Colecistostomía en tiempos de COVID-19 / Cholecystostomy in COVID-19 Times

Introducción: Con el advenimiento de la pandemia por la enfermedad de la COVID-19 ha sido necesario reorganizar los servicios de salud y modificar en cierta medida la indicación quirúrgica en la colecistitis aguda. Objetivo: Caracterizar la colecistostomía como una alternativa segura y eficaz para la resolución de la colecistitis aguda litiásica en pacientes en los que no está indicada la cirugía, portador o no de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión descriptiva narrativa desde el 2019 hasta el 2021 de las fuentes primarias y secundarias que abordan este tema; fue este período de tiempo en el que se desarrolló la pandemia provocada por SARS-Cov 2. Se usaron el Google Chrome y las bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE/PubMed, INDEXMEDICUS y fuentes de información en revistas basadas en evidencias como ACP Journal Best Evidence y Cochrane. Desarrollo: El impacto de la crisis sanitaria sobre los servicios quirúrgicos se traduce en la cancelación de las colecistectomías electivas en el 97,6 por ciento de los centros. Esta decisión no es inocua, puesto que se ha estimado un riesgo anual de desarrollar complicaciones del 1-3 por ciento en la colelitiasis sintomática. Conclusiones: La colecistostomía es el método más acertado a utilizar para la resolución de la colecistitis aguda litiásica en pacientes en los que no está indicada la cirugía, con mala respuesta al tratamiento médico y sin tener la completa seguridad de que el paciente es o no portador de la COVID-19(AU)

Introduction: With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, to reorganize health services has been necessary, as well as to modify, to a certain extent, the surgical indication for acute cholecystitis. Objective: To characterize cholecystostomy as a safe and effective alternative for the resolution of acute lithiasic cholecystitis in patients with no surgical indication, whether or not they have COVID-19. Methods: A narrative-descriptive review was carried out from 2019 to 2021 of primary and secondary sources addressing this topic; this time period marked the development of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Google Chrome was used, together with the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and INDEXMEDICUS, as well as sources of information in evidence-based journals, such as ACP Journal Best Evidence and Cochrane. Development: The impact of the health crisis over surgical services is translated into the cancellation of elective cholecystectomies in 97.6 percent of the centers. This decision is not innocuous, since an annual risk of developing complications has been estimated at 1-3 percent for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Conclusions: Cholecystostomy is the most successful method to be used for the resolution of acute lithiasic cholecystitis in patients with no surgical indication or poor response to medical treatment, without complete certainty as to whether or not the patient has COVID-19(AU)

Ascaris lumbricoides, causa de la colecistitis aguda en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital "Alfredo Noboa Montenegro", 2018 / Ascaris lumbricoides, cause of acute cholecystitis in the emergency service of the "Alfredo Noboa Montenegro" Hospital, 2018

Ascaris lumbricoides provoca una de las helmintiasis más frecuentes en los países tropicales, pudiendo producir efectos patológicos en cualquier parte del organismo, siendo los conductos biliales uno de los sitios recurrentes provocando una colecistitis aguda. La CA es una de las principales causas de ingreso al servicio de Emergencia, es una inflamación de la vesícula cuyo diagnóstico oportuno es de vital importancia para la prevención de complicaciones. Por tal razón, determinar la frecuencia de las variables clínicas, de laboratorio y ecográficas, su relación con las comorbilidades asociadas a las características demográficas de los pacientes y el nivel de severidad de la colecistitis aguda causada por la A. lumbricoides de las Guías de Tokio 2018 del Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Alfredo Noboa Montenegro durante el periodo junio - diciembre 2018, para la elaboración de un esquema diagnóstico. La metodología de investigación fue cuantitativa descriptiva de corte transversal. Dentro de los principales hallazgos, el CA aparece con prevalencia en el género femenino en un 69,41%, promedio de edad de 32 a 45 años, el 10% de 170 pacientes presentaron en su ecografía una forma parasitaria compatible con A. Lumbricoides, los resultados clínicos arrojaron presencia de dolor (67,34%), fiebre (68,65%), náuseas (45,93%); en los laboratorio la Proteína C Reactiva estuvo aumenta en el 94,18% de los casos, en imagenología se refleja presencia de líquido pericolecistico en un 78,82% y un engrosamiento de pared vesicular en un 34,12%. El nivel de severidad registrado según los criterios de las guías de Tokio 2018 fue grado I 35,3%, grado II 47,1% y grado III 17,6%. Se recomienda la estructuración de un esquema diagnóstico oportuno de colecistitis aguda causada por A. Lumbricoides(AU)

Ascaris lumbricoides causes one of the most frequent helminthiases in tropical countries, being able to produce pathological effects in any part of the body, being the bile ducts one of the recurrent sites causing acute cholecystitis. AC is one of the main causes of admission to the Emergency service, it is an inflammation of the gallbladder whose timely diagnosis is of vital importance for the prevention of complications. signs and symptoms, the timely diagnosis is of vital importance for the prevention of complications. For this reason, determine the frequency of clinical, laboratory and ultrasound variables, their relationship with the comorbidities associated with the demographic characteristics of the patients and the level of severity of acute cholecystitis cause of A. lumbricoides of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 of the Hospital Emergency Service Alfredo Noboa Montenegro during the period June - December 2018, for the elaboration of a diagnostic scheme. The research methodology was quantitative cross-sectional descriptive. Among the main findings that were prevailed in the female gender in 69,41%, average age from 32 to 45 years, 10% of 170 patients presented in their ultrasound a parasitic form compatible with A. lumbricoides, clinical results that prevailed was presence of pain (67.34%), fever (68.65%), nausea (45.93%); in the laboratory findings the C Reactive Protein was increased in 94,18% of cases, in imaging the presence of pericolecist fluid is reflected in 78,82% and a thickening of the vesicular wall in 34,12%. The severity level recorded according to the criteria of the Tokyo 2018 guidelines was grade I 43,53%, grade II 48,24% and grade III 8,24%. The structuring of a timely diagnostic scheme for acute cholecystitis cause of A. lumbricoides is recommended(AU)

Acute cholecystitis from typhic origin in children

Background: To evaluate the particularities of typhoid cholecystitis in children. Materials and Methods: This was a 5-year prospective study of typhoid cholecystitis in children under 15 years old at Djougou and Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital. The diagnosis of typhoid cholecystitis was based on clinical and investigation findings; confirmed by operative findings at cholecystectomy. Results: Six children with typhoid acalculous cholecystitis were treated over a five-year period (4 males and 2 females). Their ages ranged from five to 13 years (median 8.8 years). The mean duration of symptoms was six to 21 days. The clinical signs were fever; abdominal pain; which predominated at the right upper abdominal quadrant; and type II Hackett splenomegaly. The diagnosis was confirmed by a positive Widal's test and Salmonella typhi isolation from the culture in all patients; four patients had ultrasound evidence of acalculous cholecystitis. Open cholecystectomy was successful in the six cases. The operative findings were gangrene (3); perforation (2) and empyema (1). All the patients made an uneventful recovery; and have remained symptom free one and three months on follow-up. Conclusion: Typhoid acalculous cholecystitis is a frequent complication in children. Late presentation and diagnosis is associated with complications. Cholecystectomy in association with antibiotic is the treatment of choice

A Case of Acute Cholecystitis Secondary to Hemobilia after Percutaneous Liver Biopsy / 대한소화기학회지

Percutaneous liver biopsy is well established for the diagnosis and follow-up of many liver diseases. Although it is rather safe, major complications, such as bleeding into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity, hemobilia, enteric perforation and intrahepatic hematoma, have been reported related to the procedure. Recently, incidence of such major complications has been decreased since the introduction of ultrasonography-guided liver biopsy. We report a case of 59-year-old female patient with acute cholecystitis secondary to hemobilia 2 days after ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver biopsy.

Cirugía videolaparoscópica en urgencias / Video-assisted laparoscopic surgery in emergencies

Se realizó un estudio transversal, prospectivo, y descriptivo de los pacientes intervenidos de urgencia por la técnica videolaparoscópica, en el período comprendido desde octubre de 1995 hasta marzo 2001. Fueron intervenidos por esta vía de acceso 151 pacientes. Las enfermedades tratadas fueron colecistitis aguda (45,7 por ciento), apendicitis aguda (37,8 (por ciento), ginecológicas y de otro tipo (12,6 y 3,9 por ciento) respectivamente). El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 45 min. El índice de conversión (presente solo en las colecistectomías) fue 3,8 (por ciento). Las complicaciones trans y posoperatorias estuvieron presentes en el 8,6 y 2,6 (por ciento) respectivamente. No hubo fallecidos. Nuestra experiencia indica que la cirugía videolaparoscópica es un excelente proceder de tratamiento en muchas enfermedades quirúrgicas urgentes(AU)

A cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive study of the patients that underwent emergency surgery by the video-assisted laparoscopic technique, from October, 1995, to March, 2001, was conducted. 151 patients were operated on by using this procedure. The diseases treated were acute cholecystitis (45.7 percent), acute appendicitis (37.8 percent), gynecological diseases and of other type (12.6 and 3.9 percent, respectively). The average surgical time was 45 min. The conversion index (only present in colecystectomies) was 3.8 percent. The trans- and postoperative complications were observed in 8.6 and 2.6 percent, respectively. There were no deaths. Our experience shows that the video-assisted laparoscopic surgery is an excellent procedure to treat many emergency surgical diseases(AU)