Brazilian spotted fever prevention through a nonlethal capybara population control strategy

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a lethal tick-borne Rickettsioses (2000 - 2018 >600 human deaths) involving synanthropic capybara as host. METHODS: We introduced an alternative to mitigate human-capybara conflicts and epidemiologic concerns of BSF. Complex aspects like transmission dynamics, risk areas, host mobility, and birth rate control, were considered to develop a prevention strategy using an anti-GnRH vaccine. RESULTS: The propositioned immunocontraceptive potentially remove and prevent the spread of BSF from endemic areas. CONCLUSIONS: We propose the anti-GnRH vaccine as a BSF prevention strategy based on these favorable results.

Induction of castration by immunization of male dogs with recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-canine distemper virus (CDV) T helper cell epitope p35

Immunocastration is a considerable alternative to a surgical castration method especially in male animal species for alleviating unwanted male behaviors and characteristics. Induction of high titer of antibody specific for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) correlates with the regression of testes. Fusion proteins composed of canine GnRH and T helper (Th) cell epitope p35 originated from canine distemper virus (CDV) F protein and goat rotavirus VP6 protein were produced in E. coli. When these fusion proteins were injected to male dogs which were previously immunized with CDV vaccine, the fusion protein of GnRH-CDV Th cell epitope p35 induced much higher antibody than that of GnRH-rotavirus VP6 protein or GnRH alone. The degeneration of spermatogenesis was also verified in the male dogs immunized with the fusion protein of GnRH-CDV Th cell epitope p35. These results indicate that canine GnRH conjugated to CDV Th cell epitope p35 acted as a strong immunogen and the antibody to GnRH specifically neutralized GnRH in the testes. This study also implies a potential application of GnRH-based vaccines for immunocastration of male pets.

Zona pellucida glycoproteins based immunocontraceptive vaccines: strategies for development and their applications.

The mammalian oocyte is surrounded by an extra-cellular matrix, the zona pellucida (ZP), composed of three major glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3). The ZP glycoproteins, by virtue of their tissue specificity and critical role during mammalian fertilization, have emerged as potential candidate antigens for the development of an immunocontraceptive vaccine. Molecular characterization of ZP glycoproteins from several species, reveals a variable degree of homology among the deduced primary amino acid sequences, which provided an opportunity to undertake active immunization studies in heterologous animal models. Active immunization of various animal species with either native ZP glycoproteins or those obtained by recombinant DNA technology led to the inhibition of fertility. Thus ZP glycoproteins based immunocontraceptive vaccines offer an attractive proposition for controlling wild life population. To make it a practical proposition, additional research inputs are required to optimize and devise novel strategies for vaccine delivery. Observed ovarian dysfunction, often associated with immunization by ZP glycoproteins is one of the major stumbling blocks for their use in humans. Ongoing studies to delineate appropriate B cell epitopes of ZP glycoproteins that are devoid of oophoritogenic T-cell epitopes, which will inhibit fertility without concomitant oophoritis, will be critical to determine their feasibility for human use.

Antígenos de zona pelúcida en el ovocio humano: su importancia en las estrategias anticonceptivas / Zona pellucida antigens of human oocyte: its relevance in contraceptive strategies

La zona pelúcida (ZP) es una capa de glicoproteínas que rodea al ovocito de los mamíferos. Esta cubierta está formada por tre familias de glicoproteínas denominadas ZP1, ZP2 y ZP3, que difieren en sus propiedades inmunológicas y funcionales debido a modificaciones postraduccionales. Estudios llevados a cabo en el ratón sugieren que la función de estas proteínas se encuentra relacionada con el reconocimiento del espermatozoide por la ZP, confiriéndole muy probablemente la connotación de receptores. Esta observación ha permitido que varios laboratorios hayan iniciado la producción y obtención de las proteínas de la ZP, permitiendo la exploración de su papel en procesos fisiológicos y clínicos, y ha abierto la posibilidad de utilizarlas en el desarrollo de un método inmunológico anticonceptivo. En la actualidad la posibilidad de obtener anticuerpos específicos contra los constituyentes proteínicos de la ZP representa una estrategia novedosa para el control de la fertilidad en el humano.

Research in reproduction: the Indian scenario in the last decade [II].

Developing new, improved and totally safe, effective and acceptable contraceptives based on the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of reproduction is a new challenge to biomedical scientists involved in research in reproductive biology. The present article reviews some of the major contributions made during the last decade by scientists working in India in developing new strategies and technologies for better human reproductive health and fertility regulation.

En busca de una vacuna para el control de la fertilidad / In search of a vaccine for fertility control

Se revisan diferentes procedimientos de investigación en relación a una vacuna contra la fertilidad. Se necesita mayor investigación al respecto. Una vacuna para el control de la fertilidad debe ser sometida a diversos juicios, desde los puntos de vista moral, político y religioso. Siempre se valorá la sobrepoblación, falta de recursos económicos, y el futuro de los países en desarrollo con alto índice de natalidad