aCL were [mean +/- SD of optical density multiplied by 1000]: 624 +/- 319, 486 +/- 318, and 239 +/- 202 for patients with unstable angina, myocardial infarction and controls, respectively [F=15.74 and p=0.0000]. High aCL levels were found more often in patients with acute ischemic events

Activation of monocytes, T-lymphocytes and plasma inflammatory markers in angina patients

Inflammation and activation of immune cells have important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We analyzed the plasma levels of inflammatory markers and the degree of activation of peripheral blood monocytes and T-lymphocytes isolated from 12 unstable angina, 12 stable angina, and 12 normal subjects. In 20%-33% of patients, monocytes expressed high basal levels of IL-8, tissue factor, IL-1beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA. Furthermore, basal mRNA levels of these cytokines showed strong correlation with each other (p < 0.01 in all combination) but not with tumor necrosis factor-alpha or transforming growth factor-beta1. Plasma level of C-reactive protein was highest in the unstable angina patients (1.63+/-0.70 mg/l) and lowest in the control subjects (0.22+/-0.08 mg/l) (P = 0.03). We also observed a high correlation between C-reactive protein level and the occurrence of minor and major coronary events during 6 months of follow-up. Activation status of T-cells, assessed by the percentage of HLA-DR positive cells, was highest in the unstable angina patients (26.8+/-1.4%) compared with that in the control (14.7+/-1.2%) (P = 0.0053). Our data represent the first case showing that the circulating monocytes in angina patients are activated to a state express numerous proatherogenic cytokines. These results may help to diagnose angina patients according to the inflammatory markers and evaluate the prognosis of the disease.