RESUMO
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C. elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1, daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo, which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity studies.
Assuntos
Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Paullinia/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals is a leading cause of aging. In the present study, we examined the effects of a well-known anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, selenocysteine, in response to environmental stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. METHOD: The response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet irradiation was compared between the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. The effect of selenocysteine on lifespan and fertility was then determined. To examine the effect of selenocysteine on muscle aging, we monitored the change in motility with aging in both the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with selenocysteine significantly increased resistance to oxidative stress. Survival after ultraviolet irradiation was also increased by supplementation with selenocysteine. Treatment with selenocysteine confers a longevity phenotype without an accompanying reduction in fertility, which is frequently observed in lifespan-extending interventions as a trade-off in C. elegans. In addition, the age-related decline in motility was significantly delayed by supplementation of selenocysteine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of selenocysteine can modulate response to stressors and lead to lifespan extension, thus supporting the free radical theory of aging.
Assuntos
Animais , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Selenocisteína/farmacologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Etários , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos da radiação , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Proteínas de Bactérias/fisiologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/patogenicidade , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Telúrio/farmacologia , Fatores de Virulência/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aderência Bacteriana , Caenorhabditis elegans/microbiologia , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , VirulênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lifespan and oxidative status of C. elegans under oxidative stress. METHOD: Lifespan was determined by counting the number of surviving nematodes daily under a dissecting microscope after treatment with hydrogen peroxide and the tocotrienol-rich fraction. The evaluated oxidative markers included lipofuscin, which was measured using a fluorescent microscope, and protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, which were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress significantly decreased the mean lifespan of C. elegans, which was restored to that of the control by the tocotrienol-rich fraction when administered before or both before and after the hydrogen peroxide. The accumulation of the age marker lipofuscin, which increased with hydrogen peroxide exposure, was decreased with upon treatment with the tocotrienol-rich fraction (p<0.05). The level of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine significantly increased in the hydrogen peroxide-induced group relative to the control. Treatment with the tocotrienol-rich fraction before or after hydrogen peroxide induction also increased the level of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine relative to the control. However, neither hydrogen peroxide nor the tocotrienol-rich fraction treatment affected the protein carbonyl content of the nematodes. CONCLUSION: The tocotrienol-rich fraction restored the lifespan of oxidative stress-induced C. elegans and reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin but did not affect protein damage. In addition, DNA oxidation was increased. .