Rapamycin Combined with α-Cyanoacrylate Contributes to Inhibiting Intimal Hyperplasia in Rat Models / Rapamicina em Combinação com α-Cianoacrilato Contribui à Inibição de Hiperplasia Intimal em Modelos em Ratos

Abstract Background: Vein graft restenosis has an adverse impact on bridge vessel circulation and patient prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting. Objectives: We used the extravascular supporter α-cyanoacrylate (α-CA), the local application rapamycin/sirolimus (RPM), and a combination of the two (α-CA-RPM) in rat models of autogenous vein graft to stimulate vein graft change. The aim of our study was to observe the effect of α-CA, RPM, and α-CA-RPM on vein hyperplasia. Methods: Fifty healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into the following 5 groups: sham, control, α-CA, RPM, and α-CA-RPM. Operating procedure as subsequently described was used to build models of grafted rat jugular vein on carotid artery on one side. The level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Grafted veins were observed via naked eye 4 weeks later; fresh veins were observed via microscope and image-processing software in hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry after having been fixed and stored" (i.e. First they were fixed and stored, and second they were observed); α-Smooth Muscle Actin (αSMA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparisons were made with single-factor analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: We found that intimal thickness of the α-CA, RPM, and α-CA-RPM groups was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01), and the thickness of the α-CA-RPM group was notably lower than that of the α-CA and RPM groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: RPM combined with α-CA contributes to inhibiting intimal hyperplasia in rat models and is more effective for vascular patency than individual use of either α-CA or RPM.

Resumo Fundamento: Reestenose de enxertos venosos tem um impacto adverso na circulação de pontagens e no prognóstico de pacientes após a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica. Objetivos: Nós utilizamos α-cianoacrilato (α-CA) como suporte extravascular, rapamicina/sirolimus (RPM) como aplicação local e a combinação dos dois (α-CA-RPM) em modelos de enxerto venoso autógeno em ratos para estimular mudança no enxerto venoso. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi observar o efeito de α-CA, RPM e α-CA-RPM na hiperplasia venosa. Métodos: Cinquenta ratos Sprague Dawley (SD) saudáveis foram randomizados nos 5 grupos seguintes: sham, controle, α-CA, RPM e α-CA-RPM. O procedimento operacional descrito subsequentemente foi utilizado para construir modelos de enxertos da veia jugular na artéria carótida em ratos, em um lado. O nível de endotelina-1 (ET-1) foi determinado por ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA). As veias enxertadas foram observadas a olho nu 4 semanas após; as veias frescas foram observadas via microscópio e software de processamento de imagem com coloração hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e imuno-histoquímica depois de serem fixadas e armazenadas; α-actina do músculo liso (αSMA) e o fator de von Willebrand (vWF) foram medidos com reação em cadeia da polimerase-transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR). Realizaram-se as comparações com análise de variância de fator único (ANOVA) e o teste de diferença mínima significativa (LSD) de Fisher, com p < 0,05 sendo considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Nós achamos que a espessura intimal nos grupos α-CA, RPM e α-CA-RPM era menor que no grupo controle (p < 0,01) e a espessura no grupo α-CA-RPM era notavelmente menor que nos grupos α-CA e RPM (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A combinação de RPM e α-CA contribui à inibição de hiperplasia em modelos em ratos e é mais efetivo para patência vascular que uso individual de α-CA ou RPM.

Efeito de cianoacrilatos e adesivo tissular a base de veneno de cobra na citotoxicidade sobre fibroblastos gengivais e estresse oxidativo sobre células do biofilme de C. albicans / Effect cyanoacrylate and snake venom tissue adhesive on cytotoxicity of gingival fibroblasts and oxidative stress of C. albicans biofilms

A estomatite protética é uma patologia que acomete muitos usuários de prótese total. Um dos principais fatores da sua etiologia é a fácil adesão de microrganismos, como a Candida albicans, à resina acrílica, principalmente devido às características de superfície facilitadoras deste material. Por esta razão, estuda-se materiais que possam modificar as características de superfície da resina acrílica sem alterar as suas propriedades mecânicas. A investigação das propriedades desses materiais, como a biocompatibilidade e como eles influenciam as células de C. albicans, é de extrema importância para uma futura aplicação clínica. Dessa forma, a proposta desta pesquisa foi avaliar a citotoxicidade sobre fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FGH) e o estresse oxidativo causado em células de C. albicans por 6 produtos (etil-cianoacrilato convencional -ECAc; etil-cianoacrilato em forma de gel formulação a -ECAga; etil-cianoacrilato em forma de gel formulação b -ECAgb; butil-cianoacrilato - BCA; octil-cianoacrilato OCA; selante tissular a base de veneno de cobra-VC;), que quando aplicados na superfície da resina acrílica, modificam suas características de superfície, visando diminuir a formação do biofilme de C. albicans. Espécimes de resina acrílica foram confeccionados e duas camadas de cada produto foram aplicadas nas superfícies. Cada espécime foi deixado em 1, 066 mL de meio de cultura durante 24 horas para extração e utilização do meio condicionado para os dois ensaios. Para a investigação da citotoxicidade, os FGH foram cultivados em placas de 96 poços, meios condicionado de cada grupo foram depositados em cada poço onde permaneceram em contato por 24, 48 e 72 h. Após o processamento para o ensaio de MTT as placas foram analisadas em espectrofotômetro a 500 nm. Foram realizados quatro experimentos independentes em triplicata (n=12). Para a investigação de estresse oxidativo (ERO) causado em C. albicans, biofilme foi desenvolvido em placas de 96 poços durante 24 h. Então, os meios condicionados foram adicionados aos poços e a placa foi mantida em agitadora durante 1 h. Após a retirada dos meios condicionados, foi adicionado a cada poço o reagente CellRox® Deep Red e leituras foram realizadas a cada 30 min durante 3 h em fluorímetro a 640/665nm. Amostras foram coletadas e ensaio de cultura microbiológica foi executado para a realização da normalização dos valores. Foram realizados 3 experimentos independentes em triplicata (n=9). Os resultados obtidos pelo ensaio MTT foram analisados por meio de ANOVA a 2 critérios, seguido pelo teste Tukey para a comparação entre grupos (p<0,05). Para o ensaio ROS, a análise estatística realizada foi ANOVA a 1 critério, seguida, igualmente, por Tukey (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que todos os grupos apresentaram certo grau de citotoxicidade quando comparados ao controle, com exceção do VC (ECAc

Denture stomatitis is a disease that affects many denture wearers. One of the main factors of its cause is the easy adhesion of microorganisms, such as Candida albicans, to acrylic resin, mainly due to its permissive surface characteristics. For this reason, materials that can modify surface characteristics of acrylic resin without changing its mechanical properties are being studied. The investigation of these materials features, such as biocompatibility and how they affect Candida albicans, is of utmost importance for future clinical application. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and oxidative stress in C. albicans cells after contact with 6 experimental products (conventional ethyl-cyanoacrylate -ECAc; ethyl-cyanoacrylate in gel formulation "a" -ECAga; ethyl-cyanoacrylate in gel formulation "b" -ECAgb; butyl- cyanoacrylate - BCA; octyl-cyanoacrylate -OCA; tissue adhesive based on snake venom -VC) applied to the surface of the resin acrylic, modifying its surface characteristics, in order to decrease C. albicans biofilm formation. Acrylic resin specimens were manufactured and two layers of each product were applied to the surfaces. Each specimen was immersed in 1,066 mL of growth media for 24 hours for extraction and the resulting conditioned media were used for both tests. To investigate cytotoxicity, HGF were cultured in 96-well plates and conditioned media from each group were deposited into each well, where they remained in contact for 24, 48 and 72h. After the MTT assay processing, plates were analyzed in a spectrophotometer at 500 nm. Four independent experiments were performed in triplicate (n=12). To investigate oxidative stress (ROS), C. albicans biofilm was developed in 96-well plates for 24 h, conditioned media were added to the wells and the plate was allowed to stir for 1 h. Then, conditioned media were removed and CellRox® Deep Red reagent was added to each well. Readings were performed every 30 min for 3 h in fluorometer at 640/665nm. Samples were collected and microbiological culture test was executed to values normalization. Three independent experiments were performed in triplicate (n=9). Results obtained in MTT assay were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for comparison between groups (p<0.05). for comparison between groups (p<0.05). For ROS results, one-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey test, as well (p<0.05). The results showed that all groups presented different degrees of cytotoxicity when compared to control group, except for VC (ECAc

A Comparison of 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesives versus Conventional Suture Materials for Eyelid Wound Closure in Rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and histopathological tolerance of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate versus conventional suture materials for eyelid wound closure in rabbits. METHODS: We performed an experimental study on 16 eyes of eight New Zealand albino rabbits. Eyelid incisions of 15 mm were done 4mm from the upper eyelid margin in both eyes. The eyes of the rabbits were divided into two groups: eyelid incisions of the right eye were closed by a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive (group A) and eyelid incisions of the left eye were closed by 7-0 nylon sutures (group B). At 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were macroscopically examined and then sacrificed. The specimens of their eyelid tissues were stained by a hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson-trichrome stain, and were observed under microscope. RESULTS: Both eyelid surgical closure methods were found to be equally efficacious in fixing the eyelids of groups A and B, and their clinical efficacy was similar. Histopathological findings of the hematoxylin and eosin stain of group A showed less inflammatory infiltration than group B at 2 weeks. There were no significant histopathological differences between the two groups at 1, 4, and 8 weeks. The degree of fibrosis of the Masson-trichrome stain was similar between the two groups at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive proved to be an effective eyelid closure method and was very well tolerated by the skin surface. 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate could be used as an alternative tissue adhesive for eyelid wound closure along with conventional suture materials.

Antibacterial properties of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive: Does the polymerization reaction play a role.

Purpose: To ascertain if the polymerization reaction also contributes additionally to the antibacterial effects of two commonly used cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. Materials and Methods: Fresh liquid ethyl-cyanoacrylate (EC) and N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (BC) adhesives were applied onto 6-mm sterile filter paper discs. In the first group, the adhesive-soaked discs were immediately placed onto confluent monolayer cultures of bacteria, allowing the polymerization reaction to proceed while in culture. In the second group, the adhesive-soaked disc was allowed to first polymerize prior to being placed onto the bacterial cultures. Four types of bacteria were studied: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Immediately after the discs were applied, the cultures were incubated at 35° C for 24 h. Bacterial inhibitory halos were measured in the cultures at the end of the incubation period. Results: For EC, exposure of the bacteria to the cyanoacrylate polymerization reaction increased the bacterial inhibitory halos in Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. For BC, it increased the bacterial inhibitory halos in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. No inhibitory halos were observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bactericidal effect was higher in actively polymerizing EC, compared to previously polymerized EC in Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli; however, no such differences were observed for BC. Conclusions: The polymerization reaction may also be an important factor in the antibacterial properties of EC and BC.

Cierre de los puertos en cirugía laparoscópica utilizando un derivado adhesivo del cianocrilato: resultado de 100 casos iniciales / Trocar incisions clorure in laparoscopic surgery, using a cyanocrylate's derivate adhesive: results in 100 initial cases

En 1959 se descubrieron los adhesivos tisulares compuestos por cianocrilato, desde ese momento han sido estudiados en múltiples especialidades. Debido a la histotoxicidad y a un probable efecto carcinogénico, su uso estuvo reducido. El interés por un mejor resultado cosmético en la cirugía laparoscópica ha desarrollado nuevas técnicas más dificultosas utilizando instrumentos pequeños, menores de 5 mm con la idea de mejorar los resultados de la cicatrización. El propósito de este estudio ha sido el de evaluar el mejor resultado cosmético y la cicatriz en la cirugía laparoscópica utilizando los adhesivos derivados del cianocrilato. Decidimos realizar un estudio prospectivo usando un adhesivo de piel tipo octil-cianocrilato (Dermabond®). En 100 pacientes consecutivos que fueron sometidos a diferentes procedimientos laparoscópicos, utilizamos el adhesivo para cerrar las incisiones de los trócares en un total de 374 heridas. Para evaluar el adhesivo octal-cianocrilato diseñamos una tabla de datos que incluía dehiscencia, toxicidad, ventajas, desventajas aceptación del paciente y mejoría cosmética. Se tomaron fotos inmediatamente después de la cirugía, 24 hrs; 7 días 3 semanas, y 6 semanas del post-operatorio. Hubo un 57 por ciento de pacientes femeninas Rango edad: 18 a 63 años, media: 35a. Procedimientos laparoscópicos colecistectomía laparoscópica: 52 por ciento; apendicectomía: 23 por ciento; ginecológicos; 12 por ciento operación de Nissen 5 por ciento y otros procedimientos laparoscópicos 8 por ciento. No se presentó dehiscencia en 95.7 por ciento; dehiscencia parcial 1,6 por ciento (6 incisiones). No se observó toxicidad. Ventajas fácil uso, no dolor, no se utilizaron apósitos adicionales. Desventajas hemostasia cuidadosa para prevenir acumulación de sangre y coágulos en capa. La aceptación del paciente fue del 100 por ciento. Este es probablemente un pequeño grupo de pacientes, pero encontramosa un mejor resultado cosmético utilizando el adhesivop de piel.

Histologic evaluation of pulpotomy performed with ethyl-cyanoacrylate and calcium hydroxide / Avaliação histológica de pulpotomia realizada com etil-cianoacrilato e com hidróxido de cálcio

The aim of this study was to evaluate histological aspects of the pulp-dentin complex of dogs submitted to pulpotomy and capped with ethyl-cyanoacrylate and calcium hydroxide. Thirty dog teeth were divided into 2 groups of 15 as follows: Group 1 - ethyl-cyanoacrylate; Group 2 - calcium hydroxide. The pulpotomies were carried out following all of the treatment precautions recommended for dogs. After 30 days the specimens were submitted to histological preparation and were then blindly evaluated by a histologist. Data were analyzed statistically by the Fisher exact test, comparing the two groups. After 30 days, the presence of a hard tissue barrier was observed in 83.3 percent of Group 1, and in 100 percent of Group 2 (p = 0.478). A continuous hard tissue barrier was observed in 50 percent of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate group and 75 percent of the calcium hydroxide group (p = 0.652). It can be concluded that both materials induced hard tissue barrier formation, but Group 2 had a higher percentage than Group 1, with no significant statistical differences; the differences observed between the different barriers (continuous/non-continuous) were not significant between groups and there was no pulpal necrosis in either group.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o aspecto histológico do complexo dentino-pulpar de cachorros quando capeado após a pulpotomia com etil-cianoacrilato e hidróxido de cálcio. Trinta dentes de cães foram divididos em 2 grupos de 15 da seguinte forma: Grupo 1 - Etil-cianoacrilato; Grupo 2 - Hidróxido de cálcio. A pesquisa foi realizada tomando-se todos os cuidados recomendados para o tratamento com os cães. Após 30 dias do procedimento realizado os espécimes foram submetidos ao preparo histológico e logo após foram avaliados de forma cega por um histologista. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente através do Teste Exato de Fisher. No grupo 1, 83,3 por cento e no grupo 2, 100 por cento dos dentes apresentaram a barreira de tecido duro (p = 0,478). A barreira de tecido duro contínua foi observada em 50 por cento dos casos tratados com etil-cianoacrilato e em 75 por cento dos com hidróxido de cálcio (p = 0,652). Pode-se concluir que tanto o grupo 1 como o grupo 2 induziram a formação da barreira de tecido duro, porém o grupo 2 teve um percentual maior do que o grupo 1, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante; a diferença observada entre as estruturas das barreiras (contínuas e não-contínuas) não foi significante. A necrose pulpar não foi observada em nenhum grupo.

Hemorragia por várices esofagogástricas: experiencia con cianoacrilato y polidocanol en 68 pacientes con hemorragia activa / Hemorrhage by esophageal gastric varices: experience with cianoacrylate and polidocanol in 68 patients

Background: Sclerosis, injection of cianoacrylate and rubber band ligation are the most commonly used endoscopic techniques for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of cianoacrylate and polidocanol in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Patients and methods: Sixty eight patients with active variceal bleeding were studied. Bleeding varices were classified as thin, thick or gastric. Bleeding from thin varices was treated with polidocanol. Bleeding from thick or gastric varices was treated with cianoacrylate. Variceal erradication was done with polidocanol. Results: Bleeding came from thin esophageal varices in 23 percent of patients and endoscopic treatment stopped bleeding in 95 percent of them, from thick esophageal varices in 62 percent and endoscopic treatment was successful in 94 percent of these, and from gastric varices in 12 percent and treatment stopped bleeding in 87 percent of these (in 3 percent bleeding was considered subcardial). Twenty five percent of patients bled again during variceal erradication, 12 percent died due to uncontrollable bleeding and 20 percent died due to liver failure. During variceal erradication 59 percent of patients classified as Child Pugh C, died. Conclusions: Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices with cianoacrylate or polidocanol is effective. Patients classified as Child Pugh C have a bad prognosis