Autoimmune central diabetes insipidus in a patient with ureaplasma urealyticum infection and review on new triggers of immune response

Diabetes insipidus is a disease in which large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria) are excreted due to vasopressin (AVP) deficiency [central diabetes insipidus (CDI)] or to AVP resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). In the majority of patients, the occurrence of CDI is related to the destruction or degeneration of neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. The most common and well recognized causes include local inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, vascular disorders, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), sarcoidosis, tumors such as germinoma/craniopharyngioma or metastases, traumatic brain injuries, intracranial surgery, and midline cerebral and cranial malformations. Here we have the opportunity to describe an unusual case of female patient who developed autoimmune CDI following ureaplasma urealyticum infection and to review the literature on this uncommon feature. Moreover, we also discussed the potential mechanisms by which ureaplasma urealyticum might favor the development of autoimmune CDI.

Artritis reactiva secundaria a fiebre por mordedura de rata: reporte de un caso clínico / Reactive arthritis secondary to rat-bite fever: report on a clinical case

Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo masculino, de 69 años, sin otros antecedentes. Debuta con dolor en zona de la cadera derecha transitorio, evolucionando con cuadro de seis días de desarrollo de fiebre hasta 39,2ºC, calofríos, artralgias en tarso derecho, rodillas, hombros y astenia, por lo que fue hospitalizado. Al examen destacaba aumento de volumen doloroso en rodilla izquierda y hombro derecho. El estudio de líquido articular descartó artritis infecciosa y presencia de cristales intraarticulares. Los exámenes séricos mostraban parámetros inflamatorios alterados con leucocitosis, VHS y PCR elevados. Panel viral negativo. Sin otro foco inflamatorio evidente, se inició manejo antibiótico empírico con Ceftriaxona y Cloxacilina, con buena respuesta, mejorando su sintomatología y parámetros inflamatorios. Cultivos articulares negativos. El Gram de hemocultivos demostró la presencia de bacilos Gram negativos, aislando en los hemocultivos Streptobacillus moniliformis. El paciente evoluciona favorablemente, con regresión total de su cuadro articular. Discusión y conclusión: La Fiebre por Mordedura de Rata es una enfermedad sistémica que típicamente se presenta con fiebre, rash cutáneo y poliartralgias migratorias. Uno de sus principales agentes causales es el Streptobacillus moniliformis, que coloniza la nasofaringe de ratas y otros roedores. Casos aislados han sido reportados en Chile. En la Fiebre por Mordedura de Rata hasta un 50 por ciento de los pacientes desarrolla artritis con derrame articular o sin él. Puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero la más comúnmente comprometida es la rodilla. El dolor articular disminuye en las primeras tres semanas del uso de antibióticos, pero la articulación en ocasiones puede llegar a ser destruida. En sujetos sanos se han reportado tasas de mortalidad de 10 por ciento a 15 por ciento. Mientras todos los síntomas se resuelven puede haber recaídas con graves complicaciones, como meningitis, endocarditis...

Clinical case: Male patient, 69 years old and no previous record. First episode with transitory pain in the right hip zone, going on to 6 days of fever that evolves to 39.2 ºC, shivers, articular pain in the right tarsus, knees, shoulders and asthenia, so he was hospitalized. Upon examination, painful swellings of the left knee and right shoulder stood out. A study of synovial fluid ruled out infectious arthritis and presence of intra-articular crystals. Blood tests showed altered inflammatory parameters with high leukocytes, VHS and CRP. Negative viral panel. Without another evident inflammatory focus, an empirical management was initiated by means of antibiotics with Ceftriaxone y Cloxaciline, which had a good response relieving symptoms and inflammatory panels. Negative articular culturing. The blood culture Gram showed presence of negative Gram bacilli, with the isolation of Streptobacillus moniliformis in the blood cultures. Patient evolves favorably, with full regression of his articular symptoms. Discussion and conclusion: Rat-bite fever is a systemic sickness that typically presents itself with high fever, skin rash and migratory poly-articular pain. One of its main causing agents is the Streptobacillus moniliformis that colonize the nasopharynx of rats and other rodents. Isolated cases have been reported in Chile. In Rat-bite Fever up to 50 percent of patients develop arthritis with and without joint effusion. It may affect any joint, but that most commonly compromised is the knee. Articular pain subsides in the first 3 weeks of use of antibiotics, but the joint may sometimes even be destroyed. Mortality rates in healthy individuals have been reported at 10 percent to 15 percent. While all symptoms disappear there might be relapses with serious complications such as meningitis, endocarditis, myocarditis, pneumonia and fulminant sepsis that may cause the patient to die. Timely diagnose and treatment are paramount to avoid its serious...

Subungual erythema in lymph node tuberculosis with erythema nodosum.

We encountered a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis with erythema nodosum presenting with an unusual manifestation as subungual erythema in all the digits. Relevant literature and the possible explanation for the subungual erythema have been discussed.

Infección y artritis reactiva: correlación clínico bacteriológica en artropatía seronegativa / Infection and reactive arthritis: clinical bacteriological correlation in seronegative arthropathies

The aim of this study was to search infections that trigger reactive arthritis. Eigthy-six patients with seronegative arthritis (SNA) were studied; 32 had reactive arthritis, 21 ankylosing spondylitis, 7 psoriatic arthritis and 26 undifferentiated seronegative oligoarthritis. As controls, 70 patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and 55 healthy volunteers (HV) were studied. Serological evidence for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was studied with micro immunofluorescence, looking for L2 and BED serotypes and serological evidence for Yersinia infection, using a commercial kit. Stool cultures were done in seven patients with recent diarrhea and endourethral or endocervical cultures in 35 individuals. Serotypes L2 or BED were positive in 23 of 83 patients with SNA, 3 of 39 patients with CTD and 4 of 55 HV (p<0.03). IgG class antibodies against L2 were detected in 17 percent of SNA patients, 2.6 percent of CTD patients and 5.4 percent of HV (p<0.05). IgM class antibodies were detected in 6 SNA patients, 0 CTD patients and 2 HV (NS). 12 of 35 cultures were positive for Chlamydia. As a whole 30 percent of SNA patients has serological or bacteriological evidence for Chlamydia infection. Serology for Yersinia was positive in 39 of 81 SNA patients, 1 of 54 CTD patients and 3 of 51 HV (p<0.01). Rates of infections were similar among male, female, HLA B27 positive and HLA negative subjects. It is concluded that SNA patients have a high prevalence of infections by Chlamydia trachomatis or Yersinia enterocolitica

Artrite reativa: parasitária, bacteriana, viral / Reactive arthritis: parasitic,

Este trabalho baseou-se no estudo de 28 casos de artrite reativa da Disciplina de Reumatologia. Foi realizado um levantamento a respeito da distribuiçäo da doença em relaçäo ao sexo, procedência, comprometimento articular e idade. O critério para o diagnóstico da enfermidade foi o de Doury, näo sendo incluído no trabal/o pacientes cujo diagnóstico estivesse sob suspeita