Effect of alcoholic beverages on progeny and reproduction of mice

ABSTRACT Alcohol is the most commonly consumed substance in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of alcoholic beverages on male reproduction and possible alterations in their offspring. The mice were divided into 4 groups: beer, wine, cachaça (a type of sugarcane rum), with ethanol concentrations of 1.9 g/kg, and control group treated with PBS. The treatment period was 35 days. The animals which received cachaça, demonstrated significant weight loss in the testes and epididymis. The alcoholic beverages promoted significant testosterone level and fertilization index diminution, and morphological alterations in the spermatozoa. The beer group presented decreased implantation sites and a high frequency of dominant lethal. The number of reabsorptions in the wine group was increased. The fermented beverages presented higher potential to induce visceral malformations, while the cachaça caused fetal skeletal malformations. The cachaça treated group presented a negative impact on semen quality and fertilization potential. The treatment with different alcoholic beverages, during spermatogenesis, demonstrated contrasting degrees of induction of toxic effects, interfering in a general aspect in male reproductive performance, fetal viability during intrauterine life, and birth defects. From the data, it is possible to infer that the distillated beverage caused more harmful effects to reproduction in this study.

Entendendo a pesquisa clínica IV: estudos de caso controle / Understanding the clinical research IV: case-control studies

O desenho de um estudo pode ser definido como a forma em que se incluem e comparam os sujeitos da pesquisa com determinadas características. Os estudos são divididos habitualmente em experimentais e não experimentais (observacionais), onde a diferença está na possibilidade do investigador ter ou não controle sobre a exposição de um fator (agente etiológico ou terapêutico). Nos concentraremos aqui no estudo de caso-controle. Um estudo caso-controle é um estudo observacional para determinar se uma exposição está associada com um desfecho. De maneira simplificada, identificar um grupo conhecido por ter o desfecho (casos) e um grupo conhecido por não tê-lo (controles), olhando para trás no tempo para saber quais indivíduos em cada grupo tiveram a exposição e comparar a frequência da exposição no grupo caso com o grupo controle.(AU)

The study design can be defined as the way in which they include and compare the subjects participant with certain characteristics. The studies are usually classified as experimental and non-experimental (observational), whose difference is the possibility of the researcher to control the exposure of a factor (etiological or therapeutic agent). We will focus here on the case-control study. The cohort study is an observational study designed to help determine if an exposure is associated with an outcome. In short words, the case-control study identify a group known to have the outcome (cases) and a group known to be free of the outcome (controls). It looks back in time to learn which subjects in each group had the exposure and compare the frequency of the exposure in the case group to the control group.(AU)