Effect of scopolamine on the acute severe chlorphenamidine poisoning patients / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate effectiveness of scopolamine on the acute severe chlorphenamidine poisoning patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>72 cases of acute severe chlorphenamidine poisoning patients were divided into I and II groups by the principle of a 1:1 sampling according to the order of admission. The I group (36 cases) were treated with traditional multimodality therapy, including gastrolavage, catharsis, using reductant-oxidant (methylthioninium chloride and vitamin C), and symptomatic treatment. The II group were treated with traditional multimodality therapy and scopolamine at the same times. Blood methemoglobin were measured at 0, third, seventh, twelfth, twenty-fourth hour, serum troponin I (CTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels at third, seventh, twenty-fourth, forty-eighth hour, hepatic and renal functions at third, twenty-fourth, forty-eighth hour, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were evaluated every 4 hours in 3 days after hospitalization on all patients. The two groups of patients were compared the efficacy and change detection of targets.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>31 patients (86.11%) recovered and 5 patients (13.89%) died in I group. All 36 cases recovered in II group. The recovery rate of II group was distinctively higher than that in I group (P < 0.05) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The average recovery time and the length of hospital stay in II group were sharply shorter than those in I group (P < 0.01) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Serum CTnI levels between seventh hour and forty-eighth hour, serum CK-MB levels between third hour and forty-eighth hour and methemoglobin concentration at third, seventh, twelfth, twenty-fourth hour were apparently lower in II group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of hepatic and renal functions in II group were distinctively lower than those in I group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of ECG in the second and third day in II group were respectively 38.89% and 11.11%, and were lower than those in I group (64.71%, 38.71%). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Scopolamine has the excellent treatment effect on acute severe chlorphenamidine poisoning patients and protec their hearts, livers, and kidneys. It complements the deficiency of reductant-oxidants, and combination of the two drugs can form the synergy effect.</p>

role of central endogenous histamine and H[1], H[2] and H[3] receptors on food intake in broiler chickens

The role of endogenous histamine and H[1], H[2] and H[3] central receptors on food intake in broiler chickens was investigated. For this purpose, a probe was used to manipulate the concentration of endogenous histamine by intracerebroventricular [ICV] injection of thioperamide, an H[3] receptor antagonist, and R-alpha-methylhistamine, an H[3] receptor agonist and subsequently the effects of brain histaminergic system on food intake was assessed. Moreover, to determine the receptors involved in histamine-induced feeding behaviour changes, H[1], and H2 blockers were administered to thioperamide-treated chickens. Injection of thioperamide [600 and 300 nmol] decreased food intake dose-dependently [P<0.05]. On the contrary, ICV injection of R-alphamethylhistamine [400 and 200 nmol] increased food intake [P<0.05]. Chlorpheniramine [128 and 256 nmol], a H[1] receptor antagonist, increased food intake [P<0.05]. Famotidine, a H[2] receptor antagonist at 74 or 148 nmol had no effect on food intake but at 296 nmol significantly decreased food intake [P<0.05]. Pretreatment with chlorpheniramine [256 nmol] significantly attenuated thioperamide effects [600 nmol] on food intake [P<0.05]. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that histamine exerts anorexigenic effects through H[1], but not H[2] receptors in broiler chickens. Furthermore, it was shown that thioperamide through stimulation of synthesis and release of endogenous neuronal histamine can decrease food intake in broiler chickens

Effects of treatment with redox agent, blood transfusion and scopolamine on 200 patients with severe chlorphenamidine poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the effects of treatment with blood transfusion and scopolamine on severe chlorphenamidine poisoning (SCP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>400 patients with severe oral chlorphenamidine poisoning were randomly divided into two groups. 200 patients (Group I) were treated with the traditional combined therapy including gastrolavage, purgation and taking redox agent (methylene blue and vitamin C) while the other 200 patients (Group II) in addition to the above mentioned therapy, received blood transfusion and scopolamine injection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cure rate of Group II was 99.5% and significantly higher than that of Group I (91.0%, P < 0.01). The average time of improving in health in Group II [(8.71 +/- 1.49) h] was obviously shorter than those in Group I [(10.65 +/- 1.72) h, P < 0.01]. Blood methemoglobin concentrations in Group II at 3, 7, 12, 24 h after admission [(43.58 +/- 2.69), (34.21 +/- 2.30), (20.60 +/- 4.03), (13.50 +/- 1.65) g/L respectively] were obviously lower than those in Group I [(54.42 +/- 12.79), (42.17 +/- 22.34), (30.66 +/- 17.67), (19.01 +/- 0.61) g/L respectively, P < 0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood transfusion and scopolamine had distinctive therapeutic effect on SCP to makeup the deficiency of redox agent. Combination of three therapies may potentiate the detoxication for chlorphenamidine.</p>