Aspergillosis pulmonar / Pulmonary aspergillosis

RESUMEN Se presenta a una paciente de 50 años de edad, atendida durante 2 años por Consulta de Neumología, en la ciudad de Matanzas. Presentaba bronquitis crónica con tratamiento para la misma, hace 3 meses ingresa por Servicio de Medicina Interna por una neumonía de lenta resolución, asociada un síndrome general. Durante el ingreso se manejan varias posibilidades diagnósticas como: posible tuberculosis pulmonar, neoplasia de pulmón o neumonía a gérmenes atípicos. Se confirmó diagnóstico de aspergilosis pulmonar mediante lavado bronquial por broncoscopio. Se aplicó tratamiento con antifúngicos sistémicos y se logró mejoría clínica y radiológica. En esta paciente no existían evidencias de inmunosupresión (AU).

ABSTRACT We present a female patient aged 50 years, attended for two years in the Pulmonology consultation, in the city of Matanzas. She suffered chronic bronchitis with treatment; three months ago she was admitted in the Internal Medicine Service due to a low resolution pneumonia associated to a general syndrome. During her staying in the hospital several diagnostic possibilities were managed: possible pulmonary tuberculosis, lung neoplasia or pneumonia to atypical germs. The diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis was confirmed through bronchial lavage `per bronchoscope. no existían evidencias de inmunosupresión. The pronosis is Lung Aspergilosis due to a bronchial washing for bronchoscopy and the treatment begins with systemic antifúngicos, achieving clinical and radiological improvement. There is no evidence of inmunosupression in the patient (AU).

Evaluation of atopy in patients with COPD / Avaliação de atopia em portadores de DPOC

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of atopy and to evaluate clinical, laboratory, and radiological profiles in patients with COPD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients with stable COPD (defined by the clinical history and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 70% of the predicted value). The patients completed a questionnaire regarding clinical characteristics and atopy, after which they underwent nasal lavage cytology, skin prick testing, chest X-rays, arterial blood gas analyses, and determination of total serum IgE. RESULTS: Of the 149 subjects studied, 53 (35.6%), 49 (32.8%), and 88 (59.1%) presented with nasal eosinophilia, a positive skin prick test result, and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, respectively. Correspondence analysis confirmed these findings, showing two distinct patterns of disease expression: atopy in patients with COPD that was less severe; and no evidence of atopy in those with COPD that was more severe (reduced FEV1 and hyperinflation). There was a statistically significant association between nasal eosinophilia and a positive bronchodilator response. CONCLUSIONS: Using simple and reproducible methods, we were able to show that there is a high frequency of atopy in patients with COPD. Monitoring inflammation in the upper airways can be a useful tool for evaluating respiratory diseases in the elderly and in those with concomitant asthma and COPD, a clinical entity not yet fully understood. .

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de atopia e avaliar o perfil clínico, laboratorial e radiológico de pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com pacientes ambulatoriais portadores de DPOC estável (definida pela história clínica e relação VEF1/CVF < 70% do previsto após broncodilatador). Os pacientes responderam um questionário clínico e de atopia e foram submetidos a citologia de lavado nasal, teste cutâneo de alergia, radiografia de tórax, hemogasometria arterial e dosagem de IgE total. RESULTADOS: Dos 149 indivíduos avaliados, 53 (35,6%), 49 (32,8%) e 88 (59,1%), respectivamente, apresentavam eosinofilia no lavado nasal, teste cutâneo positivo e sintomas de rinite alérgica. A análise de correspondência confirmou esses achados, evidenciando dois perfis distintos de doença: a presença de atopia em pacientes com estágios mais leves de DPOC, e a ausência de características de atopia em pacientes com aspectos de doença mais grave (VEF1 reduzido e hiperinsuflação). Houve uma associação estatisticamente significante entre eosinofilia no lavado nasal e prova farmacodinâmica positiva. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo identificou uma alta frequência de atopia em pacientes com DPOC, utilizando ferramentas simples e reprodutíveis. A monitorização inflamatória de vias aéreas parece ser uma ferramenta útil para avaliar as doenças respiratórias em idosos, assim como em pacientes com sobreposição de asma e DPOC, entidade clínica ainda pouco compreendida. .

Fibrosis quística en el adulto: reporte de un caso / Cystic fibrosis in the adult: a case report

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 31 años de edad que fue remitido al cuerpo de guardia desde su área de salud por presentar fiebre de hasta 38,5ºC acompañada de escalofríos, tos con abundante expectoración purulenta y gran toma del estado general, con antecedentes personales de enfermedades inflamatorias bronquiales desde la niñez que condujeron a un retraso pondo estatural, desnutrición proteico energética y lo llevó a lo largo de los años a una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y a múltiples ingresos, por lo que requirió peritaje médico laboral. Durante su estancia en el centro comenzó a presentar deposiciones diarreicas abundantes en cantidad, amarillentas, que flotaban y con alto contenido graso, sugestivas de mala absorción intestinal, se realizó estudio del paciente que arrojó fibrosis quística. A los tres meses aproximadamente regresó con proceso infeccioso respiratorio bajo que le produjo la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y falleció por tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo, se corrobora por anatomía patológica como causa básica la FQ. Se presenta el caso por lo infrecuente que resulta a los treinta años sin un tratamiento médico adecuado y mucho más inusual es el diagnóstico tardío a esas edades; la afectación del sistema respiratorio resultó el único estigma de la enfermedad durante toda su vida y las manifestaciones digestivas aparecieron tardíamente.

The case of a 31-year-old patient is presented who was referred to the emergency room from his health area by presenting fever up to 38,5ºC accompanied by chills, cough with abundant purulent expectoration and general malaise, with personal antecedents of bronchial inflammatory deseases since the childhood that conducted him to a pondostatural retardation, energy protean denutrition and carried him throughout years to a chronic obstructive pulmonary desease and to multiple admittings, who required an early labor medical retirement. During his stay in the center began to present abundant diarrheal bowel movements, yellowish, that floated and with highly fatty contents, suggestive of bad intestinal absorption, the study of the patient was conducted that showed cystic fibrosis. To the three months approximately returned with low respiratory infectious process that cause to him acute respiratory insufficiency and passed away for massive pulmonary thromboembolism, is corroborated for pathological anatomy as basic cause the FQ. The case is presented by the infrequent it results at the age of thirty years without an adequate medical treatment and much more unusual is the late diagnosis to those ages; the affectation of the respiratory system resulted the only stigma of the desease during all his life and the digestive demonstrations late appeared.