Triagem fitoquímica e atividade antioxidante de Costus spicatus (Jacq. ) S. w / Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Costus spicatus (Jacq. ) Sw

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o perfil fitoquímico e a atividade antioxidante comparando-se os resultados obtidos entre diferentes órgãos da Costus spicatus. Foram utilizados caules, folhas e flores da Costus spicatus, colhidos na Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Os diferentes órgãos foram avaliados quanto ao perfil fitoquímico e atividade antioxidante nas frações hexânica, acetato de etila e butanólica. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a presença de Triterpenos e Esteróides (Lieberman-Burchard), Flavonóides (Shinoda), Saponinas (Índice de espuma), Alcalóides (Drangendorff) e Taninos (Cloreto Férrico). Foi demonstrada a atividade antioxidante potencial. Concluiu-se que a Costus spicatus apresentou todas as classes de metabólitos pesquisadas, dentre as quais, algumas possuem atividade biológica já conhecida, fazendo-se necessária a realização de estudos quantitativos e pesquisas que demonstrem seus efeitos farmacológicos, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the antioxidant activity comparing the results between different organs of Costus spicatus. We used the stems, leaves and flowers of Costus spicatus harvested at the State University of Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The different organs were evaluated for antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile in the hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. The results obtained proved the presence of triterpenes and steroids (Liebermann-Burchard), flavonoids (Shinoda), saponins (foaming index), alkaloids (Dragendorff) and tannins (ferric chloride). We demonstrated the potential antioxidant activity. We concluded that Costus spicatus presented all classes of metabolites studied, among which some already have their biological activity known by the literature, being necessary the performance of quantitative and research studies that demonstrate their pharmacological effects, thus contributing to the development of new drugs.

Tamizaje fitoquímico, actividad analgésica y antiinflamatoria de decocción de Costus pictus D Don / Phytochemical screening, analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of Costus pictus D Don decoction

Introducción: Costus pictus D Don (caña mexicana) es una especie cultivada como ornamental y la decocción de hojas y tallos frescos se emplea tradicionalmente para afecciones urinarias, como infecciones, litiasis y cólicos renales en Cuba. Objetivos: identificar los principales grupos de metabolitos secundarios y validar la actividad analgésica y antiinflamatoria de la decocción de hojas y tallos frescos de C. pictus. Métodos: se identificaron los principales grupos de metabolitos secundarios presentes en la decocción mediante un tamizaje fitoquímico. Se evaluó en los modelos farmacológicos de granuloma inducido por algodón en ratas, retorcimientos inducidos por ácido acético 0,75 por ciento (0,1 mL/10 g intraperitoneal) y retirada de la cola inmersa en agua a 55 °C en ratones; las dosis administradas, por vía oral, fueron equivalentes a 0,5; 1 y 5 g de material vegetal fresco/kg de peso corporal. Resultados: la decocción mostró presencia de flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos, compuestos lactónicos y cumarinas, saponinas y azúcares reductores. Inhibió significativamente la respuesta dolorosa en ambos modelos, pero no tuvo efecto antiinflamatorio en el granuloma provocado por algodón. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen a validar el uso tradicional de la decocción de hojas y tallos frescos de C. pictus para aliviar el dolor por causa de afecciones renales

Introduction: Costus pictus D Don (Mexican reed) is a species for decorative purposes and the decoction of leaves and fresh stems is traditionally used for urinary disorders like infections, lithiasis and renal colic in Cuba. Objectives: to identify the main groups of secondary metabolites and to validate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of a decoction of fresh leaves and stems from C. pictus. Methods: the main groups of secondary metabolites present in the decoction were identified by a phytochemical screening. The decoction was evaluated in pharmacological models of cotton-induced granulomas in rats; 0,75 por ciento acetic acid-induced cramps (0.1 mL/10 g intraperitoneal) and removal of the tail submerged into water at 55 °C in mice; the orally administered doses were 0.5; 1 and 5 g of fresh vegetable material/kg of body weight. Results: the decoction disclosed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, lactonic compounds and coumarins, saponins, and reducing sugars. It significantly reduced the painful response both models, but there was no antinflammatory effect on cotton-induced granuloma. Conclusions: the results contributed to validate the traditional use of C. pictus fresh leaves and stems in order to relieve the pain caused by renal diseases