Factores de riesgos prevalentes en pacientes ingresados por enfermedad cerebrovascular / Prevailing risk factors in hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular disease

INTRODUCCIÓN: la enfermedad cerebrovascular en la actualidad es uno de los problemas de salud más importantes, no solo en Cuba, sino en los países desarrollados del mundo. Ocupa el segundo lugar como causa de discapacidad permanente en el adulto y muerte, solo es superada por las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el cáncer, lo que determina su relevancia médica, económica y social por el costo en la rehabilitación y los cuidados que requieren los pacientes con importantes daños neurológicos. OBJETIVO: caracterizar los factores de riesgos prevalecientes en los pacientes ingresados por enfermedad cerebrovascular. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo y longitudinal en una muestra de 144 pacientes ingresados por enfermedad cerebrovascular en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja" entre enero y diciembre de 2012. Se aplicó una encuesta que exploró diferentes variables y los datos obtenidos se codificaron manualmente. RESULTADOS: el tipo de enfermedad cerebrovascular que prevaleció fue la hemorragia subaracnoidea, seguida por la hemorragia cerebral. Los factores de riesgo modificables que se identificaron con mayor frecuencia fueron la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus. Se constató insuficiente control de los factores de riesgo en la atención primaria de salud. CONCLUSIONES: los factores de riesgo mayormente asociados a la enfermedad cerebrovascular fueron la hipertensión arterial y la edad avanzada, seguidos por el tabaquismo y la diabetes mellitus, en correspondencia con un control deficiente de estas enfermedades.

INTRODUCTION: cerebrovascular diseases are presently one of the most important health problems not only in Cuba but in the developed countries as well. It holds the second place in the list of causes of permanent disability and of death in adults, just preceded by cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which determines its medical, economic and social relevance due to the cost of rehabilitation and of care that patients having significant neurological damage require. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the prevailing risk factors in hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: longitudinal and descriptive study of a sample of 144 patients with cerebrovascular disease, who were admitted to the emergency service of "Dr Octavio de la Concepcion y de la Pedraja" teaching, clinical and surgical hospital from January through December, 2012. A survey was conducted to explore different variables and the collected data were manually coded. RESULTS: the predominant type of cerebrovascular disease was subararachnoid hemorrhage followed by brain hemorrhage. The most frequently modifiable risk factors were blood hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It was observed that the control of risk factors was poor at the primary health care setting. CONCLUSIONS: the risk factors mainly associated to cerebrovascular disease were blood hypertension and advanced age, followed by tabaquismo and diabetes mellitus, in correspondence with a deficient control of these illnesses.

Validación de un programa de estimulación neuropsicológico NEUROPROTENIC en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido / Validation of a neuropsychological stimulation program NEUROPROTENIC in patients with acquired brain injury

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar el diseño de un software de estimulación neuropsicológica denominado NEUROPROTENIC y validación de las actividades incluidas en el software, como proyecto de grado para el programa de Maestría en Neuropsicología Clínica de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de San Buenaventura. Esta es la primera fase general del estudio que posteriormente será sistematizado e implementado en pacientes que han presentado daño cerebral adquirido, específicamente aquellos con las etiologías correspondiente a accidente cerebrovascular y trauma cráneo encefálico. En el contexto actual de investigaciones sobre rehabilitación neuropsicológica y/o estimulación neuropsicológica, se ha iniciado una tendencia mayor al uso de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas, por tanto es quizás por esto la gran oportunidad de NEUROPROTENIC de ser un software pionero en Colombia que se somete a validación las actividades de rehabilitación, consiguiendo un alto índice de validez en las actividades diseñadas lo que garantiza en una gran parte que realmente que las personas con Daño Cerebral Adquirido que participen de la estimulación neuropsicológica mediante presenten una mejoría significativa en la curva de recuperación espontanea...

The objective of this research is to design software called NEUROPROTENIC neuropsychological stimulation, as degree project for Master of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology at the University of San Buenaventura. This generally is the first phase of the study which will later be systematized and implemented in patients who have acquired brain injury, specifically those corresponding to the stroke etiologies and Traumatic Brain Injury. In the current context of neuropsychological rehabilitation research and / or neuropsychological stimulation, has started a greater tendency to use new technological tools, so it is perhaps for this NEUROPROTENIC the great opportunity to be a pioneer in Colombia that software undergoes validation rehabilitation activities, achieving high level of validity in activities designed which guarantees really much that people with Acquired Brain Injury to participate by presenting neuropsychological stimulation significantly improved the spontaneous recovery curve...

Habilidades funcionais de criança com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida / Functional abilities of children with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A encefalopatia associada ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana é uma conseqüência importante das infecções neurológicas que atingem crianças com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Tal conseqüência pode gerar perdas no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotorlevando a dificuldades em atividades fundamentais para a independênciada criança. O objetivo do estudo é descrever os ganhos funcionaisnas áreas de auto-cuidado e mobilidade de uma criança com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Foi aplicado junto ao cuidador da criança o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade(PEDI), antes e após o processo de reabilitação com intervalo de 12meses. Os resultados demonstram que houve melhora funcional nos aspectos avaliados. Na área de auto-cuidado houve alteração de escores de 53,65 na primeira avaliação para 60,06 na segunda avaliação. Na área de mobilidade a criança passou de um escore de 24,29 para 38,66. Os resultados sugerem que as estratégias utilizadas no processo de reabilitação, bem como atuação da equipe ultidisciplinar permitiram o desenvolvimento de habilidades para melhor desempenho ocupacional da criança.

Encephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus is an important consequence of neurological infections that affect children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Such a result can generate large losses in neuropsychomotor development leading to difficulties in activities fundamental to the independence of the child. The objective here was to describe the functional gains in the areas of self-care and mobility of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was made with the child’s caregiver, before and after the rehabilitation process with an interval of 12 months. The results show that there were significant improvements in the functional aspects evaluated. In the area of self-care there scoring changed from53.65 to 60.06 in the first and second assessments, respectively. In the areaof mobility, the child’s score went from 24.29 to 38.66. The results suggestthat strategies used in the rehabilitation process, along with the help of amultidisciplinary team, enabled the development of occupational skills forbetter performance.