Gastrointestinal reconstruction by intestinal auto-transplantation after radical resection of neoplasms involving superior mesenteric artery: a preliminary consideration / 中华外科杂志

When abdominal neoplasms originating from the pancreas or nearby organs locally involving the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), complete resection is still the only hope for cure. However, SMA resection and reconstruction is a complex surgical procedure associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality. Intestinal autotransplantation has recently emerged in clinical practice as a treatment option for selected patients with neoplasms involving the SMA. The original procedure involved en bloc removal of a tumor together with the intestine, ex vivo resection and reconstruction of gastrointestinal tract by an intestinal autograft. To further refine this complex procedure, a modified method was developed in which a segmental bowel autograft is selected and harvested first during the initial stage of the operation, and radical resection of the neoplasm is carried out thereafter. The modification would better protect a healthy bowel autograft from potential damage due to prolonged warm ischemia and allow the subsequent lengthy process of dissection to be performed in an unrushed manner. Furthermore, this alteration would better adhere to the general principles of minimal tumor manipulation during operation and potentially decrease the risks of tumor implantation during in vitro organ perfusion. Although intestinal autotransplantation has expanded eligibility for resection of otherwise unresectable lesions involving the SMA, its operative complexity, high risks, and post-operative complications largely limit its clinical applications.

Isquemia mesentérica aguda: a propósito de un caso / Acute mesenteric ischemia: a purpose of a case

La isquemia mesentérica aguda (IMA) es consecuencia de la oclusión de la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS) por trombosis o embolia, y es considerada la más letal del síndrome de abdomen agudo. Se presenta el caso de paciente femenina de 69 años con clínica difusa y confirmación diagnóstica radiológica, El objetivo de este caso clínico es proporcionar una revisión bibliográfica actual del tema y facilitar la adecuada actuación ante este problema de salud de amplio compromiso sistémico, y de aparición no tan infrecuente. (AU)

Acute mesenteric ischemia (IMA) is a consequence of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (AMS) by thrombosis or embolism; and it is considered the most lethal of acute abdomen syndrome. The case of a 69 years old female patient with diffuse clinic and radiological diagnostic confirmation is presented. The objective of this clinical case is to provide a current bibliographic review of the topic and facilitate adequate action in the face of this health problem with a broad systemic commitment, and with no appearance so infrequent. (AU)

Anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery and its clinical and surgical implications in humans / Variações anatômicas da artéria mesentérica superior e suas implicações clínicas e cirúrgicas em humanos

ABSTRACT Introduction: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) usually arises from the abdominal aorta, just below the celiac trunk and it supplies the midgut-derived embryonic structures. Anatomical variations in this vessel contribute to problems in the formation and/or absorption of this part of the intestine and its absence has been recognized as the cause of congenital duodenojejunal atresia. Objective: To analyze SMA anatomical variations in humans and the possible associated clinical and surgical implications. Methods: This is a systematic review of papers indexed in PubMed, SciELO, Springerlink, Science Direct, Lilacs, and Latindex databases. The search was performed by two independent reviewers between September and December 2018. Original studies involving SMA variations in humans were included. SMA presence/absence, level, place of origin and its terminal branches were considered. Results: At the end of the search, 18 studies were selected, characterized as for the sample, method to evaluate the anatomical structure and main results. The most common type of variation was when SMA originated from the right hepatic artery (6.13%). Two studies (11.11%) evidenced the inferior mesenteric artery originating from the SMA, whereas other two (11.11%) found the SMA sharing the same origin of the celiac trunk. Conclusion: SMA variations are not uncommon findings and their reports evidenced through the scientific literature demonstrate a great role for the development of important clinical conditions, making knowledge about this subject relevant to surgeons and professionals working in this area.

RESUMO Introdução: A artéria mesentérica superior (AMS), normalmente, tem sua origem a partir da aorta abdominal, um pouco abaixo do tronco celíaco e é responsável pela irrigação das estruturas derivadas, embrionariamente, do intestino médio. Variações anatômicas nesse vaso contribui para defeitos na formação e/ou absorção dessa parte do intestino e a sua ausência tem sido reconhecida como a causa da atresia duodenojejunal congênita. Objetivo: Analisar as variações anatômicas dela em humanos e as possíveis implicações clínicas e cirúrgicas associadas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Springerlink, Scienc Direct, Lilacs e Latindex. A busca ocorreu por dois revisores independentes entre setembro e dezembro de 2018. Foram incluídos artigos originais envolvendo as variações da AMS em humanos. Considerou-se para este estudo a presença/ausência da AMS, o nível, local de origem e seus ramos terminais. Resultados: Ao final da busca foram selecionados 18 artigos, caracterizados quanto à amostra, método para avaliar a estrutura anatômica e principais resultados. O tipo de variação mais comum foi aquele cuja AMS se originou da artéria hepática direita (6,13%). Dois estudos (11,11%) evidenciaram a artéria mesentérica inferior originando-se a partir da AMS, enquanto outros dois (11,11%) constataram ser ela compartilhada na mesma origem do tronco celíaco. Conclusão: Variações na AMS não são achados incomuns e seus relatos evidenciados através da literatura científica demonstram grande importância para o desenvolvimento de condições clínicas importantes, tornando o conhecimento sobre esse assunto relevante para os cirurgiões e profissionais atuantes nesta área.

RE: Hemangiopericytoma of the Greater Omentum: A Potential Imaging Pitfall and Cause of Repeatedly Unsuccessful Angiographic Embolization

No abstract available.

Tratamiento endovascular exitoso del síndrome de cascanueces con stent autoexpandible / Successful endovascular treatment of nutcracker's syndrome with self-expanding stent

El síndrome de cascanueces (nutcracker's syndrome) se produce por compresión de la vena renal izquierda a su paso por la horquilla vascular, formada por la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, causando una compresión extrínseca que genera estenosis funcional de la misma. Esto produce congestión e hipertensión de la vena renal izquierda que se traduce en insuficiencia y várices de la vena gonadal izquierda, hematuria unilateral y dolor lumbar izquierdo, el diagnóstico pocas veces se realiza, por su baja frecuencia y por la falta de sospecha clínica. El tratamiento del síndrome de cascanueces incluye el autotransplante renal, trasposición de arteria mesentérica superior, revascularización y más recientemente, la colocación de stent en la vena renal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que fue sometido a tratamiento endovascular exitoso con un stent autoexpandible en la vena renal izquierda, con criterios inmediatos de éxito por angiografía, reducción de la congestión venosa y por desaparición del gradiente cavo/renal.

Nutcracker's syndrome is caused by compression of the left renal vein between aorta and superior mesenteric artery, causing extrinsic compression generated functional stenosis. This causes congestion and hypertension of the left renal vein resulting in insufficiency and left gonadal vein varicose, unilateral hematuria and left flank pain, diagnosis is rarely identified by their low frequency and difficulty of suspecting, treatment of nutcracker's syndrome include renal autotransplantation, transposition of superior mesenteric artery revascularization and recently stenting in renal vein, we present the case of a patient, who showed this pathology by diagnostic support by image studies, was performed successfully implant a self-expanding stent with immediate success criteria by angiography, collateral reduction and by disappearance of cava/renal gradient.

Manejo híbrido de aneurisma infeccioso de aorta visceral: Caso clínico / Hybrid management of an infectious pseudoaneurysm: Report of one case

We report a 61-year-old male with a four months history of progressive back pain, fever, weight loss and hematuria. A CAT scan showed a spondylitis with destruction of L1 and L2 vertebral bodies and a big pseudoaneurysm of the posterior wall of the visceral aorta. A hybrid approach was used to repair the lesion in two stages; a surgical superior mesenteric artery revascularization followed by the placement of an endovascular stent graft in the affected segment of the aorta 48 hours later, excluding the lesion from circulation. In the postoperative period, no evidence of mesenteric vascular insufficiency was detected but the patient developed a systemic inflammatory response that was managed adequately. A CAT scan performed one month later confirmed the exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. One year after surgery, the patient is able to walk and without evidences of infection or pseudoaneurysm.

Isquemia mesentérica segmentaria: a razón de un caso / Segmentary mesenteric isquemia: a propos of a case

Presentamos un caso de un paciente de 43 años con antecedentes de salud que acude a emergencia por dolor abdominal que se interviene quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda encontrando isquemia mesentérica segmentaria de intestino delgado, a razón de lo cual se realiza revisión del tema.

We present the case of a 43-years-old patient with antecedents assisting the Emergency Service for abdominal pain. She was operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, finding a segmentary mesenteric isquemia of small intestine; that is why we reviewed this theme.

Resecciones vasculares en duodenopancreatectomía / Resections you will tilt in duodenopancreatectomía

Introducción: La duodenopancreatectomía en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza de páncreas e invasión a los vasos mesentéricos es una cirugía compleja y por lo tanto su indicación es un tema de controversia. Objetivo: Investigar las indicaciones, resultados y supervivencia de la duodenopancreatectomía con resección vascular. Lugar de aplicación: Centro público y privado de referencia. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de una serie consecutiva de casos. Material y Métodos: Se correlacionó la TAC previa con la necesidad o no de resección vascular. Se determinó la supervivencia mediante la supervivencia media. Se comparó la supervivencia de los pacientes resecados con y sin resección vascular. Resultados: En el período 1995-2007 se realizaron 572 resecciones pancreáticas. De estas, 104 correspondieron a duodenopancreatectomía por adenocarcinoma de pàncreas. La TAC preoperatoria identifico al 82% de los pacientes que requirieron resección vascular. En 23 (22,1%) pacientes se realizó resección vascular, en los 81 (77,9%) restantes se realizó duodenopancreatectomía convencional. De las resecciones vasculares 18 (78%) fueron laterales y 5 (22%) segmentarias. La morbilidad y mortalidad fue similar entre pacientes con (60,8% y 4,3%) y sin resección vascular (59% y 2,4%). La supervivencia media fue de 19 meses y 20 meses en pacientes con y sin resección vascular respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las resecciones vasculares están indicadas en pacientes con invasión aislada de la VMS (sin invasión de la arteria mesentérica superior). La TAC dinámica identificó al 80% de los pacientes que requierieron resección vascular. En centros de alto volumen, la resección vascular se puede realizar con cifras bajas de morbilidad y mortalidad. La morbilidad operatoria y la supervivencia alejada son similares entre pacientes con y sin resección vascular. palabras clave: duodeno - páncreas - neoplasia - cirugía - resección vascular.

Tratamiento "híbrido" del aneurisma tóraco-abdominal: revascularización visceral extraanatómica e inserción de endoprótesis / Extra anatomical revascularization and endovascular stent-grafting for thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: Report of four cases

Surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms is a big technical challenge with a high rate of complications and mortality. It requires a large exposure and transient interruption of vital organ perfusion during its repair. Endovascular repair is a less invasive alternative available over the last decade. We report four male patients aged 44 to 76 years, with thoracic aortic aneurysms and involvement of visceral aorta, treated with a two stage procedure. During the first stage, a retrograde revascularization of the superior mesenteric and renal arteries from the infrarenal aorta was done, associated in two cases to a concomitant repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. In the second stage, an endovascular graft was placed through the femoral artery, from the segment proximal to the aneurysm to the infrarenal aorta, above the origin of the visceral artery reconstructions, excluding the aneurysm from circulation. In one patient, both stages were concomitant and in three the second stage was delayed. One patient presented a postoperative bleeding that required reintervention without adverse consequences. No patient died, presented paraplegia or deterioration of renal function. After follow up of 6 to 20 months, there is no evidence of aneurysm growth or complications derived from the procedure.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la isquemia mesentérica crónica: Caso clínico / Surgical treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia: Report of one case

Although the classic therapy for chronic mesenteric ischemia is surgical revascularization, endovascular therapy is a new therapeutic option. We report a 55 year-old female, with a 2 years history of post prandial abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weight loss, with occlusion of both mesenteric arteries and critical stenosis of the celiac artery. The initial treatment consisted in angioplasty and celiac artery stent placement in two occasions, with a brief symptomatic relief. Finally, a visceral artery bypass was performed, with good post operative outcome and complete symptomatic resolution at one year follow up. In our opinion endovascular therapy is a good therapeutic option for chronic mesenteric ischemia in high surgical risk patients, specially when dealing with stenotic injuries. It may also be a complement for patients who need to recover their nutritional status prior to revascularization surgery. On the other hand, due to the long term patency and symptomatic relief, surgical treatment is a good option in low risk patients.

Management of visceral artery aneurysms

Objective: Visceral artery aneurysms, despite being uncommon, are important vascular diseases, since they frequently are life threatening, and often fatal emergencies. The purpose of this study is to review our experience with treatment of visceral artery aneurysms. Method: Between 1988 and June, 2004, 37 visceral artery aneurysms were treated in 35 patients (17 male and 18 female) with average age of 56 mais ou menos 14 years. The most common locations were the splenic artery (18), the hepatic artery (10) and the superior mesenteric artery (four), 22 patients were asymptomatic, 13 patients were symptomatic. Emergency surgery was performed on three patients, elective open surgery on 20 patients, and endovascular treatment onseven patients. Results: Perioperative mortality rate was 3,1 por cento in the surgical group. The perioperative mobidity rate was 5,7 por cento: one case of respiratory distress and one case of bilious fistula were...

Dolor abdominal atípico en paciente con estenosis crítica de arteria mesentérica superior: resolución con angioplastía / Atypical abdominal pain in a patient with critical upper mesenteric artery stenosis: resolution with angioplasty

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con dolor abdominal, de carácter atípico. Tras amplio estudio, se realizó angiografía que demostró estenosis crítica en origen de arteria mesentérica. Se procedió a instalar stent, con óptimo flujo posterior. Este caso ilustra la efectividad y seguridad de la angioplastía con stent en el tratamiento de la isquemia mesentérica crónica y su creciente aplicación, antes reservada sólo a casos de alto riesgo quirúrgico

Tratamiento quirúrgico de los aneurismas de arterias viscerales / Surgical treatment of visceral artery aneurysms

Los aneurismas de las arterias viscerales son raros, y de estos, los de las arterias hepática y esplénica son de más frecuentes. Un caso fuera de lo común de dos aneurismas de las ramas de la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS), involucrando las arterias gastroduodenal y la pancreaticoduodenal es reportado. El problema fue manejado por sutura y ligadura por dentro del aneurisma entrando y saliendo de los vasos y con resección parcial de ambos sacos de los aneurismas. Los factores etiológicos fueron: la degeneración de la capa media arterial asociada a hipertensión arterial sistémica reveló depósito de tejido fibroso y numerosos macrófagos. El curso postoperatorio transcurrió sin incidentes; las pruebas de funcionamiento hepático y la tomografía fueron normales. La paciente fue dada de alta al décimo día con seguimiento por un mes en buenas condiciones generales

Embolia mesentérica / Mesenteric artery embolism

A case of mesenteric artery embolism is presented in which prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment by embolectomy of the superior mesenteric artery was successful. The importance of a prompt diagnosis and treatment as the keys to success in the management of visceral embolism is emphasized. The new therapeutic alternatives, as the intra-arterial infusion of low-dose streptokinase, are discussed