Toxic effects of five insecticides and their mixture on male albino rats

Five insecticides namely; abamectin, carbosulfan, fenpropathrin, methomyl and profenofos were given by gavages to male albino rats. These insecticides were administered daily for 28 days with doses equaled 1/20 LD 50 either singly or in a mixture of all the insecticides together. The study revealed significant decreases in body and kidneys weights, while increases in liver weights in all the treatments. Most of the treatments induced significant elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], while caused decreases in acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activities. Fenpropathrin and the mixture induced significant increase in total protein content of the serum, while the other treatments induced significant decreases. Creatinine concentrations recorded significant elevations in fenpropathrin and methomyl treatments, while significant decrease in case of Profenofos. Degenerative changes and granularity of hepatocytes with Kupffer cells activation were observed in the treatments with the mixture or and methomyl. Shrinking in Bowman's capsule and degenerative changes of epithelium lining renal tubules were observed in rats treated with the mixture. Moreover, necrotic changes associated with desquamation of epithelium lining tubules were shown in rats treated with the mixture, fenpropathrin and methomyl. From the biochemical data, the joint action was estimated for the mixture composed of the five insecticides. The mixture interacts antagonistically with most of the measured biochemical parameters

high dose cytarabine with dexamethasone and cisplatin [DHAP] solve the problem of patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Between 2001 and 2002, 56 patients with refractory or relapsing non-Hodgkin lymphoma after prior anthracycline based chemotherapy were treated with DHAP [dexamethasone, high dose cytarabine and cisplatin]. After 6 cycles, 28.8% of patients [16/56] achieved complete response, while 58.9% [33/56] attained partial response. The overall survival at 2 years was 25%. Myelosuppression was the major toxicity; 24 patients [42.85%] had grade IV neutropenia and 39 patients [69.64%] had grade III-IV thrombocytopenia, but there was no treatment-related death. DHAP regimen is an effective salvage therapy for the patients with relapsed and refractory NHL, but the response duration time is short and long-term prognosis remains poor; high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation is necessary for improvement in long-term survival

Comparative toxicological interaction study of clonidine and clomipramine in albino rats

The present work was deigned to study some of the side effects of one ofcentrally acting antihypertensives [clonidine] and one of the tricyclicantidepressants [clomipramine] and evaluate the interaction between them,particularly on the liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system for 60 days. 192adult rats of both sexes were used and divided into four equal groups [control[GI], clonidine [G2], clomipramine [G3] and clonidine and clomipramine [G4]]. Several blood samples from animals sacrificed at successive 2 weeks interval were taken for the quantitative determination of alanine amino transferase [ALT] and aspartate amino transferase [AST], reflecting any disturbance in the liverfunction. Kidney functions were also determine by the estimation of bloodurea and serum creatinine. In addition, blood pressure rate and ECGestimation were done at the same intervals. It could be concluded that therapy with clonidine and clomipramine should be controlled by regular assessment of the liver and renal function tests. Also, ECG was recommended for following up the long-term therapy. This study also recommended to avoid their combination in hypertensive patients with depression

Preliminary toxicological evaluation of salicyl hydroxamic acid in rats and dogs

Salicyl hydroxamic acid [SHAM] has been found to prevent and treat urinary stones caused by urea splitting hacteria. The present work aims at delineation of its acute toxicity in rats and dogs and its organotropic toxic potential in rats. The obtained results showed that in rats, the oral LD50 of SHAM was 5.0 [3.74 - 7.20] g/kg, while the i.p. LD50 was 0.60 [0.44 - 0.82] g/kg. Administration of 1800 mg.i.p. in dogs resulted in reversible allergic-like skin reactions. The 90 days oral toxicity study of 200 and 500 mg/kg in rats resulted in increased body weight and fluctuations in blood glucose, in addition to hepatic, renal, splenic, and cardiac toxicological and biochemical reactions. Subacute exposure to SHAM in rats has resulted in significant changes in brain amino acid neurotransmitters and an immunosuppressant effect on serum IgG. The obtained results rate are to be utilized for planning of the full preclinical toxicological evaluations