Serum evaluation of leptin, IL-6, IGF-1 and estrogen in obese bitches with early stages of mammary carcinoma / Avaliação sérica de leptina, IL-6, IGF-1 e estrógeno em cadelas com excesso de peso e portadoras de carcinomas mamários em estágio inicial

The aim of this study was to relate the serum concentration IL-6, IGF-1, leptin and estrogen in non-castrated bitches with or without overweight and early stage mammary carcinomas. Forty-three bitches were divided into four groups, two groups without mammary carcinomas with and without overweight, and two groups with mammary carcinomas with and without overweight. Overweight bitches, with or without mammary carcinomas, were statistically different from bitches by ideal weight, in relation to ECC, IMCC and body fat percentages (P< 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between ECC and IMCC (P< 0.0001), ECC and % GC (P< 0.0001), and IMCC and % GC (P< 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between serum leptin and IL-6 (P= 0.0451) and leptin and IGF-1 (P= 0.05). A positive correlation (P= 0.0053) between ECC and leptin was found in the analysis of body evaluation methods and serum concentrations, and a negative correlation between ECC and IL-6 (P= 0.0435). Among the fat percentage and the leptin concentration, there was a positive correlation (P= 0.0016), as found between the IMCC and leptin (P= 0, 0209). In this study, no association was observed between excessive weight and the presence of early stage mammary carcinomas.(AU)

Este estudo teve por objetivo relacionar a concentração sérica de IL-6, IGF-1, leptina e estrógeno, em cadelas não castradas com ou sem excesso de peso, e carcinomas mamários em estágio inicial. Quarenta e três cadelas foram divididas em quatro grupos, sendo dois de cadelas sem carcinomas mamários, com e sem excesso de peso, e dois de cadelas com carcinomas mamários, com e sem excesso de peso. Cadelas com excesso de peso, com ou sem carcinomas mamários, foram estatisticamente diferentes de cadelas em peso ideal, em relação às avaliações corporais de ECC, IMCC e percentual de gordura corpórea (P<0,0001). Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre ECC e IMCC (P<0,0001), ECC e %GC (P<0,0001), e IMCC e %GC (P<0,0001). As análises de estrógeno, leptina, IL-6 e IGF-1 não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. Demonstrou-se correlação positiva entre as concentrações séricas de leptina e IL-6 (P=0,0451) e leptina e IGF-1 (P=0,05). Encontrou-se correlação positiva entre ECC e leptina (P=0,0053) e negativa entre ECC e IL-6 (P=0,0435). Entre o percentual de gordura e leptina encontrou-se correlação positiva (P=0,0016), assim como entre IMCC e leptina (P=0,0209). Neste estudo, não se observou associação entre excesso de peso e a presença de carcinomas mamários em estadio inicial.(AU)

Efeito do tipo de alimentação de cães saudáveis sobre análises clínicas e aspectos comportamentais / Effect of the diet of healthy dogs on clinical analysis and behavioral aspects

Objetivou-se estudar o efeito da alimentação caseira, da ração comercial a granel e da ração comercial fechada para cães adultos sobre análises clínicas e aspectos comportamentais de ingestão das dietas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos, sendo o tratamento 1 constituído de dieta caseira, o tratamento 2 por ração a granel tipo premium, e o tratamento 3 por ração comercial fechada do tipo premium. Foram utilizados três cães em cada um dos tratamentos, totalizando nove animais. As variáveis analisadas foram: teste de glicemia, odor fecal, escore fecal, volume fecal, análise química da urina (pH urinário, presença de proteína, sangue, corpos cetônicos, bilirrubina e glicose), avaliação visual do pelo e consumo voluntário da dieta. Os cães submetidos à dieta caseira apresentaram menor resultado de glicemia sanguínea (83,90). A urina apresentou pH mais alcalino para cães que receberam a ração a granel (8,06). Cães da dieta caseira apresentaram o mais alto escore para a qualidade do pelo. Houve um maior volume das fezes de cães que receberam a dieta de ração a granel. Cães que receberam a dieta de alimentação caseira ou a ração comercial fechada apresentaram um consumo total do alimento em menos de 10 minutos. A maioria dos resultados foi semelhante entre a dieta caseira e a ração fechada do tipo premium. A ração a granel apresentou os piores resultados.(AU)

The objective of this study was to study the effect of homemade feed, commercial feed in bulk, and closed commercial feed for adult dogs on clinical analysis and behavioral aspects of diet intake. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments: homemade diet, bulk premium type feed, and closed commercial feed of the premium type. Three dogs were observed in each of the treatments, totaling nine animals. The variables analyzed were: blood glycemia, fecal odor, fecal score, fecal volume, chemical urine analysis (urinary pH, presence of protein, blood, ketone bodies, bilirubin and glucose), visual evaluation of hair and voluntary dietary intake. Dogs submitted to a home diet showed lower blood glucose results (83.90). Urine was more alkaline pH for dogs that received the bulk feed (8.06). Dogs from the homemade feed presented the highest score for hair quality. There was a greater volume of feces from dogs that received the diet of bulk feed. Dogs that received the diet of home feed or closed commercial feed showed a total consumption of food in less than ten minutes. Most of the results were similar between the homemade feed and the closed-type premium diet. The dogs bulk feed presented the worst results.(AU)

Early parenteral nutrition in enterectomized dogs / Nutrição parenteral precoce em cães submetidos à enterectomia

The aim of this study was to explore the role of early central parenteral nutrition support with and without lipid emulsion in enterectomized dogs undergoing small bowel partial resection. Enterectomized dogs often cannot be fed properly via an oral or enteral route immediately post-surgery. After enterectomy, the animals received parenteral nutrition or crystalloid solution until they were able to voluntarily take in an oral diet. All dogs were recruited at the University of Sao Paulo veterinary teaching hospital. Eighteen dogs with intussusception, a foreign intestinal body, linear foreign intestinal body, or intussusception associated with a foreign intestinal body underwent enterectomy surgery and were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: crystalloid solution (CS group), parenteral nutrition with a mix of glucose and amino acids (GA group) or parenteral nutrition with a mix of glucose, amino acids and lipids (GAL group). A serum chemistry panel and complete blood count were collected prior to surgery and at the end of the study. Albumin increased in the GA and GAL group (p=0.042 and p=0.038 respectively) after hospitalization, but no significant differences were identified among the groups. Body weight decreased by 4.9% (p=0.042) in the CS group, but there were no significant changes in the GAL and GA groups. There was a significant decrease in the recovery scores in the GA and GAL groups during hospitalization (p=0.039 in both groups). Early parenteral nutrition was beneficial for patient recovery in post-surgical small bowel partial resection, indicating better quality, and no major complications or side effects were observed during the hospitalization period in the studied dogs.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo era estudar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral central precoce com e sem emulsão lipídica em cães submetidos à ressecção parcial do intestino delgado. Os cães enterectomizados frequentemente não conseguem ser adequadamente alimentados por via oral ou enteral no pós-cirúrgico imediato. Após a enterectomia, os animais receberam nutrição parenteral ou solução cristaloide até o momento em que fossem capazes de alimentar-se voluntariamente por via oral. Todos os animais foram selecionados no hospital veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo. Dezoito cães diagnosticados com intussuscepção, corpo estranho intestinal, corpo estranho linear ou intussuscepção associada com corpo estranho intestinal foram submetidos à enterectomia e aleatoriamente alocados para receber um dos três tratamentos: solução cristaloide (grupo CS), nutrição parenteral com mistura de glicose e aminoácidos (grupo GA) ou nutrição parental com mistura de glicose e lipídios (grupo GAL). Hemograma e bioquímica sérica foram coletados antes da cirurgia e no final do estudo. Houve aumento de albumina no grupo GA e GAL (p=0,042 e p=0,038 respectivamente) após a hospitalização, mas não houve diferença significativa entre grupos. O peso corpóreo diminuiu cerca de 4,9% (p=0,042) no grupo CS mas não houve alterações significativas no grupo GAL e GA. Houve uma diminuição significativa no escore de recuperação no grupo GA e GAL durante a hospitalização (p=0,039 em ambos os grupos). A nutrição parenteral precoce mostrou-se benéfica para a recuperação no pós-operatório dos cães submetidos à ressecção parcial do intestino delgado, sinalizando uma melhora na qualidade da recuperação e ausência de grandes complicações ou efeitos colaterais durante o período de hospitalização dos animais estudados.(AU)

Expressão da glicoproteína-P, proteína associada à múltiplas drogas, glutationa-S-transferase pi e p53 no tumor venéreo transmissível canino / Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein, glutathione-S-transferase pi and p53 in canine transmissible venereal tumor

The overexpression of proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), mutant p53, and the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GSTpi) are related to resistance to chemotherapy in neoplasms. This study evaluated the expression of these markers by immunohistochemistry in two groups of canine TVT, without history of prior chemotherapy (TVT1, n=9) and in TVTs presented unsatisfactory clinical response to vincristine sulfate (TVT2, n=5). The percentage of specimens positively stained for P-gp, MRP1, GSTpi and p53 were, respectively 88.8%, 0%, 44.5% and 22.2% in TVT1 and 80%, 0%, 80% and 0% in TVT2. In TVT1, one specimen presented positive expression for three markers and four specimens for two markers. In TVT2, three specimens expressed P-gp and GSTpi. In conclusion, the canine TVTs studied expressed the four markers evaluated, but just P-gp and GSTpi were significantly expressed, mainly at cytoplasm and cytoplasm and nuclei, respectively, either before chemotherapy as after vincristine sulfate exposure. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the function of these two markers in conferring multidrug resistance (MDR) or predict the response to chemotherapy in canine TVT.

A superexpressão das proteínas glicoproteína-P (Gp-P), proteína associada à resistência à múltiplas drogas 1 (MRP1) e p53 mutante e a enzima glutationa-S-transferase pi (GSTpi) está relacionada com resistência à quimioterapia em neoplasias humanas e caninas. Este estudo avaliou a expressão, por meio da imuno-histoquímica desses marcadores em espécimes de TVT caninos sem histórico de quimioterapia prévia (TVT1, n=9) e em TVT caninos que apresentaram resposta clínica insatisfatória ao sulfato de vincristina (TVT2, n=5). A porcentagem de espécimes positivos para Gp-P, MRP1, GSTpi e p53 foram, respectivamente 88,8%, 0%, 44,5% e 22,2% no grupo TVT1 e 80%, 0%, 80% e 0% no grupo TVT2. No TVT1, um espécime apresentou expressão positiva para três marcadores e quatro para dois marcadores. No TVT2, três espécimes expressaram a Gp-P e GSTpi. Em conclusão, os TVTs caninos estudados expressaram os quatro marcadores avaliados, no entanto apenas a Gp-P e GSTpi foram significativamente expressas, principalmente no citoplasmas e no citoplasma e no núcleo, respectivamente, tanto antes da quimioterapia quanto após à exposição ao sulfato de vincristina. Estudos futuros são necessários para demonstrar a função desses dois marcadores em conferir resistência à multiplas drogas (RMD) ou predizer a resposta a quimioterapia no TVT canino.

Ultrassonografia Doppler na avaliação renal de cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra antes e após tratamento com ovariosalpingohisterectomia / Doppler ultrasonography in the renal evaluation of bitches diagnosed with pyometra before and after treatment with ovariohysterectomy

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a hemodinâmica renal de cadelas com piometra por meio de exames laboratoriais, ultrassonografia Modo B e Doppler, antes e após o tratamento cirúrgico com ovariosanpigohisterectomia (OSH). Foram utilizadas 30 cadelas com diagnóstico de piometra, todas foram submetidas a OSH (momento 1) e 20 foram reavaliadas sete dias após a cirurgia (momento 2). A perfusão renal, o índice de resistividade da artéria renal principal e de cada artéria interlobar (cranial, média e caudal) foi estatisticamente diferente entre os momentos 1 e 2 (p<0,05). Não foi observada diferença estatística para a perfusão renal entre o rim direito e esquerdo no momento 1 e 2. As correlações entre o índice de resistividade da artéria renal principal e as variáveis utilizadas para verificar a função renal foram estabelecidas no momento 1. Para as variáveis correlacionadas ureia, creatinina, proteinúria, relação GGT/creatinina e proteína/creatinina ocorreram associações curvilíneas e positivas com o índice de resistividade da artéria renal principal (p<0,05), no entanto essas correlações foram consideradas de média e fracas. Ao comparar o IR da artéria renal principal com diferentes escores de desidratação e perfusão renal, este foi estatisticamente diferente, e demonstrou aumento da resistência renal em cadelas com moderada redução da perfusão renal, assim como em cadelas desidratadas. Foram avaliadas diversas características de morfologia renal na ultrassonografia Modo B, no entanto, somente as variáveis presença de dilatação de pelve, sinal da medular e outras alterações como áreas de infartos e pontos hiperecogênicos difusos na cortical e medular renal foram estatisticamente distintas de um momento para o outro, com maior frequência no momento 2. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstram que a ultrassonografia Doppler pode identificar alterações de redução na perfusão renal, por meio do Doppler colorido e o aumento do índice de resistividade das artérias renais em cadelas com piometra. Assim como, a ultrassonografia modo B, embora apresente alterações inespecíficas, pode detectar alterações renais progressivas em cadelas com piometra.

The aim of this study was evaluate the renal hemodynamics of bitches with pyometra by means of laboratory tests, ultrasound B mode and Doppler, before and after treatment with ovariohysterectomy (OSH). This study evaluated 30 bitches with pyometra, all were subjected to OSH (moment 1) and 20 were evaluated after 7 days (moment 2). The renal perfusion, the resistivity index (RI) of the main renal artery and the interlobar arteries (cranial, middle and caudal) were statistically different between times 1 and 2 (p<0,05). There was no statistical difference for renal perfusion between the left and the right kidney at the time 1 and 2. The correlations between the IR of the main artery and the variables used to determine renal function were stablished at the time 1. For the correlated variables: urea, creatinine, proteinuria, ratio GGT/creatinine and protein/creatinine were curvilinear and positive associations with the resistivity index of the main renal artery (p<0,05), however these correlations were considered medium and weak. Comparing the RI of the main renal artery with different scores of dehydration and renal perfusion, there was statistical difference, and show increased of resistance renal in bitches with moderate reduction in renal perfusion as well as in dehydrated bitches. Were evaluated several features of renal morphology in ultrasound B mode, however, only the presence of pelvic dilatation, medullary signal and other changes as infarcts areas and diffuse hyperechoic spots in the renal cortical and medullary were statistically different from one moment to the other, most frequently at the time 2. The results of this study show that the Doppler ultrasound can identify changes of reduction in renal perfusion by color Doppler and the increasing of the resistivity index of the renal arteries in some bitches with pyometra. As well as, the ultrasound B mode, although has non-specific changes, can detect progressive renal disorders in bitches with pyometra.

Sonographic assessment of vessel invasion by cervical masses in dogs / Avaliação ultrassonográfica da invasão vascular por massas cervicais em cães

Tumor invasion of the vessels displays both therapeutic and prognostic implications and represents a challenge for head and neck surgeons. Although previous research has shown that ultrasound can detect such invasions, accurate sonographic parameters to do so have not yet been established. We sought to determine sonographic criteria which are able to characterize these invasions. A high-resolution transducer was used to perform ultrasound examinations of 15 patients selected from a group with inconclusive radiography and computed tomography diagnosis. We found that encasement of the vessel, tumor immobility or fixation in the vessel wall, and narrowing and/or deformity of the lumen were the best criteria. Indeed, when loss of hyperechoic interface of the vessel wall was used as a single criterion it generated false positive results. This study shows that a combination of parameters can be used to provide the best sensitivity and specificity values to produce conclusive diagnosis of vessel invasion by tumors in the cervical region.

Determinaram-se critérios ultrassonográficos capazes de caracterizar a invasão vascular por tumores em cães. Utilizaram-se transdutores de alta resolução para os exames ultrassonográficos realizados em 15 pacientes, selecionados de um grupo submetido previamente à radiografia e tomografia computadorizada, com resultados inconclusivos. Os melhores critérios encontrados foram: encarceramento do vaso, imobilidade do tumor ou aderência na parede vascular e estreitamento ou deformidade luminal. A perda de definição da interface hiperecoica da parede vascular quando foi usada como critério isolado produziu resultados falso positivos. O estudo demonstrou que uma combinação de parâmetros pode ser usada para aumentar a sensibilidade e especificidade diagnóstica, produzindo diagnósticos mais conclusivos e precisos pra definir a invasão vascular por tumores na região cervical ventral.

Tissue distribution of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs

Reports of influenza A virus infections in dogs has received considerable attention from veterinarians, virologists, and epidemiologists. Interaction between influenza viral hemagglutinin and cell oligosaccharides containing sialic acid residues results in infection. Sialic acids have an alpha-2,3-linkage to the penultimate galactose in the avian influenza virus receptor and an alpha-2,6-linkage in the human receptor. To date, there are no detailed data on the tissue distribution or histological features of either type of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs, which are common laboratory animals and pets. We conducted the current study to visualize the in situ tissue distribution of both sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in various organs of beagle dogs using Maackia amurensis lectin II and Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Both alpha-2,3- and alpha-2,6-sialic acid-linked receptors were detected in the endothelial cells of the respiratory tract and other organs. Endothelial cells of most gastrointestinal organs were negative for alpha-2,3-sialic acid-linked receptors in the dogs. Our results suggested that these canine organs may be affected by influenza virus infection. The findings from our study will also help evaluate the occurrence and development of influenza virus infections in dogs.

Monitoração e avaliação clínica da eficácia da transfusão de sangue total e concentrado de hemácias em cães / Monitoring and evaluation of the efficacy of whole blood and packed red cells transfusion in dogs

A terapia transfusional tem grande potencial de salvar vidas na clínica de pequenos animais, e é usada principalmente na terapêutica de emergência em animais anêmicos, entretanto este procedimento está associado a vários riscos. Uma das formas de minimizá-los é pela monitoração constante durante a transfusão sanguínea, permitindo assim avaliar a melhora clínica do paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da transfusão de sangue total e de concentrado de hemácias em cães anêmicos, por meio da monitoração dos parâmetros vitais. Foram avaliadas 77 transfusões em cães, sendo 52 de sangue total armazenado e 25 de concentrado de hemácias. Durante todo o procedimento aferiu-se (a cada 15-30 minutos) a temperatura, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e a coloração de mucosas dos pacientes, além do tempo de preenchimento capilar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ambos os componentes promoveram melhora dos parâmetros avaliados a partir de 45 minutos do início da transfusão sanguínea, principalmente da frequência cardíaca, coloração de mucosas e tempo de preenchimento capilar (p<0,05). A transfusão bem sucedida proporcionou melhora clínica aparente a partir de duas horas do início do procedimento.

Transfusion therapy has a great potential to save lives in small animals practice, and it has been used mainly in the emergency treatment for anemic animals, although this procedure is related to certain risks. A manner to minimize these risks is through keeping close monitoring during the time of transfusion, which furthermore allows an evaluation of recovering of the patient. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of whole blood and packed red cells transfusions in anemic dogs. Seventy-seven transfusions in dogs have been done, 52 of whole blood and 25 of packed red cells, measuring (every 15-30 minutes) temperature, cardiac and breathing frequency, mucous tissue color and capillaries filling time throughout the procedure. The outcome shows that both compounds, may cause improvements to every assessed parameters 45 minutes from the start of the transfusion mainly to cardiac frequency, mucous tissue color and capillaries filling time (p<0.05). The success of a transfusion ensures apparent clinical improvement from two hours of the onset of the procedure.

Molecular cloning of the cDNA of canine homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2

The research of p53 is being conducted to find the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to treat various cancers. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase2 (HIPK2) is an important factor to regulate p53 and to increase the stability of p53. Activation of HIPK2 leads to the selective phosphorylation of p53, resulting in growth arrest and the enhancement of apoptosis. In this study, the canine HIPK2 cDNA fragments were obtained, and their overlapping regions were aligned to give a total sequence of 3489 bp. The canine HIPK2 cDNA (GenBank accession number; AY800385) shares 93% and 90% sequence identity with those of human and mouse HIPK2, respectively. The canine HIPK2 cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 1163 amino acid residues and the predicted amino acid sequence has 98% and 96% identity with those of human and mouse, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine HIPK2 has also all domains' sites compared with human and mouse HIPK2. Therefore, these structural similarities suggested that the canine HIPK2 shares the basic biological functions that HIPK2 exhibit in other species.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane and Cardiovascular System in Isoflurane Anesthetized Dogs

The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and on the cardiovascular system were evaluated with dogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Eight healthy male beagles were randomly assigned to six study groups (five heads/group) with washout intervals of 7 ~ 31 days between experiments for recovery and anesthetic clearance. MAC of isoflurane and cardiovascular parameters were determined after EA at nonacupoint and and at acupoints LI-4, SP-6, ST-36 and TH-8. Electroacupuncture for 30 minutes at LI-4, SP-6, ST-36 and TH-8 acupoints lowered the MAC of isoflurane by 17.5 +/- 3.1%, 21.3 +/- 8.0%, 20.5 +/- 8.2% and 15.6 +/- 3.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, electrical stimulation of nonacupoint did not induce a significant change in MAC of isoflurane. In the cardiovascular system, the ST-36 group did not induce any significant change in cardiovascular parameters. In the TH-8 group, the mean and diastolic arterial pressure and the systemic vascular resistance were decreased. In the LI-4 group, cardiac output and cardiac index decreased after EA. These results indicate that EA at LI-4, SP-6 and ST-36 have advantages in isoflurane anesthesia in terms of reducing the dose of anesthetics and minimizing cardiovascular side effects.

Histochemical study in the epididymis of the dog canis familiaris

Para la determinación de glucosaminoglicanos en el epidídimo del perro fueron usadas reacciones histoquímicas. En los tres segmentos del epitelio ductal la determinación de mucosustancias neutras reveló reacciones medias. No obstante, la presencia de gránulos PAS positivos en el epitelio, indicarían una probable secreción glucoproteica de las células principales. Las determinaciones histoquímicas confirman las interpretaciones previas

Natural estrous cycle in normal and diabetic bitches in relation to glucose and insulin tests

The influence of spontaneous "sex seasons" on blood sugar (BS) and serum insulin levels was studied in bitches with natural diabetes mellitus (DM) and normal controls, in the basal condition and during glucose and insulin tests, was studied. DM increased basal BS, reduced glucose tolerance, distribution space (DS) and clearance from blood, and induced resistance to insulin hypoglycemic action. In normals, occurrence of "seasons", inconsistently modified basal BS, increased glucose tolerance and DS; during estrogenic phase (EP), these variables were above those during luteal phase (LP). In diabetics at LP, BS found in fasting condition and during glucose test were higher than in diabetic biches at EP (respective values at anestrous (A) in between) and glucose DS was smaller. Rate of glucose clearance from blood remained unaffected by "seasons" in both dog groups. Basal serum IRI was not modified by DM or "seasons". In normals, serum IRI response to glucose load was nonsignificant during A and increased during the "seasons"; either insulin DS or the rate of insulin clearance from blood stream remained unchanged under the circumstances the increase being mediated by insulin secretion. During EP, the increase was particulary intense and mean insulinogenic index (MII) rose. During LP, MII returned to A value, whereby diabetic states might be manifest. Serum IRI profiles during insulin test were not modified by "seasons" in normal bitches; such response in diabetic bitches was intense during A, then decreased (EP) or was later abolished (LP). Either in normal or diabetic bitches, the sensitivity to exogenous insulin hypoglycemic action remained unchanged in spite of "seasons". In diabetic bitches at A, serum IRI after glucose challenge peaked higher than in respective normal controls (insulin clearance and insulin DS were similar): They exhibited relative insulin shortage and resistance to insulin hypolgycemic action partly compensated by prometed insulin secretion. Along with "season", abolished serum IRI response to glucose load in diabetics was observed. During EP, extrapancreatic factors regulating serum IRI concentration and MII did not change in respect to A, whereby abolishment appears mediated by depressed insulin secretion. During LP, insulin anatogonism in conjunction with 1) absolute insulin deficiency and 2) intense decrease in MII appears as a powerful factor exposing diabetic bitches to a severe or fatal derangement in diabetic disease.

Perfil electroforético de deshidrogenasas de pentosas en vertebrados: órdenes carnívora y lagomorpha / Electrophoretic profile of pentose dehydrogenases in vertebrates: carnivorous and lagomorpha order

Deshidrogenasas de pentosas NAD o NADP dependientes fueron aisladas de riñón, corazón, cerebro e hígado de perro y conejo. La electroforesis en geles de policrilamida de los extractos enzimáticos, reveló la presencia de varias bandas con actividad deshidrogenásica. En perro, los diferentes órganos estudiados, mostraron actividad enzimática NADP-dependiente, con amplia especificidad de sustrato. También estos órganos exhibieron una deshidrogenasa que utilizaba al cofactor NAD como aceptor de hidrógeno. Su sustrato preferido fue D-arabinosa. Los extractos de hígado y de riñón de conejo fueron activados con NADP o NAD usando D-arabinosa como sustrato. Los extractos de riñón revelaron una actividad adicional para D-aribosa y NAD. La presencia de este tipo de deshidrogenasas de pentosas, sugiere que en mamíferos las pentosas puden ser utilizadas por una vía diferente a la de pentosa-fosfato