Costos de la enfermedad por Bordetella pertussis en hospitales terciarios de la Argentina / Cost of Bordetella pertussis illness in tertiary hospitals in Argentina

La Comisión Nacional de Inmunizaciones y el ProNaCEI (Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles) actualizaron la política de vacunación por Bordetella pertussis (BP) a partir del año 2009 con el objetivo de optimizar el control de esta enfermedad, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales. Para evaluar el impacto económico de esta nueva política de vacunación resulta necesario conocer inicialmente el costo que implica para el sistema de salud un niño internado o ambulatorio con infección por BP. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfl de costos en niños internados o tratados ambulatoriamente, con infección confrmada por laboratorio de BP en tres hospitales de la Argentina. Estudio prospectivo de costo de la enfermedad durante el período diciembre de 2010 a marzo de 2012. Resultados. El costo total para toda la cohorte fue de 1 170 663,32 pesos (236 497,64 dólares); los costos médicos directos, de 1 124 052,31 pesos (227 081,27 dólares); los costos indirectos y gastos de bolsillo, de 46611 pesos (9 416,36 dólares), lo que permite inferir un costo total promedio por paciente de 10 546,52 pesos (IC 95% 9009 a 13 840) (2130,60 dólares, IC 95% 1820 a 2795), costos médicos directos por paciente de 10 126,6 pesos (IC 95% 8607 a 13 171) (2045,77 dólares, IC 95%1738 a 2660) y costos indirectos más de bolsillo (viajes y extras) de 419,92 pesos (IC 95% 344,7 a 565,3), (84 dólares, IC 95% 69 a 115). Conclusión. El costo de un caso confrmado hospitalizado por BP es 10 546,52 pesos (IC 95% 9009 a 13 840) (2130,60 dólares, IC 95% 1820 a 2795). Los costos directos no médicos y costos indirectos constituyen el 4% del total, lo que corresponde a 419,91 pesos por familia (84 dólares, IC 95% 69 a 115), un 8% del salario promedio.

The National Immunization Commission and the National Program for the Control of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, ProNaCEI) updated the immunization policy in relation to Bordetella pertussis (BP) in 2009 in order to improve the control of this disease in accordance with international recommendations. To evaluate the fnancial impact of this new immunization policy, we must frst know the cost on the health system of having a hospitalized or outpatient child infected with BP. The objective of this study was to describe the profle of costs of hospitalized or outpatient children with laboratory-confrmed BP infection in three hospitals of Argentina. This was a prospective study of the cost of BP in the period between December 2010 and March 2012. Results. The total cost for the entire cohort was 1 170 663.32 ARS (236 497.64 USD); direct medical costs were 1 124 052.31 ARS (227 081.27 USD); indirect costs and out-of-pocket expenses were 46 611 ARS (9416.6 USD). From this data, it is possible to conclude that the total average cost per patient was 10 546.52 ARS (95% CI: 9009-13 840) (2130.60 USD, 95% CI: 1820-2795), the direct medical cost per patient was 10 126.6 ARS (95% CI: 8607-13 171) (2045.77 USD, 95% CI: 1738-2660), and the indirect plus out-of-pocket costs (transportation and extras) were 419.92 ARS (95% CI: 344.7-565.3) (84 USD, 95% CI: 69-115). Conclusion. The cost of a hospitalized child with confrmed BP is 10 546.52 ARS (95% CI: 9009-13 840) (2130.60 USD, 95% CI: 1820-2795). Direct non-medical costs and overhead costs account for 4% of the total cost, amounting to 419.91 ARS per family (84 USD, 95% CI: 69-115), approximately an 8% of an average salary.

Pertussis vaccine controversies and acellular pertussis vaccine.

Pertussis still continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Because of the high reactogenicity of whole cell pertussis vaccine, it had evoked public controversy in several countries. In 1970 Japan abandoned use of whole cell pertussis vaccine and mounted efforts to develop better vaccine. To date, nearly 24 acellular pertussis vaccines have been developed, using different number and quantity of components. No acellular vaccine is most or least immunogenic with respect to all included antigens. Vaccine efficacy and duration of immunity is comparable with whole cell pertussis vaccine. The adverse events are two thirds less compared to whole cell vaccine.