Odontología sostenible y sustentable / Sustainable dentistry

Introducción: la periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial asociada a un biofilm de microorganismos patógenos. Objetivo: el objetivo del trabajo fue establecer la prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en pacientes con periodontitis y relacionarla con la severidad de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: participaron 45 pacientes, sistémicamente saludables, con edades entre 35 y 65 años. El grado de periodontitis se definió según los criterios de Papapanou y colaboradores. Como grupo control, se incluyeron 20 sujetos de ambos sexos sin periodontitis y sin enfermedades sistémicas. Se tomaron muestras de fluido gingival en dos sitios más profundos. Porphyromonas gingivalis se detectó por PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa). Resultados: la frecuencia relativa de periodontitis fue de 13.3% grado I, 46.7% grado II y 40% grado III. El sexo masculino presentó periodontitis grado III 72.2% y grado II 52.3%. El grado I se registró con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, 66.7%. La prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en la población con periodontitis fue de 44.4%. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grados de severidad de periodontitis y la presencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.0002, α = 5%). Conclusión: la periodontitis predominó en el sexo masculino. La prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en la población con periodontitis crónica fue de 44.4% y su presencia está relacionada con la severidad (AU)

Introduction: periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease associated with a biofilm of pathogenic microorganisms. Objective: the objective of the work was to establish the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis and relate it to the severity of the disease. Material and methods: 45 systemically healthy patients, aged between 35 and 65 years old, participated. The degree of periodontitis was defined according to the criteria of Papapanou et al. As a control group, 20 patients of both sexes without periodontitis and without systemic diseases were included. Gingival fluid samples were taken from two deeper sites. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Results: the relative frequency of periodontitis was 13.3% grade I, 46.7% grade II and 40% grade III. The male sex presented periodontitis grade III 72.2% and grade II 52.3%. Grade I was recorded more frequently in the female sex, 66.7%. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the population with periodontitis was 44.4%. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the degrees of severity of periodontitis and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.0002, α = 5%). Conclusion: periodontitis predominated in males. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the population with chronic periodontitis was 44.4% and its presence is related to severity (AU)

As startups no contexto da organização capitalista financeira e as subjetividades empreendedoras / Startups in the context of financial capitalist organization and entrepreneurial subjectivities / Startups en el contexto de la organización capitalista financiera y subjetividades emprendedoras

As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado.(AU)

Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production.(AU)

Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero.(AU)

Psicologia ambiental e recursos em sustentabilidade: revisão integrativa / Environmental psychology and sustainability resources: integrative review / Psicología ambiental y recursos de sostenibilidad: revisión integradora

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar, por meio de revisão integrativa de artigos empíricos, a produção científica relacionando a Psicologia Ambiental (variáveis de comportamento/cognição) e sustentabilidade, considerando diferentes recursos. Para efeitos deste estudo, foram analisados os artigos que abordam um recurso único. A busca foi realizada nos periódicos Environment and Behavior, Journal of Environmental Psychology e Psyecology, reconhecidos pela relevância internacional em produção científica no campo da Psicologia Ambiental. Foram selecionados 24 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2012 e 2016, a partir dos critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos. Os anos com maior número de publicação foram 2014 (n = 8) e 2015 (n = 8). A maioria dos artigos se refere a estudos realizados na Europa, apenas um trata de pesquisa no Brasil. Os recursos abordados nos estudos abrangeram transporte, produtos, água, energia elétrica, sacola plástica e pastagem natural. Os resultados revisados demonstram que há uma diversidade de conceitos na mediação entre comportamentos/cognições e diferentes recursos, indicando a relevância destas abordagens para a promoção de sustentabilidade. Sugere-se caminhos para pesquisa e intervenção nas relações sustentáveis entre pessoas e recursos disponíveis em seus meios.(AU)

The objective of this study was to examine, through an integrative review of empirical articles, the scientific production on the relation between Environmental Psychology (behavior/cognition variables) and sustainability considering different resources. For that purpose, this analysis considered articles approaching a unique resource. Search was conducted in three journals with international relevance in the scientific production of Environmental Psychology: Environment and Behavior, Journal of Environmental Psychology and Psyecology. Following pre-established inclusion criteria, results included 24 articles published from 2012 and 2016. Years with higher number of publications were 2014 (n = 8) and 2015 (n = 8). The articles found refer mostly to studies conducted in Europe; only one article is a research from Brazil. Resources included transportation, products, water, energy, plastic bag, and natural grassland. Results indicate that there is a diversity of concepts mediating behaviors/cognitions and different resources, which reveals the relevance of these approaches to the promotion of sustainability. Research and intervention paths are suggested to sustainable relations between people and resources available in their surroundings.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar, por medio de una revisión integradora de artículos empíricos, la producción científica que relaciona la Psicología Ambiental (variables de comportamiento/cognición) y la sostenibilidad, considerando diferentes recursos. Para los propósitos de este estudio, se analizaron artículos que abordan un solo recurso. La búsqueda fue realizada en los periódicos Environment and Behavior, Journal of Environmental Psychology y Psyecology, reconocidos por la relevancia internacional en producción científica en el campo de la Psicología Ambiental. Se seleccionaron 24 artículos, publicados entre los años 2012 y 2016, basados en criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los años con el mayor número de publicaciones fueron 2014 (n = 8) y 2015 (n = 8). La mayoría de los artículos se refiere a estudios realizados en Europa, sólo uno trata de investigación en Brasil. Los recursos abordados en los estudios incluyeron transporte, productos, agua, energía eléctrica, bolsas de plástico y pastoreo natural. Los resultados revisados demuestran que hay una diversidad de conceptos en la mediación entre comportamientos/cogniciones y diferentes recursos, indicando la relevancia de estos enfoques para la promoción de la sostenibilidad. Se sugieren caminos para la investigación e intervención en las relaciones sostenibles entre personas y recursos disponibles en sus medios.(AU)

Environmental Training Strategy for a Sustainable Human Development in the Medical Studies

Introduction: Universities confront the challenge to train professionals to face different problems, deterioration of the environment is one of them. Universities must promote the environmental training of professionals through the inclusion of the environmental dimension in the teaching process. In the case of health professionals this issue has a greater connotation due to the relationships between environmental problems and health problems. Objective: To propose a strategy on environmental training aimed at the sustainable human development in medical studies. Methods: Literature review on the topic was done and theoretical methods were used. Different definitions and varied structures were contrasted. Results: Structure of the proposed strategy including components and stages was designed. Conclusions: A strategy for environmental training aimed at the sustainable human development to introduce the environmental dimension in the medical studies is proposed(AU)

Implementation of a Photovoltaic Panel to Supply Electric Cars Energy Demands

ABSTRACT The gradual shifting of the energy matrix to renewable sources is one of the main global strategies for sustainable development. According to studies, the use of electric energy by automobiles would lead to a reduction in gasoline consumption of 40.7% in 2031, accompanied by an increase in electricity consumption of 42.1% in relation to official projections. However, the gradual and constant dissemination and use of electric vehicles, a new paradigm emerges, which is the need to supply the energy demand of this new charge in the electric system The use of solar radiation to generate electricity to meet this new demand presents a sustainable alternative. From these questions, a structure was designed with the installation of a photovoltaic solar panel linked to the use of electric vehicles, analyzing estimated values of energy production and avoided emissions of CO2, compared to the average consumption of several models to cover 21,900km per year. The results show that the Renault Twizy was the only model whose consumption was below the energy production of the projected photovoltaic system. In contrast, all models had a positive balance in the estimates of avoided CO2, forming an environmentally sustainable solution.