Polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB [BMPR-IB] gene with litter size and kids growth of some goat breeds in Egypt

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms [PCR-RFLP] and Single Nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] techniques were used to study the association between bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB [BMPR IB] gene polymorphism with litter size trait and kids growth. Forty four Female goats were precisely selected according to their litter size and kids growth. PCR amplification of 190 bp of the BMPR-IB gene was genotyped in all goats and sequenced only in those produced the highest and lowest litter size and kids growth. Restriction analysis of PCR-RFLP using Ava II and Hind III of the BMPRIB gene [190-bp] do not produce restriction fragments. By DNA sequencing, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNP's] at seven different positions were obtained. Furthermore, with translation of SNPs to corresponding amino acids, change of six amino acids in three female goats were obtained as the following, Baladi goat with high litter size, glutamic acid [E] changed to aspartic acid [P] and isoleucine [I] changed to valine [V]. In high litter size, Zaraibi goat, valine [V] changed to leucine acid [L] and glutamine [Q] changed to histidine [H] and threonine [T] changed to proline [P]. These findings can be used in a marker-assisted selection [MAS] for selection for high litter size trait in goats. There are negative relationships in most goats between SNPs in BMPR IB gene and relative growth gain [RGG]

Effect of oral administration of Propionibacterium acnes on growth performance, DTH response and anti-OVA titers in goat kids

Immunostimulants are susbstances that stimuli the response of effector cells to activate the immune response such as antigen uptake, cytokine release or antibody response. These substances can increase resistence to infection by different types of microorganisms, reducing dependence of antibiotics used in livestock animals. Recent reports have demonstrated the positive effect of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) to control animal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the non-specific immunostimulant P. acnes on immunological functions and growth performance in goat kids. Twenty five goat kids served as control group (A) and another 25 animals received P. acnes being the experimental group (B). Kids were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to assess humoral immunity. To assess in vivo cell immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used, clinical signs and body weight were recorded each week until 9 weeks of age when the experiment ended. Blood samples were obtained to analyze serum proteins fractions and anti-OVA specific antibodies. No clinical signs of disease and no differences (p>0.05) on body weight between groups were recorded (7.32±0.81 kg in group A, 7.13±0.65 kg in group B). Goat kids from group B had more total protein (59.8±5g/l) and albumin levels (32.8±3.3g/l) than goat kids from group A (56.6±5.7 g/l, 29.6±3.9 g/l respectively) (p<0.05). DTH response in goat kids from group B on day 42 was higher (p<0.05) than group A. At day 63, goat kids from group receiving P. acnes had higher percentage (85.4) of anti-OVA IgM titers (p<0.05) than control group (57.7). In conclusion, the results showed that oral administration of P. acnes to goat kids improved some aspects of the immune system of the animals and it could be used to control goat diseases.

[ radiographic study on closure time of the fore and hind limbs growth plates in Rayeni goat]

Raeini goat is one of the goat races which is found in Kerman province and many neighboring provinces. This goat produces soft wool with good quality and holds and even higher ranking than other goat breeds based on production of milk and meat, whereas there is no basic radiologic information about this race. Determination of basic information about the radiographic of anterior and posterior limbs in Raeini goat. To study close time of growth plate in anterior limbs, 12 head of raeini soft wool goats [6 male, 6 female] and the same number for posterior limbs were selected from the goats that were present in the animal husbandries college in Kerman University and had grown under equal nourishment. They were selected from 10 days after their birth until the growth plates of anterior, posterior and back bones were closed. Most of the growth plates in the forelimbs [anterior] in females in the 13th month and in males in the 16th month were closed; closure time of growth plates for hind limbs [posterior] in females was in the 16th month and 14th month respectively. It is possible that early closure of the growth plates in the race of short stature in this breed is justified

Efeitos da suplementação com fósforo em caprinos no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro / Effect of phosphorus supplementation for goats in the Brazilian semiarid region

To evaluate the effect of phosphorus supplementation for goats grazing for the semiarid region, one group of 16 recently weaned Moxotó goats was supplemented with a mineral supplement containing Na, Cl, Zn, Cu, Se, Co, and P during 240 days. Another similar group was supplemented with a similar mineral supplement without P. The mean daily consumption of supplement by animal was of 7.09±2.77g and 7.67±3.14g for the groups with and without P, respectively. The mean weight gain of the P supplemented group (45.20±5.56g) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the non-supplemented group (40.03±2.80g). The average total P in soil was 30.8mg/kg and in the pasture 0.13 percent in dry matter. These results demonstrate the occurrence of P deficiency in some areas of the Brazilian semiarid region.

Comparative morphometry of the olfactory bulb, tract and stria in the human, dog and goat / Morfometría comparada del bulbo, tracto y estría olfatoria en el humano, perro y cabra

Morphometric parameters of olfactory brain components show species-dependent variations. However, the association of these parameters with olfactory function vis-à-vis ecological and evolutionary behaviors is poorly understood. In this study, a morphometric analysis of the olfactory bulb, tract and stria was carried out in three ecologically diverse animals comprising humans (primate), dogs (carnivore) and goats (herbivore) to elucidate differences in morphometry in relation to olfactory function. Using formalin-fixed brains, volumes and linear measurements of the olfactory structures were determined and correlated with those of cerebrum and the whole brain. The volume of the olfactory bulb was greatest in dogs, followed by goats and humans and constituted 0.31 percent, 0.18 percent and 0.01 percent, respectively, of the brain volume. Similarly, the ratio of volume of the bulb, tract and stria to that of brain was 1.95 percent in the dog, 0.77 percent in the goat and 0.03 percent in the human. The width of the bulb was greatest (p< 0.05) in dogs (10.80 +/- 1.64mm) compared to goats (8.25 +/- 0.96mm) and humans (5.50 +/- 0.71mm), and accounted for a hemisphere breadth of 42.91 percent, 29.73 percent and 8.94 percent respectively. Interestingly though, the total length of the olfactory bulb, tract and striae increased in the order of goat (34.5 +/- 1.30mm), human (36.25 +/- 1.70mm) and dog (48.20 +/- 1.92mm), and constituted 21.47 percent, 51.87 percent and 72.30 percent, respectively, of the hemisphere length. These results suggest that the morphometric adaptations of the olfactory components to olfactory function decline from the dog, to goat, to human, and this may be indicative of the varied olfactory functional needs in regard to the ecological diversity of these species.

Los parámetros morfométricos de los componentes del cerebro olfativo presentan variaciones que dependen de las especies. Sin embargo, la asociación de estos parámetros con la función olfativa vis-à-vis los comportamientos ecológicos y evolutivos es poco conocida. En este estudio se llevó a cabo un análisis morfométrico del bulbo, tracto y estría olfatoria en tres animales de diversidad ecológica que abarcan los seres humanos (primates), perros (carnívoros) y cabras (herbívoros) para dilucidar las diferencias en la morfometría en relación con la función olfatoria. El uso de cerebros fijados en formalina, los volúmenes y las medidas lineales de las estructuras olfativas se determinaron y se correlacionaron con el cerebro. El volumen del bulbo olfatorio fue mayor en los perros, seguidos por cabras y seres humanos y constituyeron un 0,31 por ciento, 0,18 por ciento y 0,01 por ciento, respectivamente, del volumen del cerebro. Del mismo modo, la relación entre el volumen del bulbo, vías y estrías al del cerebro fue de 1,95 por ciento en el perro, un 0,77 por ciento en la cabra y 0,03 por ciento en el ser humano. El ancho del bulbo fue mayor (p <0,05) en los perros (10,80 +/- 1.64mm) en comparación con cabras (8,25 +/- 0.96mm) y humanos (5,50 +/- 0.71mm), y representó una total hemisférico de 42,91 por ciento, 29,73 por ciento y 8,94 por ciento respectivamente. Sin embargo, curiosamente la longitud total del bulbo olfatorio, del tracto y estrías aumentaron en la cabra (34,5 +/- 1,30 mm), en humanos (36,25 +/- 1.70mm) y en el perro (48,20 +/- 1,92mm), y constituyeron 21,47 por ciento, 51,87 por ciento y 72,30 por ciento, respectivamente, del largo del hemisferio. Estos resultados sugieren que las adaptaciones morfométricas de los componentes olfativos de la función olfativa se van reduciendo de perro a cabra y al hombre y esto puede ser indicativo de las variadas necesidades funcionales olfativas en lo que respecta a la diversidad ecológica de estas especies.

Effect of diminazine aceturate on the pharmacokinetic of a long acting oxytetracycline formulation in lactating goats

Oxytetracycline [OTC] and diminazene aceturate are commonly administered to diseased ruminants with mixed bacterial and protozoal infections. We were therefore interested in characterizing the pharmacokinetics of a new long acting OTC formulation after IV or IM administration, and whether concurrent administration of diminazene altered the pharmacokinetics. Ten clinically healthy lactating female Baladi goats were used in a sequential order. Goats received the treatments in sequential order with a 2 week wash out period between each study: 1] a single dose of OTC [30 mg/kg BW] by TV or TM injection in non-treated and diminazine aceturate pre-treated goats [3.5 mg/kg BW] 2 hours before OTC treatment. Blood, milk and urine samples were collected periodically and OTC concentration was assayed using a microbiological method. The extent of protein binding in serum and milk was determined using an in vitro ultra filtration method and assayed using the same method as serum Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that serum OTC concentrations after IV administration could be fit to a two-compartment model, and that pre-treatment with diminazene aceturate increased serum OTC concentrations. Following IV injection [t[0.5] beta] was 25.9 +/- 5.1 and 24.5 +/- 2.7 hours, and [Vd[area]] was 22.0 +/- 0.8 and 23.7 +/- 0.4 L.kg[-1], in non-treated and diminazine pre-treated goats, respectively. The maximum OTC concentration after IM injection [1.25 +/- 0.02 micro g ml[-1] and 1.39 +0.04 micro g ml[-1] was obtained at 1.8 +0.3 hours and 2.4 +/- 0.4 hours in non-treated and diminazine pretreated goats, respectively. Moreover, effective milk concentrations were detected for 24 to 48 h, and effective urine concentrations were detected for 96 to 120 h after IM injection. The LA-OTC formulation was moderately bound to goat serum protein [46.0 +3.2% for OTC alone and 40.0 +/- 2.3% for OTC +diminazine]. The binding of the LA-OTC formulation was lower in milk [29.3 +/- 3.6%] than plasma. We conclude that concurrent administration of LA-OTC and diminazine aceturate alters the serum concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetics of a new long acting OTC formulation and could therefore potentially alter treatment efficacy

Efecto de sistemas de crianza (leche de cabra vs. sustitutivo lácteo) y sexo en cabritos de raza florida sobre su crecimiento y características de la canal / Effect of sex and feed (maternal milk vs. milk substitute) on the growth and carcass characteristics in florida goat kids

Para evaluar el efecto de sistemas de crianza (leche de cabra vs. sustituto lácteo) sobre el crecimiento y las características de la canal de cabritos lactantes, fueron utilizados 64 cabritos de la raza Florida, nacidos el mismo día y procedentes de partos dobles de un rebaño comercial, bajo sistema semiextensivo y ubicado en la provincia de Sevilla, España. El primer día permanecieron lactando con sus madres y después se dividieron en dos grupos: LN (lactancia natural) y LA (lactancia artificial con lactorreemplazante). El crecimiento de los animales se controló durante los primeros 60 días de vida, edad con la que se sacrificaron, valorando las principales características de la canal. Los resultados indican que la velocidad de crecimiento fue más alta en el grupo LN (203 g/día vs. 187 g/día) y significativamente mayor (P<0,05) en los machos (202 g/día vs. 184 g/día). El sexo influyó significativamente (P<0,05) en la mayor parte de los componentes del “quinto cuarto” (caídos, despojos rojos y depósitos grasos), mientras que el sistema de crianza solo lo hizo sobre los depósitos grasos. Las canales de los machos fueron más largas, profundas y compactas que las de las hembras (P<0,05), en tanto que la alimentación sólo influyó significativamente (P<0,05) en los índices de compacidad, L/G, G/F y Th/G. Las canales pesaron entre 7,2 y 8,2 kg, y los rendimientos de la canal se situaron en el intervalo 52-56 por ciento, con diferencias significativas (P<0,05) entre sexos y sistema de crianza. El despiece de la canal ofreció valores del 32-33 por ciento para la pierna, 26-27 por ciento para el costillar, 19-20 por ciento para la espalda, 12-13 por ciento para el pecho y 9-10 por ciento para el cuello, sin diferencia significativa (P>0,05) entre sistema de crianza y sexo. Las canales de los machos presentaron mayor (P<0,05) porcentaje de músculo (58,4 vs. 57,1 por ciento), y de hueso (22,7 vs. 21,8 por ciento) y menor de grasa...

The experiment was conducted on a commercial farm, under semiextensive system and located in the province of Seville, Spain. In order to evaluate the effect of the type of food (goat milk vs. substitute) and sex on the growth and carcass traits, sixty four twins kids of Florida goat breed born the same day were used. The animals remained with their mothers the first day of life. Afterwards, they were divided into two groups: LN (goat milk) and LA (milk replacer). The daily weight gain was higher in LN (203 g/d vs. 187 g/d) and significantly greater (P<0.05) in males (202 g/d vs. 184 g/d). Sex significantly influenced (P<0.05) most of the components of the “fifth quarter”, whereas the food type had an effect on the fat deposit. The carcass of the males were longer, deeper and more compact than those of the females (P<0.05), whereas the food type only had a significant effect (P<0.05) in the indices of compactness, L/G, G/F and Th/G. The carcass weighed between 7.2 and 8.2 kg, and the carcass yields were 52-56 percent, with significant differences (P<0.05) between genders and type of food. The quartering of the carcass offered values of the 32-33 percent for legs, 26-27 percent for ribs, 19-20 percent for the back, 12-13 percent for chest and 9-10 percent for the neck, without statistical difference (P>0.05) between type of food and sex. The carcass of the males displayed higher (P<0.05) percentage of muscle (58.4 vs. 57.1 percent), and of bone (22.7 vs. 21.8 percent) and lower percentage of fat (17.9 vs. 19.9 percent) as compared to females, whereas the food type only affected significantly the intermuscular fat content (12.2 percent LN vs. 11.1 percent LA).

The morphological observations of some lingual papillae in the prenatal and prepuberal stages of red Sokoto goats (Capra hircus) / Observaciones morfológicas de algunas papilas linguales en las etapas prenatal y prepuberal de cabras rojas de Sokoto (Capra hircus)

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological development of the tongue in the foetal and prepubertal stages of Red Sokoto goats by light microscopy. In foetuses of about 50 days, the tongue tissues showed thickening of the epithelium into about 2-3 layers of cells. In fetuses of about 65 days, mesenchymal tissue was observed under the epithelium.Rudiments of some papillae were observed at this time. Collagenous fibre and blood vessels were scant in the lamina propria. In the 80-day-old foetuses, their was further differentiation of the epithelium rudiments into some papillae and this continued to mature until in foetuses of about 90 and 110 days, were early rudiments of taste buds were observed. Evidence of keratinization was apparent in the prepubertal stages.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el desarrollo morfológico de la lengua en las etapas fetal y prepuberal de la cabra roj a de Sokoto por microscopía de luz. En los fetos de alrededor de 50 días, los tejidos linguales mostraron un engrosamiento del epitelio en cerca de 2-3 capas de células. En los fetos de alrededor de 65 días, se observó tejido mesenquimático bajo el epitelio. Rudimentos de algunas papilas se observaron en esta etapa. Fibras colágenas y vasos sanguíneos fueron observados de manera escasa en la lámina propria. En los 80 días de edad fetal, se observó la mayor diferenciación del epitelio con algunos rudimentos de papilas, lo que continuó hasta la maduración de los fetos, alrededor de los 90 y 110 días, donde fueron observados de manera temprana rudimentos de botones gustativos. Evidencia de queratinización fue evidente en las etapas prepuberales.

Efectos de la complementación con heno-melaza-urea sobre parámetros productivos en cabras criollas a pastoreo / Effects of hay-molasses-urea complementation on productive parameters in grazing female native goats

Con el fin de evaluar el efecto de la complementación con heno-melaza-urea sobre la ganancia de peso, duración de lactancia y producción láctea en 31 cabras criollas, se realizó un ensayo en San José de los Ranchos, municipio Torres del estado Lara, Venezuela. Las cabras, con un peso vivo promedio de 28,87 ± 2 Kg., fueron sometidas a través de un diseño completamente aleatorizado a los siguientes tratamientos, To: Testigo (pastoreo y ramoneo de especies nativas exclusivamente); T1: To + heno (55,55%)-melaza (44,45%) y T2: To + heno (53,19%)-melaza (42,55%)-urea (4,26%), siendo complementados ambos grupos cuando los animales eran encorralados durante la noche. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (P<0,05), entre tratamientos, sobre la ganancia diaria de peso con medias de 91,61; 55,86 y 25,40 g para T2, T1 y To, respectivamente. La producción de leche y duración de la lactancia, no fueron estadísticamente diferentes (P>0,05), con medias de 16,30; 17,51 y 18,70 Kg./ semana y 9,00; 8,43 y 9,00 semanas para To, T1 y T2, respectivamente. Se puede concluir que la complementación con heno-melaza-urea constituye una fuente nutricional potencial para recuperar la condición corporal de cabras criollas lactantes, manejadas en condiciones extensivas similares a las descritas en este ensayo.

In order to evaluate complementation effects of hay-molasses-urea on average daily gain, lactation length and lactation yield with 31 native goats, a trial was carried out in San Jose de los Ranchos, Torres Municipality, Lara State, Venezuela. Goats with average weight of 28.87 ± 2 kg, were submitted to a completely random design to To: Control (grazing and browsing only); T1: To + hay (55.55%), molasses (44.45%) and T2: To + hay (53.19%), molasses (42.55%), urea (4.26%), being complemented both groups when animals were gathered during night time. There was significant differences (P<0.05) on average daily gain with means of 91.61, 55.86 and 25.40 g for T2, T1 and To, respectively. Milk yield and lactation length were no statistically different (P>0.05), with means of 16.30, 17.51 and 18.70 kg/week and 9.0, 8.43 and 9.0 weeks for To, T1 and T2, respectively. So, it can be pointed out that hay-molasses-urea complementation, constitutes a potential nutritional source to recuperate body condition of lactating native goats raised under extensive conditions similar to those described in this trial.

Efectos de la inclusión de un concentrado de proteína de soya y dos fuentes de energía en el substituto de leche en el comportamiento productivo de cabritos nubios / Effect of a soy protein concetrate and two energy sources as milk substitutes on productive performance nubian kids

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la inclusión de un concentrado de proteína de soya y dos fuentes de energía en el substituto de leche sobre el comportamiento productivo de cabritos Nubios desde el nacimiento hasta el destete, manejados en la Unidad Caprina de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México. Se utilizaron sesenta y ocho cabritos (35 hembras y 33 machos) asignados de manera aleatoria a los tratamientos: T1: proteína láctea + sebo de res, T1: 20,0 por ciento de concentrado de proteína de soya + sebo de res, T1: 40,0 por ciento de concentrado de proteína de soya + sebo de res, T1: proteína láctea + sebo de puerco, T1: 20,0 por ciento de concentrado de proteína de soya + sebo de puerco y, T1: 40,0 por ciento de concentrado de proteína de soya + sebo de puerco. El concentrado de proteína de soya no afectó (P>0,05) el consumo de dieta líquida ni la ganancia diaria de peso promedio, pero afectó significativamente (P<0,05) el consumo de concentrado de iniciación (95;95 y 97 g d-¹ animal-¹). Las fuentes de energía no afectaron (P>0,05) el consumo de la dieta líquida ni la ganancia diaria de peso promedio, pero afectaron (P<0,05) el consumo de concentrado de iniciación (97 vs 95 g d-¹ animal-¹). El sexo de los cabritosno afectó (P>0,05) el consumo del substituto de leche ni la ganancia diaria de peso promedio, pero si afectó (P<0,05) el consumo de concentrado de iniciación (100 vs. 92 g d-1animal-1para machos y hembras, respectivamente). El periodo experimental (semanas) afectó significativamente (P<0,05) todas las variables. Los niveles de concentrado de proteína de soya, fuentes de energía y sexo de la cría no afectaron (P>0,05) la conversión de alimento en base a sólidos totales de la leche. Se presentaron algunas interacciones significativas (P<0,05) en el consumo de substituto de leche y concentrado de iniciación.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of a concentrate of soy protein and two energy sources as milk substitutes on productive performance of Nubian kids from birth to weaning, managed at the Goat Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México. Sixty eight kids (35 females and 33 males) were randomly assigned to the treatments: T1 : lactic protein + cow lard, T2 : 20.0% of concentrate of soy protein + cow lard, T3 : 40.0% of concentrate of soy protein + cow lard, T4 : lactic protein + pork lard, T5 : 20.0% concentrate of soy protein + pork lard and, T6 : 40.0% of concentrate of soy protein + pork lard. The concentrate of soy protein did not affect (P>0.05) neither the consumption of liquid diet nor average daily weight gain, but it affected (P<0.05) consumption of the starting concentrate (95; 95, and 97 g d-¹ animal-¹). The energy sources did not affect (P>0.05) neither consumption of the liquid diet nor average daily weight gain, but they affected (P<0.05) consumption of the starting concentrate (97 vs 95 g d-¹ animal-¹). Sex of kid did not affect (P>0.05) neither consumption of the milk substitute nor average daily weight gain, but it affected (P<0.05) consumption of the starting concentrate (100 vs 92 g d-¹ animal-¹ for males and females, respectively). The experimental period (weeks) affected (P<0.05) all variables. The levels of the concentrate of soy protein, energy sources, and sex of kids did not affect (P>0.05) feed conversion based on milk total solids. There were some significant interactions (P<0.05) on consumption of the milk substitute and starting concentrate. It is concluded that it is possible to raise kids with milk substitutes prepared with a concentrate of soy protein, cow and/or pork lard.

Goat production research in Africa: a sign post review for research in the new millennium

This review examines some of the major studies carried out on goat production in Africa during the past forty years. It covers research work in goat management; feeding and nutrition; and reproduction. Not surprisingly; none of these topics has been investigated in a coherent and sustained manner. Results often vary; not only between reports and breed; but also within breeds. The review highlights the gaps in our knowledge which need to be filled in order to develop a coherent problem-solving package for sustained goat production. Increased research is needed to adapt forage production system for sustainable development of specific breeds; as well as in the area of nutrition; reproduction; environmental stress and their possible interactions. Greater knowledge is also required about the understanding of the farmers; the characteristics of their enterprises and their available resources

Effect of selenium-vitamin E injection in selenium-deficient dairy goats and kids on the Mexican plateau

Foram conduzidos três experimentos para determinar a quantidade ótima da injeção de selênio-vitamina E (Se-vit E) para manter o nível aceitável do status de selênio no sangue de cabras e cabritos e determinar essa relação com o status sobre a taxa de mortalidade de cabritos. No primeiro experimento, 238 cabras foram usados em um dos três grupos durante o período do acasalamento: A1- controle, A2- 0,06mgSe+0,8UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo e A3- 0,125mgSe+1,7UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) entre os grupos para fertilidade e prolificidade. A concentração de Se no sangue não foi diferente entre os grupos que receberam Se-vit E e o controle antes da injeção e ambos os grupos mostravam deficiência de Se. Sessenta dias pós-tratamento houve tendência (P<0,05; 32%) de aumentar o nível de Se no sangue e não houve diferença entre os grupos A2 e controle. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05; 103%) entre os grupos A1 e A2 e o grupo A3. No segundo experimento, 48 cabras foram divididas em quatro grupos: B1- controle, B2- 0,125mgSe+1,7UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo, B3- 0,25mgSe+3,4UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo e B4- 0,31mgSe+4,2UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo. O grupo B4 alcançou a concentração mais alta no terceiro mês depois da injeção (0,11ppm) e diminuiu depois de 100 dias, quando o valor foi apenas ligeiramente maior que os valores dos grupos B2 e B3, aos 135 dias da gestação. Os resultados dos grupos B2 e B3 foram ligeiramente mais altos que os do grupo B1 (P<0,05). No terceiro experimento, 194 cabritos (3 a 7 dias de idade), nascidos de cabras deficientes em Se, foram usados para comparar a efetividade da injeção de Se. Foram divididos em três grupos: C1- controle, C2- 0,3mgSe+4,2UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo e C3- 0,6mgSe+8,4UI vit E/kg de peso-vivo. A porcentagem de mortalidade foi mais alta em C1 (60%) e mais baixa nos grupos tratados com Se (22%). A concentração de Se no sangue no 20º após o início do tratamento aumentou rapidamente, de acordo com o nível de injeção de Se. A injeção com 0,3mgSe/kg de peso-vivo aumentou a concentração de Se no sangue em cabras gestantes e a dose foi efetiva para prevenir a doença de músculo branco e aumentar a sobrevivência dos cabritos até o desmame.

Análisis de la calidad de la capa pilífera interna (cachemira) en cabras criollas de San Luis Potosí, México / Internal hair cashmere quality analysis in Criollo goats in San Luis potosi, Mexico

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el potencial de producción de cachemira de las cabras criollas de San Luis Potosí. Se realizaron dos muestreos en 7 rebaños carpinos del municipio de Catorce en San Luis Potosí, encontrándose que entre el 22.33 por ciento y el 33.63 por ciento de los animales de cada rebaño presentaban una cubierta de vellón interior con apariencia de cachemira. El promedio de producción de este tipo de pelo fue de 13.06 g. Se estudió el díametro de las muestras colectadas utilizando un analizador de distribución de fibras. El promedio del diámetro fue de 14.38 micras, y la longitud promedio de las fibras fue de 3.11 cm. Al comparar los resultados de este trabajo con la literatura, y se encontró que las fibras obtenidas en las cabras criollas tienen las cualidades y características de la cachemira de primera calidad por tener menos de 16 micras de diámetro. Sin embargo, tanto la longitud como la producción promedio por animal son relativamente bajas, lo que dificultaría su industrialización. Esto abre la posibilidad de mejorar la producción mediante prácticas de selección, manejo y mejoramiento genético con el fin de producir animales con propóstios múltiples, que además de carne y leche produczan cachemira como un subproducto de alto valor, y ayude a mejorar el ingreso de los pequeños productores