Aspectos anatomopatológicos do parasitismo por nematódeos da superfamília filarioidea em capivaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de vida livre no Centro-Oeste brasileiro / Anatomic pathology aspects of the parasitism by cruorifilaria tuberocauda in capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in midwestern Brazil

São descritos dois casos de parasitismo por Cruorifilaria tuberocauda em capivaras de vida livre no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Macroscopicamente, observou-se nas superfícies de corte dos rins espessamento acentuado de vasos das regiões cortical e córtico-medular. Microscopicamente, havia arterite proliferativa e granulomatosa acentuada associada a filarídeos intralesionais consistentes com Cruorifilaria tuberocauda. Esse é o primeiro relato do parasitismo por esse filarídeo em capivaras no Distrito Federal.

This report describes two cases of parasitism by Cruorifilaria tuberocauda in wild capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Distrito Federal, Brazil. Grossly, there was marked thickening of vessels wall of the cortical and corticomedullary regions of both kidneys. Microscopically, there was severe proliferative and granulomatous arteritis associated with intralesional filarids, consistent with Cruorifilaria tuberocauda. For the first time this filarid is reported parasitizing capybaras in Distrito Federal, Brazil.

Differences between Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Open Angle Glaucoma with Altitudinal Visual Field Defect

PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) change and optic nerve head parameters between non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and open angle glaucoma (OAG) with altitudinal visual field defect. METHODS: Seventeen NAION patients and 26 OAG patients were enrolled prospectively. The standard visual field indices (mean deviation, pattern standard deviation) were obtained from the Humphrey visual field test and differences between the two groups were analyzed. Cirrus HD-OCT parameters were used, including optic disc head analysis, average RNFL thickness, and RNFL thickness of each quadrant. RESULTS: The mean deviation and pattern standard deviation were not significantly different between the groups. In the affected eye, although the disc area was similar between the two groups (2.00 +/- 0.32 and 1.99 +/- 0.33 mm2, p = 0.586), the rim area of the OAG group was smaller than that of the NAION group (1.26 +/- 0.56 and 0.61 +/- 0.15 mm2, respectively, p < 0.001). RNFL asymmetry was not different between the two groups (p = 0.265), but the inferior RNFL thickness of both the affected and unaffected eyes were less in the OAG group than in the NAION group. In the analysis of optic disc morphology, both affected and unaffected eyes showed significant differences between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: To differentiate NAION from OAG in eyes with altitudinal visual field defects, optic disc head analysis of not only the affected eye, but also the unaffected eye, by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography may be helpful.

Arteritis de celulas gigantes: clásicos y novedades que vale la pena recordar / Giant cells arteritis: classics and innovations for remember

La Arteritis de Células Gigantes (ACG) es una vasculitis frecuente que ocurre en personas mayores y que afecta principalmente vasos craneanos. Generalmente se acompaña de síntomas sistémicos, claudicación mandibular y alteraciones visuales. La Polimialgia Reumática (PMR) se caracteriza por dolor y rigidez de cintura escapular y pelviana que presenta síntomas constitucionales y reacciones sistémicas. En los últimos años, ha aparecido evidencia que relaciona ambas entidades como componentes de una misma enfermedad. En este artículo se revisan aspectos nuevos en diagnóstico, terapia y etiopatogenia de la ACG y sus relaciones con PMR.

The Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common vasculitic syndrome occurring in older persons and it preferentially affects cranial arteries. Generally accompanied by constitutional symptoms and typical findings like jaw claudication and vision disorder.Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) is caracterized by pain and stiffness involving shoulder and pelvic girdless with constitutional symptoms and findings of a systemic reaction. In recents years, evidence linking both conditions as components of asingle disease process has been accumulated. In the present article, we review new aspects of the diagnosis, therapy and pathogenesis of the GCA, and their relationship.

Arteritis segmentaria y focal de arterias intracraneanas: Informe de cuatro casos de autopsia / Segmental and focal arteritis of intracranial arteries: A report of four autopsy cases

El sistema nervioso central puede ser afectado por diversos tipos de vasculitis, ya sea como parte de una afección sistémica o de manera aislada. Se informan cuatro casos de arteritis segmentarias y focales de arterias intracraneanas, todos los pacientes fueron jóvenes y no presentaron datos clínicos de afección, ni lesiones en arterias extracraneanas. La afección de las arterias cerebrales fue focal y segmentaria y produjo trombosis con el consiguiente infarto isquémico en el territorio irrigado por el vaso afectado. Se revisan los conceptos sobre patogenía y clasificación de las vasculitis que afectan al sistema nervioso central, con especial atención de aquellas producidas por complejos inmunes circulantes

Digital pulse volume recording: an essential test for the assessment of arteritis in diabetic patients

The high incidence of medial calcification in the distal arteries of lower extremities in diabetic patients is responsible for most of the errors made in measuring ankle-pressure index. Because digital arteries are rarely calcified, digital pulse volume recording has been proposed as a specific and complementary test. Between march 1993 and march 1996, this test was performed in addition to ankle-pressure index in 66 diabetic patients. The ankle-arm index was overestimated and erroneous in 89.4% of cases. Digital arteries were calcified in 74% of cases and diabetic neuropathy present in 53% of cases. Assessment of the severity of arteritis by digital pulse volume recording [category 1 to 5] has led to better prevention and treatment. It is an essential test for the assessment of arteritis in diabetics, but also for the prediction of success of a surgical procedure: distal amputation, lumbar sympathectomy and arterial reconstruction

Arteritis de Takayasu: prueba seroinmunologica de su relación con infección por micobacterias / Mycobacterial infections in Takayasu's arteritis

La aorto-arteritis inespecífica de Takayasu (AT) es una vasculitis idiopática que afecta la aorta, sus ramas principales y a veces la arteria pulmonar. Es una enfermedad prevalente en todo el mundo -pero con predilección en razas orientales y mestizos hispanoamericanos- que afecta mujeres jóvenes y su causa es desconocida. Desde hace 50 años se ha sospechado su relación con tuberculosis. En este trabajo se encontró que el suero de los pacientes con AT tiene un anticuerpo IgG específico para una glicoproteína de 38 kDa, que es un marcador serológico de infección por mycobacterium tuberculosis. Es probable que la AT sea una vasculitis postinfecciosa con patogenia de base inmunológica.