Pseudomycetoma of the scalp caused by Microsporum canis

Abstract Pseudomycetoma is an extremely rare deep mycosis, caused by dermatophytic fungi that penetrate the tissue from infected follicles of tinea capitis. Both clinically and histopathology are similar to eumycetoma, being distinguished through the isolation of the fungus, which in the case of pseudomycetoma can be Microsporum spp. or Trichophyton spp. genre. We present a 24-year-old man with an exuberant tumor in the occipital region with fistula, whose histopathological examination evidenced grains composed of hyaline hyphae and the culture for fungi isolated the agent Microsporum canis. Combined treatment of surgical excision followed by oral griseofulvin for two years was performed, with resolution of the condition.

Osteonevus of Nanta: a case report in a combined melanocytic nevus

Abstract Secondary osteoma cutis is a phenomenon that may occur in several conditions. When it occurs in a melanocytic nevus it is named osteonevus of Nanta, an event considered uncommon and characterized by the presence of bone formation adjacent or interposed with melanocytic cells. There are reports of its occurrence in various melanocytic lesions, being more frequently associated with intradermal nevus. We report a case of osteonevus of Nanta in combined nevus, possibly the first description of this association.

Complete form of pachydermoperiostosis

Abstract Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) or primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by digital clubbing, pachydermia, and periostosis. Its pathogenesis is uncertain and the diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological data. A complete form of the syndrome is reported in a male patient with disease onset in adolescence, with compatible clinical and radiological findings, presenting the three cardinal findings as well as other associated manifestations, such as hyperhidrosis and acne.

Melanoacanthoma: a potential pitfall of reflectance confocal microscopy

Abstract Melanoacanthoma is a rare variant of seborrheic keratosis, which is notable for dark pigmentation and fast radial growth, making it difficult to distinguish from melanoma. Histologically, it is characterized by proliferation of keratinocytes and dendritic melanocytes. The authors report a scalp lesion, fast growing, suspected by dermoscopy and confocal microscopy examination, with dendritic cells distributed throughout the lesion. Based on these findings, it was not possible to classify this lesion as clearly benign, so it was excised. Histopathologic evaluation and immunostain were consistent with melanoacanthoma.

Trichoscopy findings in dissecting cellulitis

Abstract Dissecting cellulitis is an inflammatory, chronic, and recurrent disease of the hair follicles that mainly affects young Afro-descendent men. Trichoscopy is a method of great diagnostic value for disorders of the scalp. Clinical and trichoscopic findings of dissecting cellulitis are heterogeneous and may present features common to non-cicatricial and scarring alopecia. This article presents the trichoscopic findings of dissecting cellulitis that help in the diagnosis and consequent institution of the appropriate therapy and better prognosis of the disease.

Lichen planus with multiple system involvement including the mouth, vagina, urethra, and scalp: a case report

This is a case report of lichen planus (LP) with multiple system involvement. A 35-year-old female patient was admitted in November 2014 with a 5-year history of painful/difficult sexual intercourse and loss of oral mucosa, and an 8-year history of focal hair loss. Earlier, the patient had been unable to adhere to corticosteroid therapy because of severe adverse side effects. In September 2014, labia minora mucosa defects and stricture of the urethral orifice (with dysuria), vaginal orifice, and vagina were identified. Biopsy was performed and a diagnosis of erosive LP was made. The patient was treated with an oral immunosuppressant (cyclosporine A) and urethral/vaginal dilatation. Urine flow rate and sex life were improved after 6 months and she discontinued medication. Four years later, the patient reported a good overall treatment efficacy. LP can involve multiple systems and should be considered in patients with dyspareunia. Immunosuppressive agents can achieve a satisfactory effect in patients with contraindication to corticosteroid.

Wound myiasis: the role of entodermoscopy

Abstract: Although wound or traumatic myiasis is common in tropical countries, only recently cases associated with underlying dermatoses, such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, have been reported. We describe a patient with seborrheic dermatitis and an ulcerated lesion on the scalp, in which the dermatological examination with the aid of dermoscopy allowed the identification of larvae (maggots) compatible with infestation by Cochliomyia hominivorax. Treatment was performed with oral and topical ivermectin, followed by manual extraction of the larvae.

Lichen simplex chronicus on the scalp: exuberant clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings

Abstract: Lichen simplex chronicus is a skin disease that mostly affects female patients, with a peak incidence between ages 35 and 50 years. On the scalp, it appears as a single or multiple oval lesions, showing scaling and hair shaft loss or breakage. An important dermoscopic feature of the disease are the "broom fibers." Histopathology reveals the "hamburger" and the "gear wheel" signs. The aim of this report is to demonstrate a case of lichen simplex chronicus on the scalp with typical and exuberant clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia versus Kimura's disease: a case report and a clinical and histopathological comparison

Abstract Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a rare and benign vascular tumor whose etiology remains uncertain. It clinically presents itself by angiomatous papules or nodules located on the head and neck. Many controversies in the literature are found in relation to angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and Kimura's disease - its main differential diagnosis - due to their clinical and histopathological similarities. However, currently, most studies agree that they are distinct diseases. The present case illustrates a characteristic description of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and also highlights the main differences with Kimura's disease.

Cutis verticis gyrata secundária à paquidermoperiostose. Relato de caso / Cutis verticis gyrata secondary to pachydermoperiostosis - case report

A cutis verticis gyrata é uma condição do couro cabeludo caracterizada por sulcos e dobras profundas, causando o espessamento da pele que lhe dá uma aparência semelhante aos giros do córtex cerebral. Pode ser congênita ou adquirida, e predomina no sexo masculino. É classificada de acordo com sua etiologia primária (essencial e não essencial) e secundária. Descrevemos aqui um caso de cutis verticis gyrata secundária à paquidermoperiostose em paciente do sexo masculino jovem, apresentando suas manifestações clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas. Estudo descritivo constando de relato de caso e revisão de literatura nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Foram obtidos artigos originais científicos nas bases LILACS, SciELO, Scopus e PubMed, buscando-se pelos descritores: "couro cabeludo", "doenças da pele e do tecido conjuntivo", "anormalidades da pele" e "dermatopatias". O limite temporal foi 2010 e as línguas escolhidas foram português, inglês, italiano, espanhol e francês. Paciente do sexo masculino, 25 anos, apresentando hipertrofias lineares em couro cabeludo, acompanhado de dor nas mãos, tornozelos e articulação coxofemoral. Presença de baqueteamento digital e hiperidrose palmoplantar. Trata-se de uma doença rara e progressiva, cuja avaliação clínica é essencial para definir a forma da cutis verticis gyrata e excluir outras síndromes associadas.

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a scalp condition characterized ridges and deep folds causing thickening of the skin, giving an appearance similar to the cerebral cortex gyri. It can be congenital or acquired, and predominates in males. It is classified according to its primary and secondary etiology (essential and non-essential). A case of Cutis verticis gyrata secondary to pachydermoperiostosis (PQP) is described in a young male patient, with its clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. This is a descriptive study consisting of a case report and review of literature on the Virtual Health Library databases (BVS). Scientific original articles were obtained in LILAC, SciELO, Scopus and PubMed databases, searching the keywords: "scalp", "skin and connective tissue diseases", "skin abnormalities" and "skin diseases" .The time limit was year 2010, and the languages chosen were Portuguese, English, Italian, Spanish and French. Male patient, 25 years old, with linear hypertrophy on the scalp, accompanied by pain in the hands, ankles and hip joint. Presence of digital clubbing, and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. It is a rare, progressive disease whose clinical assessment is essential to define the type of cutis verticis gyrata, and to rule out other associated syndromes.

Leprosy on the scalp

Abstract Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This bacillus has a high predilection for skin and peripheral nerves. The scalp’s anatomical properties do not favor the development of such mycobacterium. We report a case of leprosy with scalp involvement, a rare occurrence in our literature.

Scleroderma en coup de sabre treated with polymethylmethacrylate - Case report

Abstract The scleroderma en coup de sabre is a variant of localized scleroderma that occurs preferentially in children. The disease progresses with a proliferative and inflammatory phase and later atrophy and residual deformity, which are treated with surgical techniques such as injectable fillers, transplanted or autologous fat grafting and resection of the lesion. Among the most widely used fillers is hyaluronic acid. However, there are limitations that motivate the search for alternatives, such as polymethylmethacrylate, a permanent filler that is biocompatible, non-toxic, non-mutagenic and immunologically inert. In order to illustrate its application, a case of scleroderma en coup de sabre in a 17-year-old patient, who was treated with polymethylmethacrylate with excellent aesthetic results, is reported.

Pustulosis aguda erosiva del cuero cabelludo / Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp

La Pustulosis Erosiva del cuero cabelludo fue descrita por primera vez por Pye, Peachy y Burton en 1979, en mujeres mayores¹. De etiología y patogenia no del todo clara, se relaciona con exposición a trauma local. Se presenta como lesiones erosivas, costrosas y pustulosas de carácter estéril. Su cuadro histológico no es específico, por lo que el diagnóstico es de exclusión. Se han reportado múltiples tratamientos, pero los que han demostrado mejor resultado se basan en el uso de corticoides tópicos de alta potencia y retinoides orales. Presentamos un caso de pustulosis erosiva del cuero cabelludo en un paciente varón y una revisión de los principales aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de esta enfermedad.

In 1979 Pye, Peachy and Burton described the Erosive Pustular Dermatosis of the scalp in elder women. The etiology and pathogenesis is still unknown; nonetheless, it is most commonly associated with the exposure to local trauma. The disease is manifested as sterile erosive, crusty and pustular lesions on the scalp. Its histological profile is unspecific; therefore, it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Multiple treatments have been reported, high-potency topical corticosteroids and oral retinoids have shown favorable response. Herein we present a case of an erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp on a male patient and a review of the clinical and histological characteristics of this disease.

Black women’s hair: the main scalp dermatoses and aesthetic practices in women of African ethnicity

Abstract:Afro-ethnic hair is different from Caucasian and Asian hair and has unique features. Ethnic hair is more prone to certain conditions or diseases. Such diseases are not only related to the fragile inner structure of the hair, but also to the cultural habits of hairstyles that often exert traction forces upon the pilosebaceous follicle. Women with African hair subject their hair to chemical treatments such as hair straightening and relaxing, and thus modify the structure of their hair shaft, making it more susceptible to damage. For this reason, hair complaints are common among black women and represent a diagnostic challenge to the dermatologist, requiring a thorough clinical examination of the hair and scalp, and a detailed medical history of the patient. The purpose of this review is to warn of the potential side effects and sequelae related to hairstyles and hair treatments used by black women, and to highlight the major diseases that affect this ethnicity.

HTLV-1-associated infective dermatitis and probable HTLV-1- associated myelopathy in an adolescent female

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated infective dermatitis (ID) is a chronic, severe and recurrent eczema occurring during childhood in patients vertically infected with HTLV-1. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesia (HAM/ TSP) is slow and progressive. We report the case of an adolescent female from a non-endemic area for HTLV-1 who presents ID and, most likely, associated HAM/TSP.

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp- what are the steps to be followed? Case report and review of the literature

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare malformation characterized by localized congenital absence of the skin. It rarely occurs on the trunk and limbs, and can occur in isolation or as part of a heterogeneous group of syndromes. We report a case of a 4-day-old boy with a 5.6-cm- diameter tumor, with a central crust, non-indurate and no inflammatory rim; localized on the scalp and a small, atrophic hairless scar appeared 6 months later (approximately 5cm in length) at the site of the previous tumor.