A review of the epidemiology and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma is a very rare and aggressive neoplasm. Due to its rarity, therapeutic guidelines are not well established, especially for regionally advanced disease. Articles in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish from the last 20 years were identified in MEDLINE and reviewed. The key word "Merkel" was used for the search, relevant articles were selected, and their references were examined. The most important articles related to epidemiology, genesis and treatment were reviewed. The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma is increasing due to the advancing age of the population, higher rates of sun exposure and an increasing number of immunocompromised individuals. With regard to etiology, the recently described Merkel Cell polyomavirus is thought to play a role. Either local or regional surgical intervention remains the standard of care, but adjuvant radiotherapy or radiotherapy as a primary treatment have been discussed as reasonable therapeutic options. An update on this rare neoplasia is essential because of its increasing incidence and changing treatment options.

Carcinoma de células de Merkel / Merkel cell carcinoma

El carcinoma de células de Merkel es una neoplasia maligna cutánea poco habitual que suele presentarse en individuos de raza blanca y edad avanzada habitualmente como una lesión nodular eritematosa de rápido crecimiento, localizada en la región de la cabeza y cuello, principalmente en Ia región periorbitaria. Su curso clínico es a menudo agresivo, con un elevado índice de recurrencias locales, diseminación linfática regional y metástasis sistémicas. El manejo de este tumor es controversial En la mayoría de los casos está indicada la resección quirúrgica seguida de radioterapia. No hay evidencia suficiente que la quimioterapia convencional adyuvante mejore la sobrevida y habitualmente se asocia con pobres resultados. La tasa de mortalidad relacionada con el tumor a 5 años puede alcanzar hasta un 65 por ciento.