Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 51
Filtrar
1.
J. bras. nefrol ; 42(3): 307-314, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134843

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition, leading to increased production of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), product from bacterial fermentation of the amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) from the diet. Thus, diet may be a determinant in the uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between Tyr and Phe intake and PCS plasma levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods: Twenty-seven non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3 and 4) without previous nutritional intervention were evaluated. The dietary intake was evaluated using a 24-hour recall, 3-day food record and protein intake was also estimated by Protein Nitrogen Appearance (PNA). The plasma levels of PCS were measured using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The evaluated patients (GRF, 34.8 ± 12.4 mL/min, 54.2 ± 14.3 years, BMI, 29.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2) presented mean protein intake of 1.1 ± 0.5 g/kg/day), Tyr of 4.5 ± 2.4 g/day and Phe of 4.6 ± 2.5 g/day. PCS plasma levels (20.4 ± 15.5 mg/L) were elevated and positively associated with both, Tyr (r = 0.58, p = 0.002) and Phe intake (r = 0.53, p = 0.005), even after adjustments for eGFR and age. Conclusion: This study suggests that the diet is an important modulator of the uremic toxins plasma levels produced by the gut microbiota, in non-dialysis CKD patients.


RESUMO Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam desequilíbrio na composição da microbiota intestinal, gerando toxinas urêmicas, como o p-cresil sulfato (PCS), pela fermentação bacteriana dos aminoácidos tirosina (Tyr) e fenilalanina (Phe) da dieta. Assim, a dieta pode ser determinante nos níveis de toxinas urêmicas produzidos pela microbiota intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possível relação entre a ingestão de Tyr e Phe e os níveis plasmáticos de PCS em pacientes com DRC não dialisados. Métodos: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador (estágios 3 e 4), sem intervenção nutricional prévia. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada pelo recordatório alimentar de 24h (R-24h) de 3 dias, e a ingestão proteica também foi verificada através do Protein Nitrogen Appearance (PNA). Os níveis plasmáticos de PCS foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de fase reversa. Resultados: Os pacientes avaliados (TFG, 34,8 ± 12,4 mL/min, 54,2 ± 14,3 anos, IMC 29,3 ± 6,1 kg/m2) apresentaram ingestão média de proteína de 1,1 ± 0,5 g/kg/dia, Tyr de 4,5 ± 2,4 g/dia e Phe de 4,6 ± 2,5 g/dia. Os níveis plasmáticos de PCS (20,4 ± 15,5 mg/L) foram elevados e positivamente associados à ingestão de Tyr (r = 0,58, p = 0,002) e Phe (r = 0,53, p = 0,005), mesmo após ajustes pela TFG e idade. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a dieta é um importante modulador dos níveis plasmáticos de toxinas urêmicas produzidas pela microbiota intestinal em pacientes com DRC não dialisados.


Assuntos
Humanos , Fenilalanina , Tirosina , Dieta , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Indicã , Sulfatos , Ésteres do Ácido Sulfúrico , Cresóis , Ingestão de Alimentos
2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 41(1): 103-111, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002421

RESUMO

ABSTRACT One of the mechanisms proposed for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cognitive impairment is the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the deterioration of the renal clearance function. Cognition can be categorized into five major domains according to its information processing functions: memory, attention, language, visual-spatial, and executive. We performed a review using the terms 'uric acid', 'indoxyl sulfate', 'p-cresyl sulfate', 'homocysteine', 'interleukins' and 'parathyroid hormone'. These are the compounds that were found to be strongly associated with cognitive impairment in CKD in the literature. The 26 selected articles point towards an association between higher levels of uric acid, homocysteine, and interleukin 6 with lower cognitive performance in executive, attentional, and memory domains. We also reviewed the hemodialysis effects on cognition. Hemodialysis seems to contribute to an amelioration of CKD-related encephalopathic dysfunction, although this improvement occurs more in some cognitive domains than in others.


RESUMO Um dos mecanismos propostos para explicar o comprometimento cognitivo relacionado à doença renal crônica (DRC) é o acúmulo de toxinas urêmicas devido à deterioração da função de depuração renal. A cognição pode ser categorizada em cinco domínios principais de acordo com suas funções de processamento de informações: memória, atenção, linguagem, visual-espacial e executiva. Realizamos uma revisão usando os termos "ácido úrico", "indoxil sulfato", "p-cresil sulfato", "homocisteína", "interleucinas" e "paratormônio". Estes são os compostos que se mostraram fortemente associados ao comprometimento cognitivo na DRC na literatura. Os 26 artigos selecionados apontam para uma associação entre níveis mais elevados de ácido úrico, homocisteína e interleucina-6 com menor desempenho cognitivo nos domínios executivo, atenção e de memória. Também revisamos os efeitos da hemodiálise na cognição. A hemodiálise parece contribuir para uma melhoria da disfunção encefalopática relacionada à DRC, embora essa melhora ocorra mais em alguns domínios cognitivos do que em outros.


Assuntos
Humanos , Toxinas Biológicas/efeitos adversos , Uremia/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Hormônio Paratireóideo/efeitos adversos , Ésteres do Ácido Sulfúrico/efeitos adversos , Ésteres do Ácido Sulfúrico/sangue , Ácido Úrico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-6/efeitos adversos , Cresóis/efeitos adversos , Cresóis/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Homocisteína/efeitos adversos , Homocisteína/sangue , Indicã/efeitos adversos , Indicã/sangue
3.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 35: 33-38, sept. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1047766

RESUMO

Background: Anaerobic digestion is an alternative bioprocess used to treat effluents containing toxic compounds such as phenol and p-cresol. Selection of an adequate sludge as inoculum containing an adapted microbial consortium is a relevant factor to improve the removal of these pollutants. The objective of this study is to identify the key microorganisms involved in the anaerobic digestion of phenol and p-cresol and elucidate the relevance of the bamA gene abundance (a marker gene for aromatic degraders) in the process, in order to establish new strategies for inocula selection and improve the system's performance. Results: Successive batch anaerobic digestion of phenol and p-cresol was performed using granular or suspended sludge. Granular sludge in comparison to suspended sludge showed higher degradation rates both for phenol (11.3 ± 0.7 vs 8.1 ± 1.1 mg l-1 d-1) and p-cresol (7.8 ± 0.4 vs 3.7 ± 1.0 mg l-1 d-1). After three and four re-feedings of phenol and p-cresol, respectively, the microbial structure from both sludges was clearly different from the original sludges. Anaerobic digestion of phenol and p-cresol generated an abundance increase in Syntrophorhabdus genus and bamA gene, together with hydrogenotrophic and aceticlastic archaea. Analysis of results indicates that differences in methanogenic pathways and levels of Syntrophorhabdus and bamA gene in the inocula, could be the causes of dissimilar degradation rates between each sludge. Conclusions: Syntrophorhabdus and bamA gene play relevant roles in anaerobic degradation of phenolics. Estimation of these components could serve as a fast screening tool to find the most acclimatized sludge to efficiently degrade mono-aromatic compounds.


Assuntos
Bactérias/metabolismo , Digestão Anaeróbia , Fenol/metabolismo , Cresóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/metabolismo , Esgotos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Deltaproteobacteria , Consórcios Microbianos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real
4.
J. bras. nefrol ; 38(2): 153-160, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-787878

RESUMO

RESUMO Introdução: p-cresol (PC) e p-cresil sulfato (PCS) são responsáveis por muitas das consequências clínicas uremia, tais como a aterosclerose em pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC). Objetivos: No presente trabalho, investigamos in vitro o impacto de PC e PCS na expressão da quimiocina monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) via NF-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 em VSMC. Métodos: O PCS foi sintetizado por sulfatação do PC. As VSMC foram extraídas por digestão enzimática da veia do cordão umbilical e caracterizadas por imunofluorescência através do anticorpo α-actina. As células foram tratadas com PC e PCS em suas concentrações normal (n), urêmica (u) e urêmica máxima (m). A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT. A expressão de MCP-1 foi investigada por ELISA em sobrenadantes de células após o tratamento com as toxinas, com ou sem o inibidor de NF-κB p65. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa na viabilidade das células após o tratamento com toxinas para todas as concentrações testadas. Houve um aumento significativo na expressão de MCP-1 em células tratadas com PCu e PCm (p < 0,001) e PCSn, PCSu e PCSm (p < 0,001), em comparação com o controle. Quando as VSMC foram tratadas com o inibidor de NF-κB p65 mais PCu e PCm, houve uma diminuição significativa na produção de MCP-1 (p < 0,005). Este efeito não foi observado com PCS. Conclusões: VSMC estão envolvidas na formação da lesão aterosclerótica e produção de MCP-1, o que contribui para o início da resposta inflamatória. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a PC medeia a produção de MCP-1 em VSMC, provavelmente através da via NF-κB p65 e que PCS atue através de uma subunidade diferente da via, uma vez que o inibidor da porção p65 não foi capaz de inibir a produção de MCP-1.


ABSTRACT Introduction: p-cresol (PC) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) are responsible for many of the uremia clinical consequences, such as atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Objectives: We investigate the in vitro impact of PC and PCS on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression via NF-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in VSMC. Methods: PCS was synthesized by PC sulfatation. VSMC were extracted by enzymatic digestion of umbilical cord vein and characterized by immunofluorescence against α-actin antibody. The cells were treated with PC and PCS at their normal (n), uremic (u) and maximum uremic concentrations (m). Cell viability was assessed by MTT. MCP-1 expression was investigated by ELISA in cells supernatants after toxins treatment with or without the NF-κB p65 inhibitor. Results: There was no significant difference in cell viability after toxins treatment for all concentrations tested. There was a significant increase in MCP-1 expression in cells treated with PCu and PCm (p < 0.001) and PCSn, PCSu and PCSm (p < 0.001), compared with the control. When VSMC were treated with the NF-κB p65 inhibitor plus PCu and PCm, there was a significant decrease in MCP-1 production (p < 0.005). This effect was not observed with PCS. Conclusions: VSMC are involved in atherosclerosis lesion formation and production of MCP-1, which contributes to the inflammatory response initiation. Our results suggest that PC mediates MCP-1 production in VSMC, probably through NF-κB p65 pathway, although we hypothesize that PCS acts through a different subunit pathway since NF-κB p65 inhibitor was not able to inhibit MCP-1 production.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ésteres do Ácido Sulfúrico/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL2/biossíntese , Quimiocina CCL2/efeitos dos fármacos , Cresóis/farmacologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Fator de Transcrição RelA/fisiologia
5.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1512-1519, 2015.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-337470

RESUMO

To understand the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin with α-O-4 linkage, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-phenoxypropyl)-phenol was selected as an α-O-4 type lignin dimer model compound, and its pyrolysis process was studied by density functional theory with M06-2X method at 6-31+G (d,p) level. Equilibrium geometries of the reactant, intermediates, transition states and products were fully optimized. The activation energies in each pyrolysis pathway were calculated. The dimer decomposed mainly through the homolytic cleavage and concerted decomposition of the C(α)-O linkage. Pyrolytic products mainly included various phenolic compounds such as phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-vinylphenol and p-coumaryl alcohol, as well as light compounds such as ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde. Pyrolytic depolymerization process has its potential in biomass-based fuels.


Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Biomassa , Cresóis , Química , Etanol , Química , Formaldeído , Química , Temperatura Alta , Lignina , Química , Metanol , Química , Fenóis , Química , Propionatos , Química
6.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 21(4): 1283-1300, Oct-Dec/2014.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-732517

RESUMO

Este estudo investiga as práticas de produção de conhecimento sobre a menopausa no Caism/Unicamp, centro de referência para políticas públicas em saúde da mulher. Foram realizadas observações de consultas ginecológicas, entrevistas com mulheres e médicos e observação de reuniões de apoio psicológico, buscando identificar os discursos que circulam no lugar e o processo de alistamento de diferentes atores para que os conhecimentos ali produzidos alcancem credibilidade e “viajem” além dos limites do hospital-escola, tornando-se “universais”. A análise baseia-se nos “estudos localistas”, alinhados aos estudos sociais de ciência e tecnologia.


This study investigates the practices involved in the production of knowledge about menopause at Caism, Unicamp, a reference center for public policies for women’s health. Gynecological appointments and psychological support meetings were observed, and women and doctors were interviewed in order to identify what discourse circulates there and how different actors are brought in to ensure that the knowledge produced attains credibility and “travels” beyond the boundaries of the teaching hospital to become “universal”. The analysis is based on localized studies aligned with social studies of science and technology.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , /genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade , Odorantes , Ácido Benzoico , Benzoatos/isolamento & purificação , Benzoatos/urina , Butiratos/isolamento & purificação , Butiratos/urina , Cromatografia Gasosa , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Cresóis/isolamento & purificação , Cresóis/urina , Dimetil Sulfóxido , Discriminação Psicológica , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/urina , Fenilacetatos/isolamento & purificação , Fenilacetatos/urina , Sulfonas/isolamento & purificação , Sulfonas/urina , Ultrafiltração
7.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 41(2): 92-98, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-711825

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of topical policresulen and cinchocaine in the postoperative pain behavior of open hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, controlled study. The control group received the usual guidelines with oral medications. The topical treatment group received, in addition, the application of the ointment and was comprised of two subgroups (policresulen + cinchocaine, and placebo). Pain intensity was recorded with the visual analogue scale. RESULTS: 43 patients were operated on: control group - n = 13, one excluded; placebo - n = 15; and policresulen + cinchocaine - n = 15. The mean age was 45.98 years and 37.2% were men. The average pain intensity was 4.09 (immediate postoperative), 3.22 (hospital discharge), 5.73 (day 1) , 5.77 (day 2), 5.74 (day 3), 5.65 (day 7), 5.11 (day 10), 2.75 (day 15) and 7.70 (first bowel movement), with no difference between groups in all periods. CONCLUSION: This study showed no reduction in pain after hemorrhoidectomy with the use of topical policresulen and cinchocaine. .


OBJETIVO: avaliar a ação do policresuleno e cinchocaína tópicos no comportamento da dor no pós-operatório de hemorroidectomias abertas. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo, duplo cego e controlado. O grupo controle recebeu as orientações usuais com medicações de uso oral. O grupo de tratamento tópico recebeu, adicionalmente, a aplicação de pomada e foi composto de dois subgrupos (policresuleno + cinchocaína; e placebo). A intensidade da dor foi registrada a partir da escala visual analógica. RESULTADOS: foram operados 43 pacientes: grupo controle (n=13; um excluído), placebo (n=15) e policresuleno + cinchocaína (n=15). A média de idade foi 45,98 anos e 37,2% foram homens. A média da intensidade da dor foi 4,09 (PO imediato), 3,22 (alta hospitalar), 5,73 (dia 1), 5,77 (dia 2), 5,74 (dia 3), 5,65 (dia 7), 5,11 (dia 10), 2,75 (dia 15) e 7,70 (primeira evacuação), sem diferença entre os grupos em todos os períodos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo não demonstrou redução da dor após hemorroidectomias como o uso do tratamento tópico. .


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Analgesia/métodos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Cresóis/administração & dosagem , Dibucaína/administração & dosagem , Formaldeído/administração & dosagem , Hemorroidectomia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Administração Tópica , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Estudos Longitudinais , Medição da Dor , Estudos Prospectivos
8.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 39(6): 832-840, Nov-Dec/2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-699124

RESUMO

Objective To evaluate the effects of terazosin and tolterodine on ureteral stent discomfort. Materials and Methods Of 163 patients assessed for eligibility, 104 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo, 2 mg of terazosin twice daily, 2 mg of tolterodine daily, or both terazosin plus tolterodine during the stenting period. Prior to stenting and at stent removal, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the IPSS quality of life (QoL) subscore and the Visual Analog Scale for Pain were determined. The patients also reported their analgesic use during the stenting period. Results Ninety-four patients completed the study. We noted significant decreases in the total IPSS scores (p = 0.002), irritative subscore (p = 0.039), QoL (p = 0.001), flank pain (p = 0.013), voiding pain (p = 0.01) and amount of analgesics used (p = 0.02) in the groups. However, neither the obstructive subscore nor the suprapubic pain improved significantly (p = 0.251 and p = 0.522, respectively). The patients receiving terazosin plus tolterodine experienced significant reductions in the total IPSS, irritative symptoms, QoL, flank pain, voiding pain and decreased analgesics use compared with those patients receiving placebo. However, compared with placebo, terazosin monotherapy did not affect pain levels, and tolterodine monotherapy did not improve QoL, flank pain or analgesics use. Conclusions Terazosin plus tolterodine improves ureteral stent-related complications, including irritative symptoms, the amount of analgesics used, QoL, flank pain and voiding pain but does not decrease obstructive symptoms or suprapubic pain. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530243. .


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Cresóis/uso terapêutico , Fenilpropanolamina/uso terapêutico , Prazosina/análogos & derivados , Stents/efeitos adversos , Ureter/efeitos dos fármacos , Agentes Urológicos/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Remoção de Dispositivo/efeitos adversos , Dor no Flanco/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Prazosina/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Escala Visual Analógica
9.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 39(1): 63-76, January-February/2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-670379

RESUMO

Purpose The objective of the study was to evaluate the synergistic transdermal permeation effect of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis technique on tolterodine tartrate (TT) transdermal gel and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties. Materials and Methods Taguchi robust design was used for optimization of formulations. Skin permeation rates were evaluated using the Keshary-chein type diffusion cells in order to optimize the gel formulation. In-vivo studies of the optimized formulation were performed in a rabbit model and histopathology studies of optimized formulation were performed on rats. Results Transdermal gels were formulated successfully using Taguchi robust design method. The type of penetration enhancer, concentration of penetration enhancer, current density and pulse on/off ratio were chosen as independent variables. Type of penetration enhancer was found to be the significant factor for all the responses. Permeation parameters were evaluated when maximum cumulative amount permeated in 24 hours (Q24) was 145.71 ± 2.00µg/cm2 by CIT4 formulation over control (91.89 ± 2.30µg/cm2). Permeation was enhanced by 1.75 fold by CIT4 formulation. Formulation CIT4 containing nerolidol (5%) and iontophoretic variables applied (0.5mA/cm2 and pulse on/off ratio 3:1) was optimized. In vivo studies with optimized formulation CIT4 showed increase in AUC and T1/2 when compared to oral suspension in rabbits. The histological studies showed changes in dermis indicating the effect of penetration enhancers and as iontophoresis was continued only for two cycles in periodic fashion so it did not cause any skin damage observed in the slides. Conclusion Results indicated that iontophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers is an effective method for transdermal administration of TT in the treatment of overactive bladder. .


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Ratos , Compostos Benzidrílicos/farmacocinética , Cresóis/farmacocinética , Iontoforese/métodos , Fenilpropanolamina/farmacocinética , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/tratamento farmacológico , Agentes Urológicos/farmacocinética , Administração Cutânea , Compostos Benzidrílicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Benzidrílicos/sangue , Cresóis/administração & dosagem , Cresóis/sangue , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Géis , Modelos Animais , Fenilpropanolamina/administração & dosagem , Fenilpropanolamina/sangue , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Absorção Cutânea , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Agentes Urológicos/administração & dosagem , Agentes Urológicos/sangue
10.
Korean Journal of Urology ; : 806-815, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-200764

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system (CVS) side effects of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) are underreported. Hence, this review aimed to focus on the mechanisms of CNS and CVS side effects of anticholinergic drugs used in OAB treatment, which may help urologists in planning the rationale for OAB treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for the key words "OAB," "anticholinergics," "muscarinic receptor selectivity," "blood-brain barrier," "CNS," and "CVS side effects." Additional relevant literature was determined by examining the reference lists of articles identified through the search. RESULTS: CNS and CVS side effects, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, the metabolism of these drugs, and the clinical implications for their use in OAB are presented and discussed in this review. CONCLUSIONS: Trospium, 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine, darifenacin, and solifenacin seem to have favorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties with regard to CNS side effects, whereas the pharmacodynamic features of darifenacin, solifenacin, and oxybutynin appear to have an advantage over the other anticholinergic agents (tolterodine, fesoterodine, propiverine, and trospium) with regard to CVS side effects. To determine the real-life situation, head-to-head studies focusing especially on CNS and CVS side effects of OAB anticholinergic agents are urgently needed.


Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos , Benzilatos , Benzofuranos , Sistema Cardiovascular , Sistema Nervoso Central , Antagonistas Colinérgicos , Cresóis , Ácidos Mandélicos , Metabolismo , Pirrolidinas , Quinuclidinas , Receptores Muscarínicos , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Succinato de Solifenacina
11.
National Journal of Andrology ; (12): 1099-1102, 2013.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-267980

RESUMO

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness of the monotherapy of Cardura and the combination therapy of Cardura and Tolterodine L-Tartrate Tablets for II° ? benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with overactive bladder (OAB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 87 cases of BPH with OAB, with a disease course > or = 3 months, daily urination > or = 8 times, nocturnal urination > or = 2 times, urine volume < 200 ml per time, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > or = 8, OAB symptom score (OABS) > or = 3, quality of life score (QOL) > or = 3, post-void residual (PVR) < or = 100 ml, maximum urinary flow (Qmax) > or = 5 ml/s, prostate weight 25-50 g, and PSA < 4 microg/L. We randomized the patients to a monotherapy group (n = 44) and combination group (n = 43), the former treated with Cardura 4 mg qd, and the latter with Cardura 4 mg + Tolterodine L-Tartrate Tablets 4 mg qd, both for 8 weeks. Then we recorded the IPSS, OABS, Qmax, PVR, PSA, and adverse events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). In comparison with the baseline, both the monotherapy group and the combination therapy group showed significant decreased in the IPSS (16.50 +/- 4.27 vs 13.68 +/- 3.69 and 15.51 +/- 3.80 vs 11.49 +/- 2.75), urine storage symptom score (10.48 +/- 2.75 vs 7.98 +/- 2.34 and 9.47 +/- 2.31 vs 5.74 +/- 1.66), OABS (8.55 +/- 2.69 vs 6.32 +/- 1.97 and 8.21 +/- 2.55 vs 4.44 +/- 1.62), urgent micturition score (4.25 +/- 1.06 vs 3.23 +/- 0.99 and 4.07 +/- 0.83 vs 2.26 +/- 1.05), QOL (5.36 +/- 0.72 vs 3.43 +/- 0.66 and 5.07 +/- 0.86 vs 2.37 +/- 0.76) and PVR ([44.55 +/- 22.39] vs [38.30 +/- 20.20] ml and [36.19 +/- 21.21] vs [24.98 +/- 17.60] ml) (P < 0.01). All the six parameters were significantly more improved in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (P < 0.01), but there were no remarkable differences between the groups in Qmax and voiding symptom score (P > 0.05). Neither group exhibited significant changes in the PSA level and prostate weight after treatment as compared with the baseline (P > 0.05). No acute urinary retention and other severe adverse reactions were observed during the medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both Cardura monotherapy and the combination therapy of Cardura + Tolterodine L-Tartrate Tablets can improve II ? BPH with OAB, and the latter has an even better efficacy than the former.</p>


Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Cresóis , Usos Terapêuticos , Doxazossina , Usos Terapêuticos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Fenilpropanolamina , Usos Terapêuticos , Hiperplasia Prostática , Tratamento Farmacológico , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Resultado do Tratamento , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Tratamento Farmacológico
12.
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 26 (6): 1117-1122
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-148540

RESUMO

The aim of the current investigation is to optimize ethosomes statistically for enhancing transdermal potential of Tolterodine Tartrate [TT]. Ethosomes bearing TT were prepared by cold method and characterized for various parameters like vesicle size, vesicle shape, surface morphology and% drug entrapment. Microscopic examinations suggest ethosomes as spherical unilamellar vesicles with a smooth surface. Optimized ethosomal vesicles were of 890 +/- 2.67nm size and showed 79.83 +/- 3.18% drug entrapment. Ex-vivo permeation studies across rat skin resulted in increased flux of 4.69 +/- 0.24 Micro g/cm[2]/hr and decreased lag time of 0.13 +/- 0.05 hr when compared with drug solution [0.546 +/- 0.05 Micro g/cm[2]/hr, 3 +/- 0.2 hr].This shows enhancement of transdermal delivery by 8.82 times. Anatomical changes in skin samples due to vesicle-skin interaction were observed on histological examination. Optimized formulation on storage at 4°C for 120 days showed insignificant growth in vesicular size revealing low aggregation of vesicles. The results collectively suggest ethosomes as carriers for accentuated transdermal delivery of TT


Assuntos
Cresóis , Fenilpropanolamina , Administração Cutânea
13.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 15(1): 3-3, Jan. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-640529

RESUMO

The biodegradation kinetics of o-cresol was examined by acclimatized P. putida DSM 548 (pJP4) in batch experiments at varying initial o-cresol concentrations (from 50 to 500 mg/L). The kinetic parameters of o-cresol aerobic biodegradation were estimated by using the Haldane substrate inhibition equation. The biodegradation kinetics of o-cresol was investigated. In batch culture reactors, the Maximum specific growth rate (μmax), Monod constant (Ks) and the inhibition constant (Ki) were established as 0.519 h-1, 223.84 mg/L and 130.883 mg/L, respectively. o-cresol biodegradation in a batch-recirculation bioreactor system by immobilized P. putida was also studied. The recycled packed bed reactor system, which was composed of Ca-alginate beads and pumice on which cells immobilized, has been performed to determine possible stability for further developments.


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Cresóis/metabolismo , Pseudomonas putida/química , Reatores Biológicos , Células Imobilizadas , Fenóis/metabolismo , Cinética
14.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 215-218, 2012.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-230481

RESUMO

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Parkinson's disease combined with overactive bladder syndrome (GAB) treated with combined therapy of oral administration of Tolterodine with low dose and electroacuponcture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of Parkinson's disease combined with GAB were randomly divided into a combined acupuncture and medication group (group A) and a medication group (group B), 30 cases in each group. In both groups, Madopar basic doses were same, and anticholinergic agents such as Artane were stopped. In group A, Tolterodine was orally taken for 1 mg, twice a day; Baihui (GV 20), Sishengcong (EX-HN 1) and Yintang (EX-HN 3) were punctured with electroacupuncture, once a day. In group B, Tolterodine was orally taken for 2 mg, twice a day. After 6 weeks, the changes of urination and UPDRS III scores were observed, and the adverse reactions were recorded in both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the frequency of average urination of 24 hours, frequency of incontinence of 24 hours and average urine volume at a time were obviously improved (all P < 0. 01), of which, the above items in group A were superior to those in group B (all P < 0. 05) the UPDRSIII score in group A was superior to that in group B (P < 0.05). The adverse reactions in group A were less than those in group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of Parkinson' s disease combined with GAB treated with combined therapy of Tolterodine with low dose and electroacupuncture is superior to that of complete dose of Tolterodine with oral administration, with less adverse reactions. And it also can improve the motor symptom of Parkinson's disease patients.</p>


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Terapia Combinada , Cresóis , Usos Terapêuticos , Eletroacupuntura , Doença de Parkinson , Tratamento Farmacológico , Terapêutica , Fenilpropanolamina , Usos Terapêuticos , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Tratamento Farmacológico , Terapêutica
15.
International Neurourology Journal ; : 107-115, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-170976

RESUMO

The in vivo muscarinic receptor binding of antimuscarinic agents (oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, and imidafenacin) used to treat urinary dysfunction in patients with overactive bladder is reviewed. Transdermal administration of oxybutynin in rats leads to significant binding of muscarinic receptors in the bladder without long-term binding in the submaxillary gland and the abolishment of salivation evoked by oral oxybutynin. Oral solifenacin shows significant and long-lasting binding to muscarinic receptors in mouse tissues expressing the M3 subtype. Oral tolterodine binds more selectively to muscarinic receptors in the bladder than in the submaxillary gland in mice. The muscarinic receptor binding of oral imidafenacin in rats is more selective and longer-lasting in the bladder than in other tissues such as the submaxillary gland, heart, colon, lung, and brain, suggesting preferential muscarinic receptor binding in the bladder. In vivo quantitative autoradiography with (+)N-[11C]methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate in rats shows significant occupancy of brain muscarinic receptors with the intravenous injection of oxybutynin, solifenacin, and tolterodine. The estimated in vivo selectivity in brain is significantly greater for solifenacin and tolterodine than for oxybutynin. Imidafenacin occupies few brain muscarinic receptors. Similar findings for oral oxybutynin were observed with positron emission tomography in conscious rhesus monkeys with a significant disturbance of short-term memory. The newer generation of antimuscarinic agents may be advantageous in terms of bladder selectivity after systemic administration.


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , Administração Cutânea , Autorradiografia , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Encéfalo , Colo , Cresóis , Coração , Imidazóis , Injeções Intravenosas , Pulmão , Macaca mulatta , Ácidos Mandélicos , Memória de Curto Prazo , Antagonistas Muscarínicos , Fenilpropanolamina , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Quinuclidinas , Receptores Muscarínicos , Salivação , Succinato de Solifenacina , Glândula Submandibular , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa
16.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 404-408, 2012.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-310225

RESUMO

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of overactive bladder after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) preventively treated with electroacupuncture and Tolterodine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty cases of benign prostate hyperplasia of TURP were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture and medicine group, an electroacupuncture group, a medicine group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. All the patients were treated with TURP under the continuous epidural anesthesia, and the catheter was retained for 5-7 days. In electroacupuncture group, before the surgery of the same day, Huiyang (BL 35), Ciliao (BL 32), Qugu (CV 2) and Huiyin (CV 1) were acupunctured with electroacupuncture for 30 min, once a day, 5-7 days' treatment was applied. In medicine group, Tolterodine Tartrate tablet was taken for 2 mg in the morning of surgery day, twice a day and treatment was applied for 5-7 days. In electroacupuncture and medicine group, the comprehensive therapies above in both electroacupuncture group and medicine group were applied. In control group, Pethidine of 50 mg was given by intramuscular injection when bladder was overactive, combined with Anisodamine injection of 10 mg according to the symptoms. The frequency and lasting time of bladder overactivity were compared within 72 hours after TURP in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After TURP, the frequency of bladder overactivity were 2-4 times a day, and lasted for 5-15 min each time in control group. The frequency and lasting time of bladder overactivity in treatment groups at different time were less than those in control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in comparison of frequency and lasting time of bladder overactivity between electroacupuncture and medicine group (all P > 0.05). The frequency and lasting time of bladder hyperactivity in electroacupuncture and medicine group were less than those in the electroacupuncture group and the medicine group at 24 hours, 24-48 hours, 48-72 hours after TUPR (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After TURP, early prevention of combined therapy of electroacupuncture and Tolterodine with oral administration is superior to that of electroacupuncture therapy or Tolterodine for overactive bladder treatment, and it is the safe and effective method to treat overactive bladder.</p>


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Terapia Combinada , Cresóis , Usos Terapêuticos , Eletroacupuntura , Fenilpropanolamina , Usos Terapêuticos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Tratamento Farmacológico , Terapêutica , Próstata , Cirurgia Geral , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Tratamento Farmacológico , Terapêutica
17.
International Neurourology Journal ; : 120-126, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-172515

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We investigated bladder function, with a special focus on nonvoiding contractions (NVCs), in awake rats with chronic chemical cystitis and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by use of simultaneous registrations of intravesical and intraabdominal pressures. In addition, we tested the effects of tolterodine on the NVCs in these models. METHODS: A total of 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. In eight rats, chemical cystitis was induced by intravesical instillation of HCl. Twelve rats were subjected to sham instillations or partial BOO. Four weeks after intravesical instillation or 2 weeks after partial BOO, cystometrograms were obtained by use of simultaneous recording of intravesical and intraabdominal pressure in all unanesthetized, unrestrained rats in metabolic cages. RESULTS: A total of 17 rats survived. In the rats with acute injury by HCl, 50% showed detrusor overactivity (DO), which was not seen in the sham group. The cystitis group had lower DO pressure without a difference in DO frequency compared with the BOO group. After the administration of tolterodine, the cystitis group showed no difference in DO frequency or pressure, whereas the BOO group showed decreased values for both parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that toleterodine produced no effect on DO during the filling phase in rats with chronic chemical cystitisbut decreased the frequency and pressure of DO in rats with BOO. Clinically, studies are needed to improve the treatment effect of anticholinergic drugs ininterstitial cystitis patients with overactive bladder.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos , Administração Intravesical , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Contratos , Cresóis , Cistite , Fenilpropanolamina , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Salicilamidas , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Bexiga Urinária , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Urodinâmica
18.
National Journal of Andrology ; (12): 348-350, 2011.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-266163

RESUMO

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tolterodine Tartrate combined with the alpha-receptor blocker in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with detrusor overactivity (BPH-DO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 113 patients with BPH-DO were randomly assigned to receive Tolterodine Tartrate combined with Cardura (Group A) and Cardura alone (Group B), both for 12 weeks. Then we recorded and compared their average 24 h urinary frequency, IPSS and QOL score, maximum urinary flow rate, residual urine volume and urinary retention times before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment, Group A showed significantly better improvement in the average 24 h urinary frequency and scores on IPSS and QOL than Group B. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the maximum urinary flow rate and residual urine volume. No acute urinary retention occurred in either group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined use of Tolterodine Tartrate and the alpha-receptor blocker can effectively relieve the symptoms of dysuria, urinary frequency and urinary urgency in patients with BPH-DO, with neither significant adverse effects on the maximum flow rate and residual urine volume nor increase in the incidence of acute urinary retention.</p>


Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa , Usos Terapêuticos , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Cresóis , Usos Terapêuticos , Antagonistas Muscarínicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Fenilpropanolamina , Usos Terapêuticos , Hiperplasia Prostática , Tratamento Farmacológico , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Resultado do Tratamento , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Tratamento Farmacológico
19.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 26-28, 2011.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-286914

RESUMO

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and safety of tolterodine and oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 204 children with idiopathic overactive bladder were randomly divided into three groups (n=68 each): placebo, tolterodine-treated and oxybutynin-treated. The efficacy and safety were evaluated two weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 25% in the placebo group, 89% in the tolterodine-treated group, and 92% in the oxybutynin-treated group. The effective rate in the two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P<0.05). There was a similar efficacy between the two treatment groups. The incidence of adverse events in the tolterodine-treated group (28%) was significantly lower than that in the oxybutnin-treated group (57%) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tolterodine has a similar efficacy to oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children, with better safety in pharmacotherapy.</p>


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Cresóis , Usos Terapêuticos , Ácidos Mandélicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Antagonistas Muscarínicos , Usos Terapêuticos , Fenilpropanolamina , Usos Terapêuticos , Tartarato de Tolterodina , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Tratamento Farmacológico
20.
Korean Journal of Urology ; : 636-641, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-113365

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical factors that impact ureteral stent-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after ureteroscopic ureterolithotomy, including the stent position and medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients who underwent ureteroscopic ureterolithotomy with indwelling a stent were distributed into three groups. On demand analgesics were given to the group 1 (n=18). Daily tamsulosin 0.2 mg was added for group 2 (n=15) and daily tamsulosin 0.2 mg and tolterodine 4 mg was added for group 3 (n=20). The patients were also subclassified into appropriate or inappropriate group according to stent position. All the patients completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) on the 1st and 7th postoperative days. The VAS and IPSS were analyzed according to the medication groups and the stent position. RESULTS: In the appropriate stent potion group, only the storage symptom scores of groups 2 and 3 on the 1st postoperative day were significantly lower than those of the group 1 (p=0.001). This medication effect on LUTS was not observed in the inappropriate stent position group. In this group, total IPSS (p=0.015) and storage symptom scores (p=0.002) were higher than in the appropriate stent position group on the 7th postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: Correct placement of the stent was more important than medication for lessening stent-related storage symptoms.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa , Analgésicos , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Antagonistas Colinérgicos , Cresóis , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior , Fenilpropanolamina , Estudos Prospectivos , Próstata , Stents , Sulfonamidas , Ureter , Ureteroscopia , Cateterismo Urinário , Manifestações Urológicas , Tartarato de Tolterodina
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA