The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis

Objective: To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720º clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. Results: Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). Conclusions: Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed between all of the groups. .

Carvedilol atenua o estresse oxidativo na cardiopatia chagásica crônica / Carvedilol attenuates oxidative stress in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy / Carvedilol atenúa el estrés oxidativo en la cardiopatía chagásica crónica

FUNDAMENTO: Há cada vez mais evidências sugerindo que doença de Chagas envolve dano oxidativo e contribui para a progressão da doença cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do carvedilol sobre marcadores de estresse oxidativo na doença de Chagas crônica. MÉTODOS: A população de estudo incluiu 42 pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica e os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo foram medidos antes e após um período de seis meses de tratamento com carvedilol (37,5 mg/dia). Os pacientes foram considerados de acordo com a classificação de Los Andes, e a atividade da superóxido dismutase, catalase, glutationa peroxidase, S-transferase e redutase, mieloperoxidase e adenosina deaminase; e os níveis de glutationa reduzida, de espécies reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico, proteína carbonil, vitamina E e óxido nítrico foram medidos no sangue. RESULTADOS: Após o tratamento com carvedilol, todos os grupos apresentaram reduções significativas nos níveis de proteína carbonil e glutationa reduzida, enquanto os níveis de óxido nítrico e atividade da adenosina aumentaram significativamente somente no grupo IA. Além disso, a maioria das enzimas antioxidantes apresentou diminuição de suas atividades, nos grupos IA e IB. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que o tratamento com carvedilol foi eficaz na atenuação do dano oxidativo, um efeito que pode ser particularmente importante em doença de Chagas crônica com cardiopatia.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence suggesting that Chagas disease involves oxidative damage and contributes to heart disease progression. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of carvedilol on oxidative stress markers in chronic Chagas disease. METHODS: The study population included 42 patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured before and after a period of six months of treatment with carvedilol (37.5 mg/day). Patients were considered according to the Los Andes classification and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, S-transferase and reductase, myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase; levels of reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, carbonyl protein, vitamin E and nitric oxide were measured in blood. RESULTS: After treatment with carvedilol, all groups showed significant reductions in levels of carbonyl protein and reduced glutathione, whereas the levels of nitric oxide and adenosine activity increased significantly only in group IA. Moreover, most of the antioxidant enzymes showed decrease in activity in groups IA and IB. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that treatment with carvedilol was effective in attenuating oxidative damage, an effect that may be particularly important in patients with chronic Chagas' disease cardiomyopathy.

FUNDAMENTO: Hay cada vez más evidencias sugiriendo que la enfermedad de Chagas envuelve daño oxidativo y contribuye a la progresión de la enfermedad cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del carvedilol sobre marcadores de estrés oxidativo en la enfermedad de Chagas crónica. MÉTODOS: La población de estudio incluyó 42 pacientes con cardiopatía chagásica y los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo fueron medidos antes y después de un período de seis meses de tratamiento con carvedilol (37,5 mg/día). Los pacientes fueron considerados de acuerdo con la clasificación de Los Andes, y la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa, catalasa, glutatión peroxidasa, S-transferasa y reductasa, mieloperoxidasa y adenosina deaminasa; y los niveles de glutatión reducida, de especies reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico, proteína carbonil, vitamina E y óxido nítrico fueron medidos en la sangre. RESULTADOS: Después del tratamiento con carvedilol, todos los grupos presentaron reducciones significativas en los niveles de proteína carbonil y glutatión reducida, mientras que los niveles de óxido nítrico y actividad de la adenosina aumentaron significativamente solamente en el grupo IA. Además de eso, la mayoría de las enzimas antioxidantes presentó disminución de sus actividades, en los grupos IA e IB. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos sugieren que el tratamiento con carvedilol fue eficaz en la atenuación del daño oxidativo, un efecto que puede ser particularmente importante en enfermedad de Chagas crónica con cardiopatía.

-Tocopherol ameliorates cypermethrin-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in the nematode Caenorhabdtis elegans.

Oxidative stress and other effects induced by cypermethrin (CYP, 15 mM) and their amelioration by -tocopherol (400 M) was studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The worms exposed for 4 h to CYP showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species (46%), H2O2 (37%) and protein carbonyls (29%), accompanied by decreased lifespan and brood size. However, exposure to both CYP and a-tocopherol resulted in diminution of above alterations with the worms exhibiting relatively lower levels of ROS (30%), H2O2 (15%), protein carbonyls (14%), altered antioxidant enzyme activities and normal lifespan and brood size. The results suggest that CYP induces oxidative stress in C. elegans and the strategy of intervention with -tocopherol could be exploited to offset this induced oxidative stress.