Physical activity level and lifestyle perception in prebariatric surgery patients / Nível de atividade física e percepção do estilo de vida de pacientes pré-cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract Objective To determine sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels in obese prebariatric surgery patients. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 96 male and female morbidly obese prebariatric surgery patients. Questionnaires addressing sociodemographic profile, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels were applied. Results Patients were aged 40.3±11.45 years. Inadequate levels of physical activity were reported by 47.8% of patients; most respondents (79.2%) attributed scores defined as inadequate to the physical activity domain of the lifestyle questionnaire. Time spent on physical activity practice per week differed significantly between patients reporting being physically active or physically inactive in adolescence (p=0.046). Conclusion Most obese prebariatric surgery patients perceive their lifestyle as inadequate, in spite of eligibility for bariatric surgery. Results also indicate that physical activity practice and nutrition are the domains with greatest impacts on patient lifestyle, and that physical activity practice in adolescence may contribute to adoption of a more active behavior in adulthood, which may represent a vital tool for health promotion in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as características sociodemográficas, a percepção do estilo de vida e o nível de atividade física dos pacientes obesos em pré-cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 96 pacientes obesos mórbidos pré-cirurgia bariátrica de ambos os sexos. Foram aplicados questionários contendo informações sobre o perfil sociodemográfico, a percepção do estilo de vida e o nível de atividade física. Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 40,3±11,45 anos. O nível inadequado de atividade física avaliado foi verificado em 47,8% dos pacientes, e o domínio atividade física do questionário sobre estilo de vida foi pontuado como inadequado pela maioria dos entrevistados (79,2%). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o tempo de prática de atividade física semanal dos praticantes e não praticantes na adolescência (p=0,046). Conclusão A maioria dos pacientes obesos pré-cirurgia bariátrica apresenta percepção de estilo de vida inadequada, apesar de terem sido considerados aptos à cirurgia bariátrica. A prática da atividade física e a nutrição são os domínios que exercem maior impacto no estilo de vida desses pacientes, e a realização de atividades físicas na adolescência pode contribuir para a adoção de um comportamento mais ativo na idade adulta, o que pode representar ferramenta fundamental para promoção da saúde, a ser considerada com os pacientes após a cirurgia bariátrica.

Tuberculose ativa em pacientes cirúrgicos com baciloscopia negativa no pré-operatório / Active tuberculosis in surgical patients with negative preoperative sputum smear results

OBJETIVO: Verificar a proporção de pacientes com baciloscopia negativa no pré-operatório e que apresentaram TB ativa na peça cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de TB ativa ou sequelar e operados entre os anos de 2003 e 2006 em um hospital universitário. Foram pesquisados antecedentes e aspectos clínicos relativos à doença, pesquisa de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR), tipo de cirurgia realizada e exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 43 pacientes, com média de idade de 44 ± 19 anos, sendo 27 do sexo masculino. Apresentavam história prévia de TB com tratamento adequado 28 pacientes, e 15 não referiam antecedentes para TB. O principal motivo da procura pelo serviço foi infecção de repetição, seguida por achados em exames de imagem. Dos 43 pacientes, foi pesquisado BAAR no pré-operatório em 35: 32 apresentaram resultados negativos e 3, resultados positivos. Dos 35 pacientes pesquisados, 26 apresentavam diagnóstico histopatológico de TB ativa e 9 de TB sequelar na peça cirúrgica; os outros 8 também foram diagnosticados com TB sequelar. A proporção de TB ativa em doentes com baciloscopia negativa foi de 72 por cento (23/32), e o de baciloscopia negativa em TB ativa foi de 88 por cento (23/26), sendo a pesquisa de BAAR positiva somente em 11,5 por cento (3/26). CONCLUSÕES: A baciloscopia direta tem rendimento muito baixo, e muitos pacientes mesmo já tratados podem permanecer com TB em atividade com baciloscopia negativa. A TB ativa pode ser confundida com infecções secundárias ou com câncer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of negative preoperative sputum smear results among patients presenting active TB, as identified through the evaluation of surgical samples. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery between 2003 and 2006 at a university hospital and receiving a histopathological diagnosis of active or latent TB. We reviewed patient histories, TB-related clinical aspects, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) test results, type of surgery performed and histopathological findings in surgical samples. RESULTS: We included 43 patients, 27 of whom were male. The mean age was 44 ± 19 years. Twenty-eight patients had a history of TB (treated appropriately), and 15 reported no history of the disease. The main reason for seeking treatment was recurrent infection, followed by alterations seen in imaging studies. Of the 43 patients, 35 underwent preoperative AFB testing: 32 tested negative, and 3 tested positive. Among those 35 patients, the histopathological diagnosis was active TB in 26 and latent TB in 9. The 8 patients not submitted to preoperative AFB testing were also diagnosed with latent TB. The proportion of active TB in patients with negative sputum smear results was 72 percent (23/32), whereas that of negative sputum smear results in patients with active TB was 88 percent (23/26). Only 11.5 percent (3/26) of the patients had tested positive for AFB. CONCLUSIONS: Direct sputum smear microscopy has a very low yield. Many previously treated patients can present negative sputum smear results and yet have active TB. Active TB can be mistaken for secondary infections or for cancer.

Dental needs in brazilian patients subjected to head and neck radiotherapy

In spite of its recognized benefits in the treatment of malignant tumors, radiation therapy have several side effects in the head and neck region. The evaluation of oral conditions by a dentist is important to prevent or minimize these problems. The aim of this retrospective review was to analyze the dental needs in 357 patients who received radiotherapy in the head and neck region and were treated at Orocentro/FOP/UNICAMP, between January 1990 and December 2004. Review of patient files showed that dental examination before radiotherapy was not performed in 148 patients (41.5 percent) and was done in 209 patients (58.5 percent). From the total of examined patients, 94 (45 percent) did not require dental procedures at the moment of examination, while 115 (55 percent) presented some sort of dental need. Following the patients after the radiotherapy, it was observed that the group of patients that was evaluated before radiation presented less need of restorations, root canal filling and dental extractions than those who were not evaluated. The results of this study confirm that the evaluation of oral conditions prior to radiotherapy is essential to minimize the dental needs, emphasizing the importance of the dentist in the multidisciplinary team that treats cancer patients.

Apesar dos benefícios da radioterapia no tratamento de tumores malignos, vários são os seus efeitos colaterais na região de cabeça e pescoço. Sendo assim, a avaliação das condições bucais pelo cirurgião dentista é fundamental para prevenir e/ou minimizar estes danos. Este estudo retrospectivo teve como objetivo verificar as condições dentárias e as necessidades de tratamento odontológico dos 357 pacientes que receberam radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço, atendidos pelo Orocentro/ FOP/UNICAMP, no período de janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 2004. Em 148 (41,5 por cento) do total dos pacientes a avaliação odontológica não foi realizada previamente à radioterapia. A avaliação odontológica pré-radioterápica foi realizada em 209 pacientes (58,5 por cento) dos quais 94 (45 por cento) não tinham necessidades de tratamento odontológico no momento da avaliação, enquanto 115 (55 por cento) apresentavam algum tipo de necessidade odontológica. O grupo de pacientes avaliados antes da radioterapia apresentou menores necessidades de restaurações, endodontias e exodontias que os pacientes não avaliados. Conclui-se que a avaliação das condições bucais previamente à radioterapia é essencial para diminuir as necessidades de tratamento odontológico enfatizando a importância da participação do cirurgião-dentista na equipe multidisciplinar que trata pacientes com câncer.

Efeito da implementação de diretriz para profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes cirúrgicos / Effect of the implementation of a guideline for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in surgical patients

INTRODUÇÃO: Estratégias efetivas para profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) são amplamente disponíveis, mas são ainda subutilizadas, principalmente no nosso meio. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da implementação de diretriz para profilaxia do TEV, em pacientes cirúrgicos, sobre a conduta da equipe de saúde na prescrição dessa profilaxia. Método. Estudo retrospectivo pré-intervenção - pós-intervenção. Prontuários de 150 pacientes antes e 150 depois da implementação de uma diretriz para a profilaxia (AID e DID) foram sorteados dentre pacientes de mais de 40 anos internados para cirurgia maior abdominal ou ortopédica. Foram registrados dados demográficos, referência a risco de TEV no prontuário, prescrição de profilaxia para TEV e diagnóstico de TEV durante a internação. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos, AID e DID, quanto aos dados demográficos e ao tempo de profilaxia (5,6 x 6,6 dias). A frequência de profilaxia AID x DID antes da cirurgia foi: profilaxia farmacológica (PF), 6 por cento x 9 por cento; meias de compressão graduada (MCG), 4 por cento x 3 por cento; compressão pneumática intermitente (CPI), 2 por cento x 3 por cento. Após cirurgia: PF 53 por cento x 53 por cento; MCG, 23 por cento x 40 por cento (P<0,05); CPI, 26 por cento x 32 por cento . No total, AP, foi prescrita profilaxia para 60,5 por cento dos pacientes AID e para 66,5 por cento DID, mas a profilaxia foi considerada adequada em 34 por cento dos pacientes AID e em 32 por cento DID. Conclusão. A adoção do protocolo, embora com maior a preocupação com a profilaxia, traduzida pelo aumento na prescrição de MCG, melhorou minimamente sua qualidade, indicando a necessidade de outras intervenções ativas e contínuas para aumentar a aderência ao mesmo.

INTRODUCTION: Effective strategies for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are widely available, but still remain underused, mainly in our country. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to verify whether the implementation of a guideline for VTE prophylaxis for surgical patients influenced the prescription of prophylaxis by the medical staff. METHODS: This was a retrospective preintervention-postintervention study. Charts of 150 patients before guideline implementation (BGI) and 150 after (AGI) were randomized among all patients admitted during one year in each period. Inclusion criteria: >40 years-old, major abdominal or orthopedic surgeries. Exclusion criteria: Incomplete files and use of anticoagulants for any reason at admission. Data registered: demographic data, reference to VTE risk factors, VTE prophylaxis prescription, diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during hospitalization. Results. The two groups, BGI and AGI were similar for demographic data and duration of prophylaxis (5.6 x 6.6 days). Frequency of prophylaxis in percentages was BGI x AGI respectively, before surgery: pharmacologic prophylaxis (PP), 6 x 9; graduated compression stockings (GCS), 4 x 3; intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), 2 x 3. After surgery: PP, 53 x 53; GCS, 23 x 40 (P<0.05); IPC, 26 x 32. Including all patients, prophylaxis was prescribed for 60.5 percent BGI and 66.5 percent AGI, but was considered adequate only in 34 percent BGI and 32 percent AGI. CONCLUSION: Adoption of a guideline, although increasing concern about prophylaxis, expressed by greater use of GCS, only minimally improved quality of prophylaxis , indicating that other active and continuous interventions are necessary to enforce compliance.

Preoperative vaginal preparation with povidone-iodine and post-cesarean infectious morbidity

Objective: to determine whether vaginal preparation with povidone-iodine before cesarean section decrease the incidence of postpartum infectious morbidity

Methods: a randomized, controlled study was performed on 304 women undergoing non-emergency cesarean delivery. The subjects received either standard abdominal scrub alone or abdominal scrub with an additional vaginal preparation with povidone-iodine solution. All subjects received prophylactic antibiotics at the time of umbilical cord clamping. Each subject's postoperative course was reviewed for development of febrile morbidity [temperature >38.0 degree C], endometritis [temperature >38.4 degree C accompanied by fundal tenderness occurring beyond the first postoperative day, in absence of evidence of other infection], and wound infection

Results: post-cesarean endometritis occurs in 4.7% of subjects who received a preoperative vaginal preparation and 14.1% of controls [p=0.0097]. There was no measurable effect of a vaginal scrub on development of postoperative fever or wound infection. The adjusted odd ratio [OR] for developing endometritis after a vaginal preparation was 0.33 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.287-0.831]. Multivariate analysis showed an increased risk of developing endometritis in association with severe anaemla [adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.755- 1.975]. Use of intraparturn internal monitors [adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.601 -1.756], or history of antenatal genitourinary infection [adjusted OR 0.988, 95% CI 0.612-1.596]

Conclusion: preoperative vaginal scrub with povidoneiodine decreases incidence of post-cesarean endometritis. This intervention does not seem to decrease the overall risk of postoperative fever or wound infection

A national survey on preoperative fasting policies and practices in Jamaican hospitals

Controversy has arisen regarding the length and nature of the preoperative fast that should be required of patients with normal gastric emptying time undergoing elective surgery. Various studies and editorials have indicated that the traditional preoperative fasting policy of [quot ]NPO after midnight[quot ] may be illogical as it makes no distinction between solid foods and clear fluids. Successive National Surveys conducted in the United States of America (USA) have shown an increasing number of Ambulatory Surgery Hospitals adopting more liberal preoperative fasting guidelines. Jamaican practitioners have also begun implementing some of these new liberal practices, even in institutions where [quot ]NPO after midnight[quot ] remain the official policy of the institution in which they practice. This has created a discordance between individual practice and institutional policy. In view of the fact that the extent of this discrepancy has not yet been studied and documented in Jamaica, and in an effort to better characterize the nature of the changes taking place in preoperative fasting practices in Jamaican hospitals, including those related to knowledge and attitude of practitioners, we embarked on this National Survey. The survey consisted of a questionnaire comprised of 13 questions which were to be completed by all surgeons and anaesthetists practising in a wide cross-section of public hospitals throughout Jamaica, providing an initial sample size of 201 subjects. We had a response rate of 74, or 148 responses. At all the hospitals surveyed, the traditional NPO policy continued to be the official institutional policy. However, at the individual level, 37 of respondents had already revised their policy, and were allowing their patients to have clear fluids up to three hours before the induction of anaesthesia. Also, 66, 68, and 73 of respondents stated that, in the future, they were prepared to allow their patients a solid meal up to eight hours, light breakfast up to six hours, and clear fluids up to three hours, respectively. We concluded that, whilst the traditional NPO policy remained firmly entrenched at the institutional level, many anaesthetists and surgeons show a positive inclination towards more liberal fasting practices. We recommend the formation of a local task force to determine what aspects of the new liberal guidelines may be safely and effectively adopted, taking account of local circumstances

Incidence of bony secondary at presentation of breast carcinoma in our region.

Study is conducted to evaluate the incidence of bony secondary and to evaluate the need for routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of breast carcinoma in this region. Of the total 130 patients evaluated by bone scan, sixty (n = 60, 46.15%) had secondary lesion in bone. Among the 54 preoperative patients, all with positive FNAC, twenty (n = 20, 37.03%) had bony metastases. Of the 76 post-operative patients, forty (n = 40, 52.63%) had secondary bone lesions. Single lesion was seen in only five (n = 5, 8.53%) cases. Rest fifty five (n = 55, 91.67%) had multiple bony secondaries. Most of the postoperative cases (n = 40, 52.63%) were invasive/infiltrative duct cell carcinoma. The very high incidence of bony secondary appears to be due to delayed presentation associated with poor socioeconomic condition, ignorance and also shyness. Bony metastases at the time of presentation suggests poor prognosis. As it can affect therapeutic management of these patients, routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of breast carcinoma patients to a tertiary label hospital is proposed, against conflicting conclusion by papers in the developed countries.

Criterios de selección de la anestesia en la paciente ginecoobstétrica grave / Anesthesia selection criteria for the gynecological and obstetrical patient

Se realizó un estudió retrospectivo en 30 pacientes ginecoobstétricas que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, con el objetivo de valorar cuántas de ellas fueron quirúrgicas y por lo tanto requirieron de anestesia así como valorar los criterios de selección de la misma en la enferma de alto riesgo o grave. Se describen el número de intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas, el tipo y el tiempo de cirugía correlacionándolas con los métodos, técnicas, tipos y tiempos anestésicos. Para analizar los criterios de selección de la anestesia se recurrió a las clasificaicones de la ASA, y Goldman, al estado de compensación o descompensación del padecimiento, al estado de conciencia de las enfermas, al estado del feto in útero antes de la cirugia y a los requerimentos anestésicos de las enfermas de acuerdo a las condiciones citadas y a las necesidades de analgesia, protección neurovegetativa, hipnosis y relajación muscular. También se analizó el monitoreo utilizado pre, trans y posoperatoriamente, además de las complicaciones trans y posanestésicas que se presentaron con los métodos elegidos. De acuerdo con los resultados encontrados, se recomiendan los métodos y técnicas de anestesia a seguir en pacientes de alto riesgo

The art and science of perioperative consultations

El segmento de la población con más rápido crecimiento es aquel que comprende a las personas mayores de 65 años. Esta población es también la que más está expuesta a procedimientos quirúrgicos. Si se previenen las complicaciones peri y post operatorias en pacientes envejecientes, éstos pueden ser candidatos a la mayor parte de las cirugías. Ningún paciente debe ser rechazado de una intervención quirúrgica en base a su edad. El presente artículo discute las responsabilidades de los médicos tanto cirujanos como no cirujanos, los objetivos de las intervenciones tanto médicas como quirúrgicas y las potenciales causas de riesgo en aquellos pacientes envejecientes sometidos a cirugía

Síndrome de Mirizzi - diagnóstico pre-operatorio / Mirizzi syndrome - pre-operative diagnosis

A propósito de un caso diagnosticado en el pre-operatorio; se revisan 4 casos de Síndrome de Mirizzi; que si bien es una complicación rara de la colelitiasis; en nuestra casuística en el periodo de dos años (1989-1990) de un total de 212 colecistectomías realizadas en el Servicio de Cirugía General N§ 6 del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; encontramos 4 casos de este sídrome, que representa el 1.88 por ciento del total. De estos 4 casos 1 caso fue diagnosticado en pre-operatorio y 3 casos en el intraoperatorio; también señalamos que según la clasificación de Mc Sherry 1 fue Mirizzi tipo I y 3 Mirizzi tipo II; anotando que en dos de estos casos la operación que se realizó fue una Derivación Biliodigestiva Hepática-yeyuno en Y de Roux. La mortalidad fue cero.