Tendinitis cálcica atraumática de tendón extensor común del dedo medio: un caso infrecuente de dolor metacarpofalángico / Atraumatic calcium tendonitis of common extensor tendon of the middle finger: a rare case of metacarpophalangeal pain

Calcific tendinitis is a pathology characterized by the deposits of periarticular hydroxyapatite. Its pathophysiology is not completely known. It is clinically characterized by important inflammatory changes with incapacitating pain. It most commonly affects the shoulder joint and it rarely affects the hand and wrist. Given the unusual nature of this localization, we present the clinical case of a woman who developed calcific tendinitis of the third metacarpophalangeal muscle. We present the clinical evolution of the case, the treatments carried out, and a review of the literature related to this unusual localization of calcific tendinitis.

Ressecção cirúrgica de calcinose sintomática em paciente com esclerose sistêmica / Surgical resection of symptomatic calcinosis in a patient with systemic sclerosis

Introdução: A esclerose sistêmica é uma doença rara, autoimune, com evolução progressiva, que afeta os tecidos conectivos e órgãos internos por inflamação, podendo causar calcinose de subcutâneo. Podem evoluir para quadros dolorosos e incapacitantes, podendo tornar-se infectados, principalmente quando ulceram pela pele. Objetivo: Apresentar caso de calcinose em região inguinal e sua evolução cirúrgica. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina portadora de calcinoses em região inguinal bilateral, apresentando algia moderada/grave com falha de tratamento clínico. Realizada ressecção cirúrgica das calcinoses, que formavam cordões de fibrose com aderência na fáscia do músculo oblíquo externo. Realizado fechamento primário com nylon 2.0 pontos simples subdérmicos e ponto intradérmico continuo nylon 3.0 para fechamento estético e menor reação inflamatória. Boa evolução pós- operatório. Conclusão: O melhor tratamento da calcinoses ainda não é claro. O tratamento das complicações se torna essencial para reduzir a morbidade e aumentar a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a rare, autoimmune, progressive disease that affects connective tissues and internal organs by inflammation, which can cause calcinosis cutis. It can progress to painful and disabling conditions, and can become infected, especially when skin ulceration is present. Objective: To present a case of calcinosis in the inguinal region and its surgical recovery. Case Report: A female patient with calcinosis in the bilateral inguinal region presenting with moderate/severe pain had a failed clinical treatment. We performed surgical resection of the calcinosis cutis, which had formed clusters of fibrosis with adhesion to the fascia of the external oblique muscle. We used simple nylon 2.0 sutures along the subdermal plane to perform primary closure and continuous nylon 3.0 sutures along the intradermal plane for aesthetic closure and minimal inflammatory reaction. Her postoperative recovery was positive. Conclusion: The best treatment for calcinosis cutis is still unclear. Treating complications becomes essential for reducing patients' morbidity and increasing their quality of life.

Calcificación heterotópica miocárdica y pericarditis constrictiva en contexto de sepsis por a propósito de un caso / Case Report: Myocardial heterotopic calcification and constrictive pericarditis in the context of sepsis due to

We report the case of a 21 years old woman without history of cardiovascular disease, who after her first euthocic delivery, did complain of genital infection of white parts complicated by pneumonia and pyothorax, isolating Streptococcus pyogenes, requiring intensive care, inotropic and vasoactive medication. Transesophageal echocardiography showed constrictive pericarditis and myocardial heterotopic calcification in the context of sepsis. Subsequently, the pericardial constriction and clinical symptoms improved, with persistent calcifications. The echocardiogram prior to delivery was completely normal.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 21 años sin antecedentes cardiovasculares quien posterior a primer parto eutócico simple presenta infección genital de partes blancas complicada con neumonía y piotórax, aislándose Streptococcus pyogenes, ameritando cuidados intensivos, inotrópicos y vasoactivos. El ecocardiograma transesofágico evidenció pericarditis constrictiva y calcificación heterotópica miocárdica en contexto de sepsis. Posteriormente mejoró el cuadro de constricción pericárdica y la clínica, persistiendo las calcificaciones. El ecocardiograma previo al parto se encontraba completamente normal.

Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism: etiology, laboratory features and complications

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify a clinical profile and laboratory findings of a cohort of hypoparathyroidism patients and determine the prevalence and predictors for renal abnormalities. Materials and methods Data from medical records of five different visits were obtained, focusing on therapeutic doses of calcium and vitamin D, on laboratory tests and renal ultrasonography (USG). Results Fifty-five patients were identified, 42 females and 13 males; mean age of 44.5 and average time of the disease of 11.2 years. The most frequent etiology was post-surgical. Levels of serum calcium and creatinine increased between the first and last visits (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively); and serum levels of phosphate decreased during the same period (p < 0.001). Out of the 55 patients, 40 had USG, and 10 (25%) presented with kidney calcifications. There was no significant difference in the amount of calcium and vitamin D doses among patients with kidney calcifications and others. No correlation between serum and urinary levels of calcium and the presence of calcification was found. Urinary calcium excretion in 24h was significantly higher in patients with kidney calcification (3.3 mg/kg/d) than in those without calcification (1.8 mg/kg/d) (p < 0.05). Conclusions The reduction of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia suggest an effectiveness of the treatment, and the increase in serum creatinine demonstrates an impairment of renal function during follow-up. Kidney calcifications were prevalent in this cohort, and higher urinary calcium excretion, even if still within the normal range, was associated with development of calcification. These findings suggest that lower rates of urinary calcium excretion should be aimed for in the management of hypoparathyroidism.

Milia-like calcinosis cutis in a girl with Down syndrome

Abstract: Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis (MICC) is a very rare dermatological disorder characterized by multiple whitish to skin colored, milia-like papules, mostly found on the hands. MICC can disappear spontaneously by adulthood; therefore, its early recognition is crucial to avoiding unnecessary interventions. Herein, we present a case of MICC in a 6-year-old girl with Down syndrome.

Calcificaciones mamarias: descripción y clasificación según la 5ª edición BI-RADS / Breast calcifications: description and classification according to BI-RADS 5th edition

Abstract. Breast calcifications are frequent findings in mammography. Most of them have a benign origin, such as in the case of the response to inflammatory disease of the ducts or coarse calcifications in benign nodules. Many of these calcifications show a characteristic benign appearance, and they do not need to be magnified or monitored. However, other calcifications can show a grouped pattern, have a suspicious appearance, and transform into an in situ ductal carcinoma or a high risk breast lesion. It is important to know the morphological and distribution patterns of these calcifications in order to make right decisions for each case. In the 5th edition of the BI-RADS atlas, 2013, categories and levels of suspicion for some patterns were modified. The objective of this article is to update descriptors and categories of BI-RADS micro-calcifications, pointing out their most important features and malignancy risk linked to each descriptor.

Resumen. Las calcificaciones mamarias son un hallazgo frecuente en mamografía. La mayoría de ellas tienen un origen benigno, como puede ser la respuesta a patología inflamatoria de los conductos o calcificaciones gruesas en nódulos benignos. Muchas de estas calcificaciones presentan un aspecto benigno característico y no requieren ser magnificadas o controladas. Otras calcificaciones sin embargo pueden presentarse agrupadas, tener un aspecto sospechoso y originarse en un carcinoma ductal in situ o una lesión de alto riesgo. Es relevante conocer los patrones morfológicos y de distribución de estas calcificaciones a fin de tomar la conducta adecuada para cada caso. En la 5.ª edición del atlas BI-RADS, 2013, las categorías y grados de sospecha de algunos patrones fueron modificados. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una actualización de los descriptores y las categorías BI-RADS de las microcalcificaciones, señalando sus características más importantes y el riesgo de malignidad asociado a cada descriptor.

Discopatía calcificante de la infancia: una infrecuente causa de tortícolis adquirida. Caso clínico / Pediatric intervertebral disc calcification: A rare cause of acquired torticollis. Case report

Introducción: El dolor y la contractura muscular cervical son motivos de consulta usuales en los servicios de urgencia pediátrica. El primer enfrentamiento es la anamnesis y examen físico minucioso. Ante la sospecha de etiología musculoesquelética se debe solicitar radiografía de columna cervical. El hallazgo de calcificación de los discos intervertebrales, en ausencia de otras lesiones radiológicas, nos debe hacer sospechar de una discopatía calcificante de la infancia. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de discopatía calcificante de la infancia, enfermedad infrecuente, que se debe tener en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial de tortícolis y dolor cervical en la infancia. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 7 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos ni historia de traumatismo o deportes bruscos. Consultó por historia de dolor y contractura cervical de 6 días de evolución. La velocidad de eritrosedimentación y proteína C reactiva estaban discretamente elevadas. La radiografía de columna cervical y la tomografía computarizada mostraron calcificación discal C5-C6 y protrusión discal anterior. Se hospitalizó para estudio y tratamiento del dolor, con buena respuesta clínica, continuando el manejo ambulatorio con antiinflamatorios no esteroidales y collar blando. Evolucionó con resolución de la sintomatología clínica y de las calcificaciones a 6 meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El hallazgo de calcificaciones de los discos intervertebrales es una infrecuente causa de tortícolis adquirida, de evolución benigna y autolimitada. Se recomienda manejo conservador por tiempo acotado y seguimiento clínico e imagenológico.

Introduction: Pain and cervical muscle spasm are common reasons why parents bring children to the pediatric emergency department. The first steps are the gathering of medical history of the patient and a physical examination. If musculoskeletal damage is suspected, cervical spine x-rays should be obtained. An intervertebral disc calcification finding, in the absence of other radiological lesions should suggest pediatric intervertebral disc calcification. Objective: To present a case of intervertebral disc calcification, a rare condition that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of torticollis and neck pain in childhood. Case report: A seven-year-old male patient without morbid history and no history of trauma or rough sport practice. He consulted the emergency room for pain and cervical contracture for the last six days. C reactive protein and red cell sedimentatio rates were slightly elevated. Imaging studies showed calcification of the C5-C6 intrvertebral disc and anterior disc protrusion. The patient was hospitalized for evaluation and pain management, with good clinical response and continue afterwards with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a soft collar. At the 6-month-follow up, the patient had resolved symptoms and calcifications. Conclusions: Pediatric intervertebral disc calcification is a rare cause of acquired torticollis, with a benign and self-limited outcome. Conservative management, as well as clinical and imaging follow-up is recommended.

Remoción artroscópica y reparación del manguito rotador sin acromioplastía para el tratamiento de las calcificaciones sintomáticas del supraespinoso / Arthroscopic removal and rotator cuff repair without acromioplasty for the treatment of calcified tendinitis of the supraspinatus tendon

Introducción: Las calcificaciones del manguito rotador son una causa frecuente de dolor crónico de hombro y pueden provocar a una limitación funcional importante del mismo. Si bien la mayoría de los pacientes responden favorablemente al tratamiento conservador algunos requieren cirugía. La cirugía artroscópica es una alternativa con baja morbilidad y ventajas cosméticas. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados clínicos luego de la remoción artroscópica de calcificaciones del supraespinoso y reparación del manguito rotador sin acromioplastía. Materiales y Métodos: Realizamos una evaluación retrospectiva de los resultados clínicos de la remoción artroscópica de los depósitos de calcio y posterior reparación del manguito rotador sin acromioplastía. Se evaluaron 30 pacientes consecutivos con una edad media de 49.2 años. El seguimiento promedio fue 35 meses (12 a 88 meses). EL dolor se evaluó subjetivamente con la escala visual análoga EVA pre y postoperatorio. La evaluación funcional se realizó con el score de Constant, UCLA y Quick DASH. Se realizaron radiografías postoperatorias y RNM para evaluar las calcificaciones remanentes y la indemnidad de la reparación del supraespinoso. Resultados: La EVA mejoró significativamente desde un promedio de 8.7 antes de la cirugía a 0.8 luego de la operación (p<0.001). El Constant promedio aumentó de un promedio de 23.9 antes de la cirugía a 85.3 en el postoperatorio (p< 0.001), el Quick DASH disminuyó de un promedio de 47.3 preoperatorio a 8.97 en el postoperatorio (p< 0.001) y el escore de UCLA aumentó de un promedio de 15.8 en el preoperatorio a 32.2 en el postoperatorio (p< 0.001). Conclusiones: La remoción artroscópica y la reparación del manguito rotador sin acromioplastía disminuye significativamente el dolor y mejora la función del hombro en pacientes con calcificaciones del supraespinoso. Nivel de Evidencia: IV. Tipo de Estudio: Serie de Casos...

Background: Calcified rotator cuff tendinitis is a common cause of chronic shoulder pain that leads to significant pain and functional limitations. Although most patients respond well to conservative treatment, some eventually require surgical treatment. Arthroscopic surgery is a valid option due to lower morbidity and better cosmetics. Purposes: Evaluate the clinical outcome after calcific deposit arthroscopic removal and rotator cuff repair without acromioplasty for the treatment of calcified tendinitis of the supraspinatus tendon. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of the arthroscopic removal of calcium deposits and rotator cuff repair without acromioplasty of 30 consecutive patients with a mean age of 49.2 years. The mean follow up was 35 months (range 24-88 months). Preoperative and postoperative functional assessment was performed using the Constant score, UCLA score, and Quick DASH. Pain was subjectively measured by with a visual analog scale (VAS). Radiographs and magnetic resonance (MRI) were performed to evaluate the recurrence of calcifications and the indemnity of the supraspinatus tendon repair. Results: The VAS improved significantly from a mean of 8.7 before surgery to 0.8 after the operation (p< 0.001). The mean Constant score increased from 23.9 preoperatively to 85.3 postoperatively (p<0.001) the mean Quick DASH score decreased from 47.3 preoperatively to 8.97 postoperatively (p< 0.001) and the UCLA score increased from 15.8 preoperatively to 32.2 postoperatively (p< 0.001). MRI examination at last follow-up (70 % of patients) showed no tendon tears and 96.2% of patients was satisfied with their results. Conclusions: Arthroscopic removal and rotator cuff repair without acromioplasty can lead to good results in patients with symptomatic calcifying tendonitis of the supraspinatus tendon. Level of Evidence: IV. Study Design: Cases Series...

Hallazgo por neuroimaginología de microangiopatía cerebral retiniana con calcificaciones y quistes / Neuroimaging findings in cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts

La microangiopatía cerebral retiniana con calcificaciones y quistes es una enfermedad poco frecuente, caracterizada por alteraciones cerebrales, retinianas y óseas, así como por predisposición al sangrado gastrointestinal. Existen pocos reportes de casos de esta condición, especialmente en adultos, en quienes la incidencia es baja. Los hallazgos por medio de neuroimágenes son característicos, con calcificaciones bilaterales y múltiples formaciones quísticas. El propósito de este artículo fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica e ilustrar dos casos cuyo diagnóstico fue posible con la ayuda de neuroimágenes.

Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts is a rare condition characterized by brain, retinal and bone anomalies, as well as a predisposition to gastrointestinal bleeding. There are few reported cases of this condition in adults, among whom the incidence is low. Neuroimaging findings are characteristic, with bilateral calcifications, leukoencephalopathy and intracranial cysts. The purpose of this article was to do a literature survey and illustrate two cases diagnosed with the aid of neuroimaging.

Microlitiasis alveolar pulmonar: caso clínico / Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: Report of one case

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is an extremely rare disease characterized by intra-alveolar accumulation of calcified spherical particles (called microliths), due to a mutation of the gene encoding a membrane transport protein of the alveolar surface. Most patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis. The course of the disease is slowly progressive, with development of pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. The "sandstorm" pattern is the characteristic finding of this disease. We report a 39-year-old female presenting with progressive dyspnea. A chest X ray showed ground-glass opacities and a high resolution CT scan showed numerous calcified lung micronodules. A surgical lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

Tendinitis calcificada del supraespinoso en un triatleta senior / Calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder in senior triathlete

Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 62 años de edad, que practica triatlón con tendinitis calcificada del hombro tratada con inyección de plasma rico en plaquetas...

Juvenile dermatomyositis king hussein medical center experience

Juvenile dermatomyositis [JDM] is an uncommon, often chronic, and potentially serious childhoodsystemic autoimmune vasculopathy affecting primarily skin and muscles. It is characterized bypathognomonic rash, and symmetrical proximal muscle weakness.In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical, laboratory profiles, treatment and outcome ofJordanian children diagnosed with JDM in the past 8 years in a tertiary facility in Amman, Jordan.Sixteen [16] JDM patients, diagnosed based on criteria of Bohan and Peter, and have attended thepediatric rheumatology clinic in King Hussein Medical Center, from January 2006 to September 2013,were recruited. Their medical records were studied for clinical and biochemical profile, radiological andelectrophysiological data were studied as well. Treatment and outcome were also reviewed.Our cohort includes 16 patients, 9 [56%] males, and 7 [44%] females [M: F 1.3:1], their age rangesbetween 2 to 9 years, with average age at diagnosis of 5.4 years. Time to diagnosis varies from 2 monthsto 12 months, and averages at 4.6 months. Proximal muscle weakness was present at time of diagnosis in14 [87.5%] cases. Cutaneous signs in form of either poikiloderma in malar distribution, Gottron's signand /or heliotrope sign were apparent in all the 16 [100%] patients at time of diagnosis, periungualerythema was evident in 10 [63%] patients while abnormal nailbed capillaries pattern was only reported in6 [3 8%] cases.Skin and soft tissue calcification, crusting and ulceration were seen in 3 [19%] patients. Serum Lactatedehydrogenase, [LDH] was elevated in 94% and creatininine phosphokinase [CPK] in 88%. ElevatedSGOT [AST] was seen in almost all subjects, while ESR was high in 14 [87.5%] patients. All patientstreated with corticosteroids and methotrexate [MTX].Two [12.5%] patients died in our series, complete remission was achieved in 4[25%] of patients, whilepartial remission was seen in 8 [50%] of patients in our cohort.JDM is a rare disease that has the potential to cause physical disability, poor functional outcome, anddeath if not recognized early and treated properly. We focused in our study, on importance of earlyreferral, and aggressive therapy in improving outcome, aiming to increase awareness of families andgeneral pediatricians

Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma: Case Report with Radiographic and MR Features

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a rare, benign fibroblastic tumor. The lesion has a propensity for local invasion and a high recurrent rate. Therefore, accurate preoperative diagnosis and complete excision are important to prevent the recurrence of the tumor after surgical removal. However, radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma have been extremely rarely described in the radiology literature. Thus, we report a rare case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma affecting the dorsal wrist in a 67-year-old man, describe radiographic and MR findings, and discuss the differential diagnosis of the tumor.

Infratentorial and Intraparenchymal Subependymoma in the Cerebellum: Case Report

Subependymomas are rare benign tumors located in the ventricular system. Intraparenchymal subependymoma is extremely rare; only 6 cases have been reported, and all were located in the supratentorial region. We describe a case of infratentorial, intraparenchymal subependymoma in a 28-year-old man with intermittent headache. Imaging revealed a well-demarcated cystic and solid cerebellar mass near the fourth ventricle. The mass had a microcystic component and calcification without contrast enhancement. Complete surgical excision was performed, and histopathology confirmed a subependymoma.

Calcificaciones pulmonares metastásicas en un trasplantado renal con un injerto con función renal adecuada: Caso clínico / Metastatic pulmonary calcification in a patient with a functioning kidney allograft: Report of one case

In renal transplants patients, metastatic pulmonary calcifications have been reported occasionally when the grafts are dysfunctional and rarely when they are functioning normally. We report a male who received a renal allograft in 1994 at the age of 61 years. Nineteen years later a routine chest X ray showed diffuse infiltrates and a CT scan showed diffuse calcifications in both lungs. These were interpreted as metastatic pulmonary calcifications. The last available laboratory determinations were a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dl and urinary protein excretion of 255 mg/24 hours. No further studies were done since the patient experienced a sudden death due to an acute myocardial infarction.

Microcalcificaciones mamarias: revisión de los descriptores y categorías BI-RADS / Breast microcalcifications: review the BI-RADS descriptors and categories

Las calcificaciones mamarias son hallazgos frecuentes en la mamografía. La mayoría de ellas son originadas por patología benigna, aunque algunos patrones agrupados específicos pueden ser causados por patología maligna, especialmente el carcinoma ductal in situ. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión de los descriptores y categorías BI-RADS de las microcalcificaciones, señalando sus características más importantes y el riesgo de malignidad asociado a cada descriptor.

Breast calcifications are frequent findings on mammography. Most of them are caused by benign pathologies, although some specific grouped patterns may be caused by malignancy, especially ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of this article is to review the BI-RADS descriptors and categories of microcalcifications, marking its most important characteristics and the risk of malignancy associated with each descriptor.

Sandstorm Appearance of Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis Incidentally Detected in a Young, Asymptomatic Male

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare chronic disease with paucity of symptoms in contrast to the imaging findings. We present a case of a 24-year-old Malay man having an incidental abnormal pre-employment chest radiograph of dense micronodular opacities giving the classical "sandstorm" appearance. High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed microcalcifications with subpleural cystic changes. Open lung biopsy showed calcospherites within the alveolar spaces. The radiological and histopathological findings were characteristic of PAM.