Detección de microorganismos anaerobios en pacientes con pericoronaritis y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos / Anaerobic microorganisms detection in patients with pericoronaritis and antimicrobial susceptibility

El propósito de este estudio fue la identificación de microorganismos anaerobios más frecuentemente encontrados en pericoronaritis y realizar pruebas de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Se estudiaron los sacos pericoronarios del tercer molar en 20 pacientes. De las muestras recogidas en los 20 pacientes que presentaron pericoronaritis, solo en 7 (35%) hubo crecimiento de microorganismos anaerobios estrictos mientras que en los 13 restantes (65%) no se detectaron estos. En cuanto a las 12 cepas aisladas del saco pericoronario de los 7 pacientes, el microorganismo más frecuentemente encontrado fue Bifidobacterium spp en 5 casos (42%), Bifidobacterium adolescentis en 2 casos (17%), Veillonella spp en dos casos también (17%), Prevotella melaninogenica en 1 caso (8%), 1 caso Prevotella loescheii (8%) y en 1 caso a Prevotella oralis (8%). De los resultados obtenidos las bacterias anaerobias estrictas detectadas a partir de muestras de sacos pericoronarios fueron: Bifidobacterium spp., B. adolescentis, Veillonella spp, P. loeschii, P. melaninogenica y P. oralis.

Study of the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine in dental unit water: evaluation of microbial contamination in the dental office / Estudo da capacidade antimicrobiana da clorexidina na água do equipamento odontológico: avaliação de contaminação microbiana em ambiente odontológico

Objective: The aim of this study to count anaerobic bacteria before and after the use of dental equipment and to study the influence of chlorhexidine on the dental unit reservoir water. Methods: Sterile swabs were used to collect bacterial samples from the cuspidor, lights, syringes, low-and high speed handpieces and dental chairs (arms and backrest) before and after the placement of barriers. Blood agar plates were placed on the patient's and dentist's forehead and by the patient's nose and shoulder and exposed to aerosoils without (group 1) and with 0,5% (group 2) and 1,0% (group 3) chlorhexidine generated by the high speed handpiece. Ten aerosol samples were collected for each group. A sample of 1mL of the dental unit reservoir water was collected before and after the use of the high speed handpiece. The anaerobic bacterial counts were compared by the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The contamination of the high speed handpiece (p=0,0431) and cuspidor (p=0,0117) increased significantly after use. Contamination in the dental unit reservoir water also increased significantly after use of the high speed handpiece. The most contaminated area was the patient's nose. Conclusion: The addition of 0,5% and 1,0% chlorhexidine in the dental office sifnificantly.

ObjetivoO objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar as bactérias anaeróbicas, antes e após o uso deequipamentos odontológicos e estudar a influência da clorexidina na água doreservatório.MétodosOs seguintes itens foram avaliados: cuspideira, luzes, seringas, baixa e alta rotação,braço da cadeira e do encosto com coleções realizadas antes e após a colocação debarreiras. A contaminação microbiana causada pelos aerossóis de alta rotação tambémfoi avaliada: Grupo 1 (controle): (100%) de água no reservatório; Grupo 2: água noreservatório contendo 0,5% de clorexidina, Grupo 3: água no reservatório contendo1,0% de clorexidina. Dez amostras de aerossol foram recolhidos a partir de cadagrupo: placas de ágar-sangue foram colocadas na testa do paciente e do dentista e nonariz e ombro do paciente. Amostra de 1mL a partir do conteúdo da água no reservatóriofoi medida antes e após a utilização de alta rotação. Comparações entre bactériasanaeróbias foram feitas com o uso de Wilcoxon e Kruskal-Wallis teste estatístico.ResultadosVerificou-se um aumento significativo na contaminação antes e após o procedimentoutilizando alta rotação (p=0,0431) e na cuspideira (p=0,0117). Foi possível observarum aumento significativo de contaminação microbiana na água do reservatório, apósa sua utilização. O nariz do paciente era a área mais afetada.ConclusãoA adição de 0,5% e 1,0% de clorexidina no reservatório representa uma reduçãosignificativa de contaminação microbiana gerado no ambiente de um consultório odontológico.

Influence of lingual bracket position on microbial and periodontal parameters in vivo

OBJECTIVE: Lingual orthodontics is becoming more popular in dental practice. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare plaque formation on teeth bonded with the same bracket onto buccal or lingual surface, with non-bonded control teeth, via an in vivo growth experiment over a 30-day period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with split-mouth design was set up enrolling 20 dental students. Within each subject sites with buccal and lingual brackets and control sites were followed. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth: PPD; bleeding on probing: BOP) were recorded at baseline and on days 1, 7 and 30. Microbiological samples were taken from the brackets and the teeth on days 1, 7 and 30 to detect colony-forming units (CFU). Total CFU, streptococci CFU and anaerobe CFU were measured. RESULTS: No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between buccal and lingual brackets in terms of clinical periodontal parameters and microbiological values. Conclusion: Bracket position does not have significant impact on bacterial load and on periodontal parameters.

Aislamiento de cepas anaeróbicas termófilas productoras de celulasa y hemicelulasas implicadas en la producción de Bioetanol mediante técnicas de cultivo y aislamiento tradicionales y no tradicionales / Isolation of thermophilic `anaerobic` strains productive of cellulase and hemicelulasas implied in the production of Bioetanol through techniques of traditional and nontraditional farming and isolation

Plantea sobre la problemática de los combustibles, su agotamiento y alto costo que incentiva a indagar la obtención de energías alternativas como el biogas, biodiesel y bioetanol, a partir de la hidrolisis de residuos agroindustriales, contribuyendo de esta manera a la biorremediación.

Actividad antimicrobiana de cementos a base de trióxidos minerales agregados / Antimicrobial activity of mineral trioxide aggregates-based cements

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar in vitro la actividad antimicrobiana de dos cementos a base de trióxidos minerales agregados MTA Pro-Root Gray (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, EE.UU.) y CPM (Cemento Portland Mejorado, Egeo, Argentina) en obturaciones retrógradas. Se utilizaron 32 dientes humanos unirradiculares extraídos y mantenidos en solución salina. El ápice fue resecado previa limpieza y conformación de los conductos. Se realizaron cavidades retrógradas de 3mm de profundidad que fueron obturadas con cada uno de los materiales. Las muestras se dividieron en dos grupos de doce dientes cada una y los ocho dientes restantes fueron considerados grupo control. Mediante curvas de sobrevivientes, a intervalos de 0,2, 4 y 24 horas se evaluó la actividad microbicida o inhibitoria frente a cuatro cepas de microoganismos. Los resultados obtenidos por curvas de desarrollo no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos.

Variation of a benthic heterotrophic bacteria community with different respiratory metabolisms in Coyuca de Benítez coastal lagoon (Guerrero, Mexico)

The fluctuations of the number, biomass and composition of the heterotrophic community were studied daily for two days, according to depth, pH, Eh, O2 and organic carbon concentration within a zone of the canal between the Coyuca de Benitez lagoon (Guerrero, Mexico) and the coastal waters. At the three moments of the day studied (6 am, 2 pm and 10 pm), the oxygen concentrations in the overlying water and in the superficial sediment layer were near air-saturation in the diurnal samplings (582 microM at 6 am and 665 microM at 2 pm), and sub-satured during the night (158 microM). In the sediments, the models of vertical distribution of Eh and organic carbon distributions were very irregular due to the bio-perturbation of the benthic, meio- and macrofauna, whose activity allows the superficial organic carbon to migrate towards sediment deeper layers. Vertical distribution of the different viable bacteria populations seems to be related to the hydrodynamic patterns of the communicating canal and sediments heterogeneity. In the sediment column, the heterotrophic bacteria total number varied from 6.8 to 20.3 x 108 cells cm(-3). The highest heterotrophic bacterial biomass values were encountered during the diurnal samplings (39.2 microgC.l(-1) at 6 am and 34.4 microgC.(l(-1) at 2 pm) and the lowest during the night (9.7 microgC.l(-1). The fluctuations of viable heterotrophic bacteria populations with different respiratory metabolisms (aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic) can be explained by the existence of suboxic microniches that appear when particles of sediment are resuspended due to the water circulation and the benthic infauna excavating activity, that allows the supernatant water oxygen to penetrate through its galleries towards deeper sediment zones. The statistical analysis (Multiple lineal regression model r2 > or = 0.5) showed that the on the whole, the hydrological parameters are not influence over the bacterial number and bacterial biomass...

Treatment of spent wash in anaerobic mesophilic suspended growth reactor (AMSGR).

Approximately 400 KL of spent wash or vinasse per annum is generated at an average COD concentration of 100,000 mg/l, by over 250 distilleries in India. There is an urgent need to develop, assess and use ecofriendly methods for the disposal of this high strength wastewater. Therefore, an attempt was made to investigate a few aspects of anaerobic digestion of spent wash collected from a distillery. The study was carried out in a 4 L laboratory scale anaerobic mesophilic suspended growth reactor. After the successful startup, the organic loading was increased stepwise to assess the performance of the reactor. During the study period, biogas generated was recorded and the maximum gas generated was found to be 16.9 L at an Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 38 g COD/L. A 500% increase in the Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentration (2150 mg/L) was observed, when the OLR was increased from 38 to 39 g COD/L. During the souring phase the removal of COD, Total Solids (TS) and Volatile Solids (VS) were in the order of 52%, 40% and 46% respectively. The methane content in the biogas varied from 65% to 75%.

Role of non-H2O2 producing lactobacilli and anaerobes in normal and complicated pregnancy.

Lactobacilli (Doederlein's bacilli) are the most important predominant protective agents of the vaginal microbial ecosystem and alteration in vaginal pH directly speculates the concentration of lactobacilli. Currently, recognition of anaerobic lactobacilli (non-H2O2 producing lactobacilli) had further raised its significance. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the role of non-H2O2 lactobacilli and its association with other anaerobes in 100 cases of complicated pregnancy, 75 cases of normal pregnancy and 35 cases in non-pregnant women. Vaginal and cervical swabs were obtained and were inoculated in special and suitable media. Anaerobic lactobacilli (non-H2O2 producing) were more common genital microbes in women of complicated pregnancy (56.0%) than in normal pregnancy (34.7%) and in control group (14.2%). Rate of recovery of non-H2O2 producing lactobacilli increased when pathogenic bacteria especially anaerobes dominate the genital microflora. Anaerobic lactobacilli were seen in higher numbers when they were associated with bacteroides sp and other anaerobes. They were significantly reduced when aerobes predominated in flora; the correlation have been discussed.

Microbial flora variations in the respiratory tract of mice

A stable microbial system in the respiratory tract acts as an important defense mechanism against pathogenic microorganisms. Perturbations in this system may allow pathogens to establish. In an ecological environment such as the respiratory tract, there are many diverse factors that play a role in the establishment of the indigenous flora. In the present work we studied the normal microbial flora of different areas of the respiratory tract of mice and their evolution from the time the mice were born. Our interest was to know which were the dominant groups of microorganisms in each area, which were the first capable of colonizing and which dominated over time to be used as probiotic microorganisms. Our results show that Gram negative facultatively anaerobic bacilli and strict anaerobic microorganisms were the last ones to appear in the bronchia, while aerobic and Gram positive cocci were present in all the areas of the respiratory tract. The number of facultative aerobes and strict anaerobes were similar in the nasal passage, pharynx instilled and trachea, but lower in bronchia. The dominant species were Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, followed by S. epidermidis, Lactobacilli and S. cohnii I which were present on every studied days but at different proportions. This paper is the first part of a research topic investigating the protective effect of the indigenous flora against pathogens using the mice as an experimental model.

El efecto de los bloqueadores H2 en la flora bacteriana gástrica / Effect of H2 hisamine antagonists on gastric bacterial flora

El objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar, si hay crecimiento bacteriano y qué bacterias se encuentran en el estómago, después de la administración de bloqueadores H2, a diferentes dosis. Se formaron cuatro grupos de 10 pacientes cada uno en forma aleatoria en un estudio prospectivo, experimental, transverasal, comparativo y abierto. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 50 años, sin antecedentes de enfermedad úlcero-péptica, y que fueron sometidos a cirugía electiva (colecistectomía), el grupo IV se formó con pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, a los cuales se les administró bloqueadores H2 como parte de su terapéutica, y con diagnóstico de sepsis severa. El grupo I se tomó como control, a los grupos II y III se les administró cimetidina a dosis de 200 mg y 40 mg respectivamente, por vía endovenosa, 8 y 2 horas previas a la cirugía. A todos los grupos se les tomó muestra de jugo gástrico. Para determinar pH, y realizar cultivo del mismo para gérmenes aerobios. El grupo I presentó desarrollo en el 20 por ciento de casos con pH medio de 2.1; los grupos II y III desarrollaron gérmenes en el 100 por ciento de casos y pH promedio de 7.1 y 7.2 respectivamente, el grupo IV desarrolló gérmenes en el 70 por ciento de casos y pH promedio 3.4. A partir de un pH de 4 se observa mayor crecimiento bacteriano. El análisis estadístico fue la t de Student la cual mostró r=0.4 y P=< 0.05. Se puede concluir que los bloqueadores H2, a dosis terapéuticas elevan el pH gástrico en el paciente sano, no así en el paciente séptico. Este incremento produce desarrollo bacteriano tanto de gérmenes aerobios como anaerobios. En este estudio, la administración de bloqueadores H2 en pacientes que se operaron en forma electiva, no produjo sepsis postoperatoria. La administración de antibióticos en el paciente grave no reduce el crecimiento bacteriano gástrico aerobio, sí el anaerobio

Anaerobic bacteraemia: a review of 17 cases.

Of 93 blood cultures received with a suspicion of anaerobic bacteraemia over a period of two years, only 17 (18.3%) showed anaerobic growth. Twelve grew anaerobes alone while five had a polymicrobial flora. Seven of these patients (4.3%) had pre-existing heart disease while others had history of prior surgery, diabetes mellitus or urinary tract infection. Oropharynx was the commonest portal of entry, followed by gastrointestinal tract. The anaerobes isolated were anaerobic streptococci, Bacteroides fragilis group and Bilophila and Eubacterium species. Fifteen patients developed major complications such as congestive cardiac failure, systemic embolisation, and perforative peritonitis. The mortality rate among the cases with anaerobic bacteraemia was 23.5% in this study.

Síndrome do supercrescimento bacteriano no intestino delgado no megajejuno chagásico: relato de dois casos / Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome in chagasic megajejunum: report of 2 cases

Säo relatados dois casos da doença de Chagas, com megacólon, que se apresentaram clinicamente com diarréia crônica. Um dos casos apresentou também evidências de má-absorçäo, como esteatorréia e hipocalcemia. O exame radiológico contrastado do intestino delgado revelou considerável dilataçäo do jejuno nos dois casos, sendo que em um deles, havia megaduodeno associado. Em ambos, o estudo manométrico da motilidade gastrointestinal mostrou complexo motor migrante interdigestivo, de duraçäo excessivamente prolongada e com velocidade de propagaçäo anormalmente baixa. Nos dois casos a cultura do aspirado jejunal revelou o crescimento de germes aneróbios estritos. O tratamento com antibióticos por via oral associou-se à substancial melhora clínica. Os dois casos aqui relatados indicam que manifestaçöes atribuíveis a supercrescimento bacteriano no intestino delgado, possivelmente causado por distúrbios motores do jejuno dilatado, podem fazer parte do quadro clínico da forma digestiva da doença de Chagas