Characterization of Peripapillary Atrophy Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: To characterize the features of peripapillary atrophy (PPA), as imaged by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: SD-OCT imaging of the optic disc was performed on healthy eyes, eyes suspected of having glaucoma, and eyes diagnosed with glaucoma. From the peripheral beta-zone, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the junction of the inner and outer segments (IS/OS) of the photoreceptor layer, and the Bruch's membrane/retinal pigment epithelium complex layer (BRL) were visualized. RESULTS: Nineteen consecutive eyes of 10 subjects were imaged. The RNFL was observed in the PPA beta-zone of all eyes, and no eye showed an IS/OS complex in the beta-zone. The BRL was absent in the beta-zone of two eyes. The BRL was incomplete or showed posterior bowing in the beta-zone of five eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The common findings in the PPA beta-zone were that the RNFL was present, but the photoreceptor layer was absent. Presence of the BRL was variable in the beta-zone areas.

Central Photoreceptor Viability and Prediction of Visual Outcome in Patients with Idiopathic Macular Holes

PURPOSE: To identify the correlation between preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and postoperative visual outcomes in eyes with idiopathic macular holes (MHs). METHODS: Data from 55 eyes with idiopathic MHs which had been sealed by vitrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Correlation analysis was conducted between postoperative visual acuity (V(postop), logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) and preoperative factors, including four OCT parameters: the anticipated length (A) devoid of photoreceptors after hole closure, MH height (B), MH size (C), and the grading (D) of the viability of detached photoreceptors. Additionally, the formula for the prediction of visual outcome was deduced. RESULTS: V(postop) was determined to be significantly correlated with the preoperative visual acuity (V(preop)) and OCT parameters A, C, and D (p<0.001). Based on the correlation, the formula for the prediction of V(postop) was derived from the most accurate regression analysis: V(postop)=0.248xV(preop)+1.1x10(-6)xA(2)-0.121xD+0.19. CONCLUSIONS: The length and viability of detached photoreceptors are significant preoperative OCT features for predicting visual prognosis. This suggests that, regardless of the MH size and symptom duration, active surgical intervention should be encouraged, particularly if the MH exhibits good viability in the detached photoreceptor layer.

Edema of the Photoreceptor Layer in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Observed Using High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of fluid accumulation in the uveitic stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT3). METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes in 14 patients with VKH disease were reviewed retrospectively. These 28 eyes were divided into 19 eyes with intraretinal fluid (C group) and 9 eyes without intraretinal fluid (N group). Changes in visual acuity and fluid accumulation observed using OCT were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Visual acuity at the time of presentation was significantly worse in the C group than in the N group (p=0.005). The photoreceptor layer appeared to be double-layered due to a cystoid space in the C group. Layered structures and strands found in the cystoid space. Expanding sponge-form edema led to the development of a cystoid space in the photoreceptor layer. Intraretinal fluid resolved earlier than subretinal fluid. There were no observed differences in visual acuity between the two groups after four days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Accumulation of intraretinal fluid was related to poor initial visual acuity, but not to final visual acuity. High resolution OCT findings indicate that edema of the photoreceptor layer participates in the development of a cystoid space.

Distrofias retinianas retinosis pigmentada (RP) (Bastón-Cono): segunda parte / Retinal distrophies. pigmentary retinosis (ROD-CONE): part II

Dentro de las distrofias retinianas, la Retinosis Pigmentada está considerada como un grupo de enfermedades con disfunción progresiva por involucro de los fotorreceptores, caracterizada por la presencia de nictalopía, disminución progresiva del campo visual y antecedentes hereditarios. Se revisa su prevalencia, presentación según su tipo, y enfermedades asociadas, conformando síndromes. Asimismo el diagnóstico. evaluación de métodos de apoyo diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo, así como la necesidad del estudio genético para tipificación y consejo para su manejo integral.

Distrofias retinianas: retinosis pigmentada (RP) (Bastón-Cono) (Primera Parte)

Dentro de las distrofias retinianas, la Retinosis Pigmentada está considerada como un grupo de enfermedades con disfunción progresiva por involucro de los fotorreceptores, caracterizada por la presencia de nictalopia, disminución progresiva del campo visual y antecedentes hereditarios. Se revisa su prevalencia, presentación según su tipo, y enfermedades asociadas, conformando síndromes. Asimismo el diagnóstico, evaluación de métodos de apoyo diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo, así como la necesidad del estudio genético para tipificación y consejo para su manejo integral