Gangliocytic Paraganglioma of the Filum Terminale. A Rare Entity

Paragangliomas are rare, benign and slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors that can arise from the adrenal medulla (85­90%) or from the extra-adrenal paraganglia. In the central nervous system (CNS), they can be found at several sites, but more often at the cauda equina and filum terminale region, where they account for between 2.5 and 3.8% of total tumor cases of that region. There are only 8 cases described in the literature that mention the presence of the gangliocytic variant of this entity at the filum terminale. We present the case of a 41-year-old man with chronic lumbar pain refractory to medical treatment, without any associated neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural, extramedullar oval lesion with regular contours and homogeneous caption of contrast at L1 level. He was submitted to surgical treatment, with complete resection of the lesion. The histological analysis revealed a gangliocytic paraganglioma of the filum terminale. At 5 years of follow-up, he remains asymptomatic and without any signs of relapse. These are lesions with an overall good prognosis with gross total resection. Although the recurrence rate is extremely low, prolonged observation is recommended due to the slow-growing nature of the tumor, being estimated that between 1 and 4% can recur even after gross total removal.

Fratura da coluna vertebral tipo explosão na área da cauda eqüina: correlação entre função neurológica e alterações estruturais no canal vertebral / Spinal burst-type fracture on cauda equina area: correlation between neurological function and structural changes on spinal canal

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se há correlação entre o estreitamento traumático do canal vertebral e as possíveis fraturas associadas da lâmina, com o quadro neurológico inicial dos pacientes com fratura tipo explosão na área da cauda eqüina. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva de 42 pacientes que apresentaram 43 fraturas tipo explosão de L3, L4 e L5, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 2004. Os resultados foram avaliados de acordo com a disfunção neurológica inicial e o diâmetro sagital médio do canal vertebral acometido. RESULTADOS: A única variável preditiva independente do comprometimento neurológico foi o estreitamento do canal vertebral (p = 0,008). A porcentagem média de estreitamento do canal vertebral foi significativamente (p < 0,001) maior nos casos em que havia a fratura da lâmina associada. Porém, na análise múltipla, verificou-se que a fratura da lâmina não é um fator preditivo independente para que ocorra a lesão neurológica. CONCLUSÃO: O estreitamento do canal vertebral, causado pelo fragmento ósseo da fratura, com ou sem a associação de fraturas da lâmina, nas fraturas tipo explosão na área da cauda eqüina, tem correlação direta e estatisticamente significativa com a alteração da função neurológica.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the traumatic narrowing of the spinal canal, potentially associated lamina fractures and the early neurological status of patients presenting to the hospital with burst fractures of the cauda equina area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out on 42 patients with 43 burst-type fractures of L3, L4 and L5 treated at a tertiary medical trauma center from January, 1990 to December, 2004. Results were based on comparisons made between the initial neurological deficit and the midsaggital diameter of the fractured vertebrae. RESULTS: The only predictive independent variable of the neurological deficit was the narrowing of the spinal canal (p=0.008). The average narrowing of the spinal canal was greater in patients with associated lamina fractures (p<0.001). However, multiple independent analyses did not establish lamina fractures as a predictive factor for neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, in burst fractures of the cauda equina area, the acute traumatic spinal canal narrowing, with or without associated fractures of the lamina, shows a statistically significant positive correlation with the neurological deficit.

Traumatic transverse fracture of sacrum with cauda equina injury--a case report and review of literature.

Fractures of the sacrum are rare and generally associated with fracture of the pelvis. Transverse fractures of the sacrum are even less frequent and neurological deficit may accompany these fractures. A case of transverse fracture sacrum with cauda equina injury treated by sacral laminectomy and root decompression, is reported.

Evalución y manejo del intestino neurogénico de pacientes portadores de lesión medular y cauda equina / Development of the neurogenic intestine in the patients with the lesion of the medullar and equina cauda

Baseia-se no estudo de pacientes portadores de lesäo medular e cauda equina que desenvolveräo intestino neurogênico