rostros del aymara en la Provincia de Parinacota Region de Tarapaca Chile / sss

El presente estudio es un diagnostico sociolinguistico sobre la vigencia del ayamara en dos pueblos representativos de los espacios tradicionales, precordillera y altiplano de los aymaras en Chile. Por consiguiente el trabajo presenta los tipos de usuarios en la que se destacan atnocategorias, los tipos y las tendencias de uso, las funciones predominantes en esos usos y las diversas razones de desuso del ayamra en su contexto dominante del castellano. Tales aspectos se analizan desde la perspectiva contextual especifica es decir desde la realidad sociohistorica de la sociedad ayamara chilena con enfasis en la chilenizacion. La lengua aymara presenta un gradoo de asimilacion tal, que gran parte de los pobladores la ha abandonado por que ya no tiene valor funcional las comunicaciones cotiadianas ni valor funcional simbolico del grupo etnico...

Methodological issues for eliciting local signs/symptoms/illness terms associated with acute respiratory illnesses

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are among the principal causes of mortality of children under 5 years of age. Most deaths are due to pneumonia. which, when timely identified and properly treated, could be avoided. An effective case management scheme, based on early recognition of pneumonia and prompt antibiotic treatment, relies on early recognition of alarm signs by mothers and community health workers. For mothers to undestand and act on advice from health workers, language and concepts commonly used by mothers should be utilized. The present study was carried out to compare the relative effectiveness of two different methods to elicit local terms used by mothers to refer to ARI symptoms/signs/treatments. A comparison was made among the terms elicited by a free listing o common terms mentioned by mothers in relation to ARI, and the terms they recognized when looking at a video that showed children with different ARI signs. The video was shown in a community and a clinical setting, in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of showing it in these settings. The video elicited more signs dealing with serious illness, respiratory distresss and general malaise, but missed non-visual signs, such as fever, lack of appetite or pain. Also, mothers tended to be distracted by trivial signs, such as skin color. Free listing was easier to administer and elicited more non-life-threatenin symptoms/signs, but mothers were more prone to drift away and mention terms not related to respiratory illness. Showing the video in the clinic elicited more medical-related terms, and was easier to show than in the community. In conclusion. choice of either of the two methods depends on the researcher's purpose. Using both methods produced a larger list of terms associated with ARI