Concentração de flúor em dentifrícios comercializados no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil / Fluoride Concentration in Commercial Brands of Dentifrices Available in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

Objetivo: Verificar a concentração de flúor total (FT), flúor solúvel total (FST) e flúor iônico (FI) nos dentifrícios comercializados no Estado da Paraíba e avaliar as concentrações de FST em relação à presença de ar condicionado nos estabelecimentos comerciais e em relação às normas brasileiras vigentes. Método: As amostras foram coletadas de acordo com a disponibilidade e variedade de marcas comerciais (n= 18) em 11 cidades distribuídas em todas as regiões do estado. As análises das amostras (n= 69) foram feitas em triplicata, nas quais se utilizou eletrodo específico após hidrólise do flúor ionizável em HCl, neutralização com NaOH e tamponamento com TISAB II. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e foi utilizado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A maioria das amostras (83,3%) possuía flúor na forma de monofluorfosfato de sódio. Em relação ao abrasivo, 72,2% apresentavam carbonato de cálcio. As concentrações (ppm) médias de FST encontradas nos dentifrícios nos grupos com e sem ar condicionado em estabelecimentos comerciais não diferiram estatisticamente (p>0,05). Observou-se que, das 18 marcas analisadas, 16 estão de acordo com as normas da ANVISA apresentando valores logo abaixo dos 1500 ppm e apenas duas amostras excederam este limite. Conclusão: Não há diferença nas concentrações de flúor entre os estabelecimentos com e sem ar condicionado, a maioria dos dentifrícios estão de acordo com as normas brasileiras da ANVISA e também conforme as informações em suas embalagens.

Objective: To assess total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (FI) concentrations in commercial brands of dentifrices available in the State of Paraíba, Brazil and to evaluate TSF concentrations in the dentifrices in air-conditioned retail stores and whether they conform to the Brazilian up-to-date regulations.Method: The samples were collected according to the availability and variety of commercial brands (n=18) in 11 cities scattered in all regions of the state of Paraíba. Sample analyses (n=69) were made in triplicate with a specific electrode after hydrolysis of the ionizable fluoride in HCl, neutralization in NaOH and buffering in TISAB II. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA at a 5% significance level.Results: Most of the samples (83.3%) contained fluoride in the form of sodium monofluorphosphate. The abrasive agent was calcium carbonate in 72.2% of the samples. The mean TFS concentrations (ppm) detected in the dentifrices purchased from retail stores with and without air conditioning had no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). It was also observed that 16 out of the 18 analyzed commercial brands conformed to the ANVISA regulations, with fluorides concentration just below 1,500 ppm threshold. Only two samples exceeded this value.Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in fluoride concentrations in the dentifrices from air-conditioned and non air-conditioned stores; most of the dentifrices were in accordance with the Brazilian regulations and also with the information on their packages.

Environmental impact assessment of land use planning around the leased limestone mine using remote sensing techniques

Mining activities and the waste products produced can have significant impact on the surrounding environment - ranging from localized surface and ground water contamination to the damaging effects of airborne pollutants on the regional ecosystem. The long term monitoring of environmental impacts requires a cost effective method to characterize land cover and land cover changes over time. As per the guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India, it is mandatory to study and analyze the impacts of mining on its surroundings. The use of remote sensing technology to generate reliable land cover maps is a valuable asset to completing environmental assessments over mining affected areas. In this paper, a case study has been discussed to study the land use - land cover status around 10 Km radius of open cast limestone mine area and the subsequent impacts on environmental as well as social surrounding