Diagnóstico intraoperatório de esquistossomose mansônica cerebelar pseudotumoral / Intraoperative diagnosis of pseudotumoral cerebellar neuroschistosomiasis

A esquistossomose é uma doença parasitária causada por vermes trematódios do gênero Schistosoma. Esses vermes habitam ramos da veia mesentérica inferior e, por meio da ovoposição, disseminam seus ovos por várias regiões do organismo humano. O sistema nervoso central (SNC) pode ser afetado no decorrer de qualquer forma clínica da infecção, principalmente pela embolização dos ovos ocorrida após a migração anômala dos vermes adultos para locais próximos ao tecido cerebral. No SNC, os ovos induzem reação granulomatosa periovular intensa, respondendo pela produção do efeito de massa com sinais neurológicos de aumento de pressão intracraniana. É relatado o caso de um homem de 27 anos cujo diagnóstico de esquistossomose mansônica cerebelar foi obtido pelo método de esmagamento linear (squash), durante o ato cirúrgico. Uma biópsia retal realizada posteriormente confirmou a presença de ovos viáveis de S. mansoni. No conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de neuroesquistossomose diagnosticado por esta técnica.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by trematode platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma. These worms live in branches of the inferior mesenteric vein and disseminate its eggs to several regions of the human organism through circulation. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement may occur in the development of any clinical infection, mainly by in-situ egg deposition following anomalous migration of adult worms to sites near the cerebral tissue. The presence of eggs in the CNS induces a severe periovular granulomatous reaction, which is responsible for the mass effect and the increased intracranial pressure. A case of cerebellar schistosomiasis caused by S. mansoni in a 27-year-old man is diagnosed by squash (smear) technique. A rectal biopsy performed later showed viable S. mansoni eggs. This is, probably, the first report of neuroschistosomiasis diagnosed by the squash (smear) technique.

Cerebellar Schistosomiasis: A Case Report with Clinical Analysis

The authors report here a rare case of cerebellar schistosomiasis identified by pathological diagnosis, lacking extracranial involvement. The clinical symptoms included headache, dizziness, and nausea. Studies in blood were normal and no parasite eggs were detected in stool. Computed tomography of brains showed hypodense signal, and magnetic resonance imaging showed isointense signal on T1-weighted images, hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images, and intensely enhancing nodules in the right cerebellum after intravenous administration of gadolinium. A high-grade glioma was suspected, and an operation was performed. The pathologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed schistosomal granulomas scattered within the parenchyma of the cerebellum. The definitive diagnosis was cerebellar schistosomiasis japonica. A standard use of praziquantel and corticosteroid drugs was applied, and the prognosis was good. When the pattern of imaging examinations is present as mentioned above, a diagnosis of brain schistosomiasis should be considered.

Esquistossomose cerebelar: relato de caso / Cerebellar schistosomiasis. A case report

Os autores relatam um caso raro de granuloma esquistossomótico no cerebelo removido completamente através de técnicas microcirúrgicas e tratado ulteriormente com oxaminiquine. Alguns aspectos etiopatogênicos assim como clínicos, neuradiológicos e cirúrgicos säo comentados