Chest infection in kidney graft recipients

To estimate the incidence of chest infections in renal allograft recipients, the mortality of lung infections, the incidence of Tuberculosis, its common presenting features, and determine significant risk factors for such infections. Over an eighteen month period [January 2001 to July 2002], 100 kidney graft recipients were checked for any past or present history of chest infection. All the recipients acquired their graft from living related or unrelated donors. The study was conducted in Al-Shaheed Adnan Hospital Centre for kidney disease and transplantations in Medical city, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospital. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi square test and Yate's correction wherever needed. A P value of less than 0. 05 was taken as significant. Bacterial pneumonia was the commonest pulmonary infection [n=13, 32.5%] followed by the probable acute viral bronchitis [n=10, 25%], pulmonary tuberculosis [n, 22.5%] and fungal infection in five [n=5, 12.5%], nocardiosis in two and candidacies in three recipients. The mortality from chest infections including pulmonary tuberculosis in renal allograft recipients was seven [17.5%] recipients. Pulmonary tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of infections causing fever of unknown origin in the renal transplant patients, especially in endemic areas. Leucopenia and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors for serious pulmonary infections Unrelated donor is also a risk factor for serious post renal transplant recipient pulmonary infections including tuberculosis which presents with high grade intermittent fever

Laringotraqueobronquitis en niños hospitalizados: características clínicas / Laryngotracheobronchitis in hospitalized children: clinical features

Introducción: Laringotraqueobronquitis (LTB) es una condición frecuente en niños, con escasos estudios publicados en la literatura nacional. Objetivo: Caracterizar los episodios de LTB en nuestra institución. Método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo del 2001 al 2003. Resultados: 68 pacientes sufrieron 72 episodios de LTB. La edad promedio fue 16,5 meses, 62 por ciento eran varones. La mayoría de los ingresos ocurrieron en otoño (65 por ciento). El número de días promedio de síntomas previo al ingreso fue 2, siendo los más frecuentes estridor (85 por ciento), tos seca (78 por ciento) y fiebre (72 por ciento). La estadía promedio duró 1 día. Se identificó virus Parainfluenza en 12 de 23 inmunofluorescencias. La terapia incluyó adrenalina (100 por ciento), corticoides (96 por ciento), oxígeno (15 por ciento), salbutamol (11 por ciento) y antibióticos (11 por ciento). Las complicaciones fueron neumonía (3 por ciento) y traqueitis bacteriana (2 por ciento). Conclusión: En nuestra serie, LTB fue más frecuente en varones y menores de 2 años, con clara estacionalidad, estadías hospitalarias cortas y un bajo riesgo de complicaciones.

Clinical characteristics of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Seoul, 1996-1998

This study was performed to investigate the etiologic agents, age distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. We confirmed viral etiologies using nasopharyngeal aspirates in 237 patients of the ages of 15 years or younger who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) from March 1996 to February 1998 at Samsung Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The overall isolation rate was 22.1%. The viral pathogens identified were adenovirus (12.7%), influenza virus type A (21.1%), -type B (13.9%), parainfluenza virus type 1 (13.5%), -type 2 (1.3%), -type 3 (16.0%) and respiratory syncytial virus (21.5%). The occurrence of ALRIs was highest in the first year of life, although parainfluenza virus type 1 infection occurred predominantly in the second year of life and influenza virus caused illnesses in all age groups. The specific viruses are frequently associated with specific clinical syndromes of ALRI. The respiratory agents and associated syndromes frequently have characteristic seasonal patterns. This study will help us to estimate the etiologic agents of ALRI, and establish a program for the prevention and treatment. An annual nationwide survey is necessary to understand the viral epidemiology associated with respiratory illnesses in Korea.

Etiologia viral en afecciones broncopulmonares agudas y recidivantes de la infancia / Viral etiology in acute bronchopulmonary and recidivant diseases in childhood

Se estudiaron 289 casos clínicos diagnosticados como: bronquiolitis, bronquitis obstructiva recidivante y neumonitis durante los años 1974 y desde 1978 hasta 1982 inclusive. La edad se distribuyó desde 1 mes a preescolares y todos fueron casos hospitalizados. Los casos de bronquiolitis se encontraron en el grupo menor de 6 meses; las bronquitis obstructivas recidivantes predominaron en el grupo de 6-11 meses y las neumonitis en los dos grupos menores de 1 año de edad. Se estudiaron los sueros pareados, agudo y convalesciente de dichos casos, reacciones de microtécnica de inhibición de la hemaglutinación y fijación de complemento para una batería de antígenos virales respiratorios y M. Pneumoniae. En 141 casos se obtuvo un alza diagnóstica destacando como agente principal el VRS, en los 3 diagnósticos estudiados, seguido de parainfluenza y virus influenza A y B. En menor grado se encontraron casos de adenovirus y de M. pneumoniae